3,113 research outputs found
Semi-Supervised Approach to Monitoring Clinical Depressive Symptoms in Social Media
With the rise of social media, millions of people are routinely expressing
their moods, feelings, and daily struggles with mental health issues on social
media platforms like Twitter. Unlike traditional observational cohort studies
conducted through questionnaires and self-reported surveys, we explore the
reliable detection of clinical depression from tweets obtained unobtrusively.
Based on the analysis of tweets crawled from users with self-reported
depressive symptoms in their Twitter profiles, we demonstrate the potential for
detecting clinical depression symptoms which emulate the PHQ-9 questionnaire
clinicians use today. Our study uses a semi-supervised statistical model to
evaluate how the duration of these symptoms and their expression on Twitter (in
terms of word usage patterns and topical preferences) align with the medical
findings reported via the PHQ-9. Our proactive and automatic screening tool is
able to identify clinical depressive symptoms with an accuracy of 68% and
precision of 72%.Comment: 8 pages, Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM),
2017 IEEE/ACM International Conferenc
Metaphoric Paraphrase Generation
This work describes the task of metaphoric paraphrase generation, in which we
are given a literal sentence and are charged with generating a metaphoric
paraphrase. We propose two different models for this task: a lexical
replacement baseline and a novel sequence to sequence model, 'metaphor
masking', that generates free metaphoric paraphrases. We use crowdsourcing to
evaluate our results, as well as developing an automatic metric for evaluating
metaphoric paraphrases. We show that while the lexical replacement baseline is
capable of producing accurate paraphrases, they often lack metaphoricity, while
our metaphor masking model excels in generating metaphoric sentences while
performing nearly as well with regard to fluency and paraphrase quality.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Multimodal Grounding for Language Processing
This survey discusses how recent developments in multimodal processing
facilitate conceptual grounding of language. We categorize the information flow
in multimodal processing with respect to cognitive models of human information
processing and analyze different methods for combining multimodal
representations. Based on this methodological inventory, we discuss the benefit
of multimodal grounding for a variety of language processing tasks and the
challenges that arise. We particularly focus on multimodal grounding of verbs
which play a crucial role for the compositional power of language.Comment: The paper has been published in the Proceedings of the 27 Conference
of Computational Linguistics. Please refer to this version for citations:
https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/papers/C/C18/C18-1197
Survey of the State of the Art in Natural Language Generation: Core tasks, applications and evaluation
This paper surveys the current state of the art in Natural Language
Generation (NLG), defined as the task of generating text or speech from
non-linguistic input. A survey of NLG is timely in view of the changes that the
field has undergone over the past decade or so, especially in relation to new
(usually data-driven) methods, as well as new applications of NLG technology.
This survey therefore aims to (a) give an up-to-date synthesis of research on
the core tasks in NLG and the architectures adopted in which such tasks are
organised; (b) highlight a number of relatively recent research topics that
have arisen partly as a result of growing synergies between NLG and other areas
of artificial intelligence; (c) draw attention to the challenges in NLG
evaluation, relating them to similar challenges faced in other areas of Natural
Language Processing, with an emphasis on different evaluation methods and the
relationships between them.Comment: Published in Journal of AI Research (JAIR), volume 61, pp 75-170. 118
pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
"Talent, Skill and Support." : A Method for Automatic Creation of Slogans
Slogans are an effective way to convey a marketing message. In this paper, we present a method for automatically creating slogans, aimed to facilitate a human slogan designer in her creative process. By taking a target concept (e.g. a computer) and an adjectival property (e.g. creative) as input, the proposed method produces a list of diverse expressions optimizing multiple objectives such as semantic relatedness, language correctness, and usage of rhetorical devices. A key component in the process is a novel method for generating nominal metaphors based on a metaphor interpretation model. Using the generated metaphors, the method builds semantic spaces related to the objectives. It extracts skeletons from existing slogans, and finally fills them in, traversing the semantic spaces, using the genetic algorithm to reach interesting solutions (e.g. âTalent, Skill and Support.â). We evaluate both the metaphor generation method and the overall slogan creation method by running two crowdsourced questionnaires.Peer reviewe
Computational Analysis and Generation of Slogans
I reklam anvÀnds sloganer för att förbÀttra Äterkallandet av den annonserade produkten av konsumenter och skilja den frÄn andra pÄ marknaden. Att skapa effektiva slagord Àr en resurskrÀvande uppgift för mÀnniskor. I denna avhandling beskriver vi en ny metod för att automatiskt generera sloganer, med tanke pÄ ett mÄlkoncept (t ex bil) och en adjektivsegenskap för att uttrycka (t ex elegant) som input. Dessutom föreslÄr vi en metod för att generera nominella metaforer med hjÀlp av en metafor-tolkningsmodell för att möjliggöra generering av metaforiska slagord. Metoden för att generera sloganer extraherar skelett frÄn befintliga sloganer, sÄ fyller det ett skelett med lÀmpliga ord genom att anvÀnda flera sprÄkliga resurser (som ett förvar av grammatiska och semantiska relationer och sprÄkmodeller) och genetiska algoritmer samtidigt som man optimerar flera mÄl sÄsom semantiska relateradhet, sprÄkkorrigering och anvÀndning av retoriska enheter.
Vi utvĂ€rderar metaforen och slogangenereringsmetoderna med hjĂ€lp av en tĂ€nktalkoplattform. PĂ„ en 5-punkts Likert-skala ber vi online-domare att bedöma de genererade metaforerna tillsammans med tre andra metaforer som genererades med andra metoder och visa hur bra de kommunicerar den eftersökta betydelsen. Slogangenereringsmetoden utvĂ€rderas genom att be crowdsourced-domare att bedöma genererade sloganer frĂ„n fem perspektiv, vilka Ă€r 1) hur bra Ă€r sloganet relaterat till Ă€mnet, 2) hur korrekt Ă€r sloganets sprĂ„k, 3) hur metaforiskt Ă€r sloganet, 4) hur engagerande, attraktivt och minnesvĂ€rt Ă€r det och 5) hur bra Ă€r sloganet överlag. Dessa frĂ„gor Ă€r utvalda för att undersöka effekterna av relateradhet till produkten och den markerade egenskapen, anvĂ€ndningen av retoriska anordningar och sprĂ„kets korrekthet pĂ„ den övergripande uppskattningen av slogan. PĂ„ samma sĂ€tt utvĂ€rderar vi befintliga sloganer som har skapats av Ă€kta mĂ€nniskor. Baserat pĂ„ utvĂ€rderingarna analyserar vi metoden som helhet tillsammans med de enskilda optimeringsfunktionerna och ger insikter om befintliga sloganer. Resultaten frĂ„n vĂ„ra utvĂ€rderingar visar att vĂ„r metaforgeneringsmetod kan producera lĂ€mpliga metaforer. För slogangenereraren bevisar resultaten att metoden har varit framgĂ„ngsrik i att producera minst en effektiv slogan för varje utvĂ€rderad input. ĂndĂ„ finns det utrymme för att förbĂ€ttra metoden, som diskuteras i slutet av avhandlingen
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