Energy challenges for ICT

The energy consumption from the expanding use of information and communications technology (ICT) is unsustainable with present drivers, and it will impact heavily on the future climate change. However, ICT devices have the potential to contribute signi - cantly to the reduction of CO2 emission and enhance resource e ciency in other sectors, e.g., transportation (through intelligent transportation and advanced driver assistance systems and self-driving vehicles), heating (through smart building control), and manu- facturing (through digital automation based on smart autonomous sensors). To address the energy sustainability of ICT and capture the full potential of ICT in resource e - ciency, a multidisciplinary ICT-energy community needs to be brought together cover- ing devices, microarchitectures, ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), high-performance computing (HPC), energy harvesting, energy storage, system design, embedded sys- tems, e cient electronics, static analysis, and computation. In this chapter, we introduce challenges and opportunities in this emerging eld and a common framework to strive towards energy-sustainable ICT

Towards a power consumption estimation model for routers over TCP and UDP protocols

Due to the growing development in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, the usage of routers has increased rapidly. Meanwhile, these devices that are produced and developed today consume a definite amount of power, Furthermore, with limited focus on power estimation techniques and the increased demands of networking devices, it led to an increase of the vitality consumption as a result. While new high capacity router components are installed, energy intake in system elements will be rising due to the higher capability network consuming larger component of the vitality. This study considers providing estimating power model in different traffic settings over TCP and UDP protocols, this study is mainly concerned about the transport protocols power consumption. Isolating the power consuming components within an electronic system is a very precise process that requires deep understanding of the role of each component within the system and a thorough study of the component datasheet. The study started by simulating the protocols mechanism then followed by protoclos power measurements, a simple simulation has been provided for Xilinx Virtex-5, it is very complicated to simulate the whole system due to the need of an external devices, so the simulation focused on wavelengths, frequencies and traffic types. This study found that the estimated power stokes was high when the 1480nm, 1580nm, and 1750nm power source increase. while there were differrence in the consumed power while transiting different types of traffic such as CBR and HTTP through UDP and TCP. The effect of different frequencies has been noticed also while applying different frequencies to the protocols. So it is believed that this study may enhance the power scenarios in the network and routers throug applying different techniques to UDP and TC

Dynamic voltage scaling algorithms for soft and hard real-time system

Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) has not been investigated completely for further minimizing the energy consumption of microprocessor and prolonging the operational life of real-time systems. In this dissertation, the workload prediction based DVS and the offline convex optimization based DVS for soft and hard real-time systems are investigated, respectively. The proposed algorithms of soft and hard real-time systems are implemented on a small scaled wireless sensor network (WSN) and a simulation model, respectively

Application and Energy-Aware Data Aggregation using Vector Synchronization in Distributed Battery-less IoT Networks

The battery-less Internet of Things (IoT) devices are a key element in the sustainable green initiative for the next-generation wireless networks. These battery-free devices use the ambient energy, harvested from the environment. The energy harvesting environment is dynamic and causes intermittent task execution. The harvested energy is stored in small capacitors and it is challenging to assure the application task execution. The main goal is to provide a mechanism to aggregate the sensor data and provide a sustainable application support in the distributed battery-less IoT network. We model the distributed IoT network system consisting of many battery-free IoT sensor hardware modules and heterogeneous IoT applications that are being supported in the device-edge-cloud continuum. The applications require sensor data from a distributed set of battery-less hardware modules and there is provision of joint control over the module actuators. We propose an application-aware task and energy manager (ATEM) for the IoT devices and a vector-synchronization based data aggregator (VSDA). The ATEM is supported by device-level federated energy harvesting and system-level energy-aware heterogeneous application management. In our proposed framework the data aggregator forecasts the available power from the ambient energy harvester using long-short-term-memory (LSTM) model and sets the device profile as well as the application task rates accordingly. Our proposed scheme meets the heterogeneous application requirements with negligible overhead; reduces the data loss and packet delay; increases the hardware component availability; and makes the components available sooner as compared to the state-of-the-art.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Power Management Techniques for Data Centers: A Survey

With growing use of internet and exponential growth in amount of data to be stored and processed (known as 'big data'), the size of data centers has greatly increased. This, however, has resulted in significant increase in the power consumption of the data centers. For this reason, managing power consumption of data centers has become essential. In this paper, we highlight the need of achieving energy efficiency in data centers and survey several recent architectural techniques designed for power management of data centers. We also present a classification of these techniques based on their characteristics. This paper aims to provide insights into the techniques for improving energy efficiency of data centers and encourage the designers to invent novel solutions for managing the large power dissipation of data centers.Comment: Keywords: Data Centers, Power Management, Low-power Design, Energy Efficiency, Green Computing, DVFS, Server Consolidatio

Dynamic Power Management in Wireless Sensor Network

This research focuses on reducing or minimizing the power consumption, thereby increasing the network lifetime and also demonstrates a methodology for power consumption evaluation of WSN. The research also analyzes the energy consumption of ad hoc nodes using IEEE 802.11 interfaces; this was achieved using OPNET simulator. The evaluation takes into account the properties of the medium access protocol and the process of forwarding packets in ad hoc mode. The key point is to determine the node lifetime based on its average power consumption. The average power consumption is estimated considering how long the node remains sleeping, idle, receiving or transmitting