1,569 research outputs found
An Evolutionary Theory of Innovation and Strategic Platform Openness for Web 2.0 Businesses
We examine in this study technology adoption and diffusion of innovation from an evolutionary perspective that leads to an analysis that is different from extant literature and that adds to our theoretical understanding of platform innovation. Our evolutionary theory of innovation and platform openness refines and extends the currently prevailing simple innovation paradigms and allows the theoretical analysis of innovation as a truly dynamic multi-level phenomenon that affects organizational as well as industry change. We also present a formal Markovian process model that serves as a basis for simulating specific theoretical parameter settings and enables the examination of how organizational innovation strategies affect organizational performance as well as industry trends.The results of our simulation analysis suggest that platform openness plays a key role in innovation diffusion and fixation, especially in a Web 2.0 environment where the innovation is at a selective disadvantage or if the environment fosters an unrelenting radical innovation rate. The analysis also suggests that strategies that aim at decreasing competition in the Web 2.0 industry instead of opening the service platforms will not succeed in increasing innovation diffusion
Identifying and explicating knowledge on method transfer: a sectoral system of innovation approach
Post-print (lokagerð höfundar)With the advances in information technology and its increasing impact on humans and society, there has been an expanding need to spread knowledge from domain to domain. This need is not least in the area of human–computer interaction, which includes a rich culture of carrying out usability evaluations in many different domains and technology platforms. This paper aims to show how transfer of methods takes place, by explicating and formalizing the process. It will contribute to the quest for knowledge on the constituents of the process of transferring methodological knowledge and their relationships. A sectoral system of innovation approach is used to analyse the constituents of a selected sector, crisis management, where training is essential and which is rapidly adopting technology for operations and training. Two case studies are described where heuristics evaluation and user testing were applied on simulation software that allows training for crisis management. The analysis results in a process model, describing the transfer of methodological knowledge within the sectoral system of innovation framework.The research leading to these results has received funding from COST Action IC0904, Twintide, and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. [FP7-242474], CRISIPeer Reviewe
WebAL Comes of Age: A review of the first 21 years of Artificial Life on the Web
We present a survey of the first 21 years of web-based artificial life (WebAL) research and applications, broadly construed to include the many different ways in which artificial life and web technologies might intersect. Our survey covers the period from 1994—when the first WebAL work appeared—up to the present day, together with a brief discussion of relevant precursors. We examine recent projects, from 2010–2015, in greater detail in order to highlight the current state of the art. We follow the survey with a discussion of common themes and methodologies that can be observed in recent work and identify a number of likely directions for future work in this exciting area
Three Essays on Growth and Innovation of Digital Platforms
Digital platforms are complex digital technology arrangements that enable the interaction of otherwise unaffiliated organisations. This interaction often generates novel outputs and as a result digital platforms are seen as a powerful driver of digital innovation. Yet exactly how digital platforms generate innovations by facilitating interaction merits further investigation. This dissertation illustrates aspects of how platforms grow and innovate using the case of the open-geo data platform OpenStreetMap. The study draws from both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis techniques applied to highly detailed data capturing the use, design, and operation of the platform over more than ten years. A series of computationally-intensive, mixedmethods studies were conducted to utilise the full scale of available empirical material while maintaining contextual richness relevant to the case. Embedded in recent topics on digital platforms, three empirical studies are presented. Each study focuses on one aspect of growth and innovation on digital platforms. The studies specifically examine; (i) how platform operators can stimulate generativity, that is the generation of novel outputs without direct input by the operator, (ii), how the unique attributes of digital technologies enable the creation of complex ecosystems that allow for highpaced changes in a platform’s architecture even if that increases the structural complexity of a platform, and, (iii) how participants coordinate contributions to a platform’s operation when they cannot rely on stable interfaces. Collectively these studies contribute to the understanding of how platforms generate new digital innovations
Products and Services
Today’s global economy offers more opportunities, but is also more complex and competitive than ever before. This fact leads to a wide range of research activity in different fields of interest, especially in the so-called high-tech sectors. This book is a result of widespread research and development activity from many researchers worldwide, covering the aspects of development activities in general, as well as various aspects of the practical application of knowledge
Composição de serviços para aplicações biomédicas
Doutoramento em Engenharia InformáticaA exigente inovação na área das aplicações biomédicas tem guiado a evolução
das tecnologias de informação nas últimas décadas. Os desafios associados a
uma gestão, integração, análise e interpretação eficientes dos dados
provenientes das mais modernas tecnologias de hardware e software
requerem um esforço concertado. Desde hardware para sequenciação de
genes a registos electrónicos de paciente, passando por pesquisa de
fármacos, a possibilidade de explorar com precisão os dados destes
ambientes é vital para a compreensão da saúde humana. Esta tese engloba a
discussão e o desenvolvimento de melhores estratégias informáticas para
ultrapassar estes desafios, principalmente no contexto da composição de
serviços, incluindo técnicas flexíveis de integração de dados, como
warehousing ou federação, e técnicas avançadas de interoperabilidade, como
serviços web ou LinkedData.
