Morphometry of the heart orifices and morphometry and topography of the coronary ostia in the goat

Background: The coronary vessels have been described in various species of domestic and wild ruminants. However, no studies on the detailed morphology and morphometry of heart orifices and coronary ostia in the Polish goat are available. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 112 female, adult dairy goats belonging to Polish Fawn Improved and Polish White Improved breed, closely related to French Alpine and Saanen, respectively. Results: In all examined individuals, all heart orifices and heart valves were of normal structure. There was no significant diametrical difference between the aortic and pulmonary orifice. The right atrioventricular opening was significantly wider than the left atrioventricular opening. The dimension of the left coronary ostium ranged from 1.0 to 5.5 mm with the arithmetic mean (±standard deviation [SD]) of 4.3 ± 0.8 mm. The dimension of the right coronary ostium ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mm with the arithmetic mean (±SD) of 2.8 ± 0.7 mm. Both coronary artery ostia were located under the sinotubular junction. 39/112 examined goats (34.8%) had variations in the structure of the coronary ostia such as the lack of main trunk or the presence of additional coronary ostia. They were observed in one (in 34/39 goats) or both coronary arteries (5/39 goats). Conclusions:  In goats, the dimensions of aortic and pulmonary orifices are similar while the right atrioventricular opening outsizes the left one. On the other hand, the left coronary ostium is wider than the right one. Morphological variations in the coronary ostia occur in approximately one third of goats, more often in the right than in the left ostium

A cumulative index to the 1976 issues of a continuing bibliography on Aerospace Medicine and Biology

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in Supplements 151 through 162 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography. It includes three indexes - subject, personal author, and corporate source

Left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial protection with perhexiline during cardiac surgery

Myocardial protective strategies during cardiac surgery continue to improve yet they remain imperfect. Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are considered to be at greater risk of myocardial injury post cardiac surgery. Perhexiline is an anti-anginal agent known to modulate myocardial metabolism towards a more efficient glucose metabolic pathway. This metabolic modulation may improve myocardial protection. In this thesis I present a multi-centre double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial evaluating the role of perhexiline as an adjunct to standard myocardial protection in patients with LVH secondary to aortic stenosis undergoing an aortic valve replacement. Perhexiline does not augment myocardial protection. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy based energetic studies, echocardiographic and functional assessments in a homogenous patient cohort show no added benefit with perhexiline therapy in LVH. Therefore perhexiline should be limited to those patients refractory to maximum medical therapy. Metabolomic assessment of LVH has shown no change in the metabolomic profile within the myocardium. However any changes that do exist may be subtle. In LVH there is an increased activity of some innate cardioprotective mechanistic pathways in patients that do not sustain a low cardiac output episode post cardiac surgery. Further examination of these cardioprotective regulators is warranted

Stem Cell Research on Cardiology

Even today, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, and therapeutic approaches are very restricted. Due to the limited regenerative capabilities of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes post injury, new strategies to treat cardiac patients are urgently needed. Post myocardial injury, resident fibroblasts begin to generate the extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrosis, and finally, cardiac failure. Recently, preclinical investigations and clinical trials raised hope in stem cell-based approaches, to be an effective therapy option for these diseases. So far, several types of stem cells have been identified to be promising candidates to be applied for treatment: cardiac progenitor cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as their descendants. Furthermore, the innovative techniques of direct cardiac reprogramming of cells offered promising options for cardiovascular research, in vitro and in vivo. Hereby, the investigation of underlying and associated mechanisms triggering the therapeutic effects of stem cell application is of particular importance to improve approaches for heart patients. This Special Issue of Cells provides the latest update in the rapidly developing field of regenerative medicine in cardiology

College and Clinical Record

Published from 1880-1899, the College and Clinical Record was a monthly medical journal put out by Jefferson Medical College students and graduates. It commonly included printed lectures, conference proceedings, original articles, reminiscences, obituaries notices, marriage announcements, and college news. According to its first publication, The CLINICAL RECORD has been instituted more particularly for the purpose of conveying to those interested the most reliable intelligence of current affairs at the Jefferson Medical College, and of furnishing a means of intercourse between graduates of the school... It is especially intended to impart to the graduates and students of the College accurate and elaborate reports of the medical, surgical, and gynaecological clinics held by the members of the Faculty and Hospital Staff, with notes of peculiarities of treatment of cases in the hospital of the College. The editors are two of its graduates, who are keenly sensible of the desirability of preserving as much as possible of the valuable instruction of the \u27Old Jeff,\u27 as it is familiarly known.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/jmc_publications/1000/thumbnail.jp