A composição de serviços é apresentada como um ideal genérico, direcionado
para a integração de dados e para a interoperabilidade de software.
Relativamente a esta última, esta investigação debruçou-se sobre o campo da
farmacovigilância, no contexto do projeto Europeu EU-ADR. As contribuições
para este projeto, um novo standard de interoperabilidade e um motor de
execução de workflows, sustentam a sucesso da EU-ADR Web Platform, uma
plataforma para realizar estudos avançados de farmacovigilância. No contexto
do projeto Europeu GEN2PHEN, esta investigação visou ultrapassar os
desafios associados à integração de dados distribuídos e heterogéneos no
campo do varíoma humano. Foi criada uma nova solução, WAVe - Web
Analyses of the Variome, que fornece uma coleção rica de dados de variação
genética através de uma interface Web inovadora e de uma API avançada. O
desenvolvimento destas estratégias evidenciou duas oportunidades claras na
área de software biomédico: melhorar o processo de implementação de
software através do recurso a técnicas de desenvolvimento rápidas e
aperfeiçoar a qualidade e disponibilidade dos dados através da adopção do
paradigma de web semântica.
A plataforma COEUS atravessa as fronteiras de integração e
interoperabilidade, fornecendo metodologias para a aquisição e tradução
flexíveis de dados, bem como uma camada de serviços interoperáveis para
explorar semanticamente os dados agregados. Combinando as técnicas de
desenvolvimento rápidas com a riqueza da perspectiva "Semantic Web in a
box", a plataforma COEUS é uma aproximação pioneira, permitindo o
desenvolvimento da próxima geração de aplicações biomédicas.The demand for innovation in the biomedical software domain has been an
information technologies evolution driver over the last decades. The challenges
associated with the effective management, integration, analyses and
interpretation of the wealth of life sciences information stemming from modern
hardware and software technologies require concerted efforts. From gene
sequencing hardware to pharmacology research up to patient electronic health
records, the ability to accurately explore data from these environments is vital
to further improve our understanding of human health. This thesis encloses the
discussion on building better informatics strategies to address these
challenges, primarily in the context of service composition, including
warehousing and federation strategies for resource integration, as well as web
services or LinkedData for software interoperability.
Service composition is introduced as a general principle, geared towards data
integration and software interoperability. Concerning the latter, this research
covers the service composition requirements within the pharmacovigilance
field, namely on the European EU-ADR project. The contributions to this area,
the definition of a new interoperability standard and the creation of a new
workflow-wrapping engine, are behind the successful construction of the EUADR
Web Platform, a workspace for delivering advanced pharmacovigilance
studies. In the context of the European GEN2PHEN project, this research
tackles the challenges associated with the integration of heterogeneous and
distributed data in the human variome field. For this matter, a new lightweight
solution was created: WAVe, Web Analysis of the Variome, provides a rich
collection of genetic variation data through an innovative portal and an
advanced API. The development of the strategies underlying these products
highlighted clear opportunities in the biomedical software field: enhancing the
software implementation process with rapid application development
approaches and improving the quality and availability of data with the adoption
of the Semantic Web paradigm.
COEUS crosses the boundaries of integration and interoperability as it provides
a framework for the flexible acquisition and translation of data into a semantic
knowledge base, as well as a comprehensive set of interoperability services,
from REST to LinkedData, to fully exploit gathered data semantically. By
combining the lightness of rapid application development strategies with the
richness of its "Semantic Web in a box" approach, COEUS is a pioneering
framework to enhance the development of the next generation of biomedical
applications
Combining SOA and BPM Technologies for Cross-System Process Automation
This paper summarizes the results of an industry case study that introduced a cross-system business process automation solution based on a combination of SOA and BPM standard technologies (i.e., BPMN, BPEL, WSDL). Besides discussing major weaknesses of the existing, custom-built, solution and comparing them against experiences with the developed prototype, the paper presents a course of action for transforming the current solution into the proposed solution. This includes a general approach, consisting of four distinct steps, as well as specific action items that are to be performed for every step. The discussion also covers language and tool support and challenges arising from the transformation
Developing a distributed electronic health-record store for India
The DIGHT project is addressing the problem of building a scalable and highly available information store for the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of the over one billion citizens of India
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