Prediction of radiated electromagnetic emissions from PCB traces based on Green dyadics

Because it costs to solve ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems late in the development process, new methods have to predict radiated electromagnetic emissions at the design stage. In the case of complex printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) containing embedded microstrips and a large number of nets, a tradeoff between accuracy and simulation time must be found for this evaluation. In this paper the basic algorithm used within a new emissions predictive analysis tool: ElectroMagnetic Interferences Radiated (EMIR) is presented. It is able to take accurately into account the actual cross section between the metal plane and the air for each PCB trace. It is compared to theoretical formulas for validation. The effects of superstrate (cover) on a dipole radiation are describe

Power quality and electromagnetic compatibility: special report, session 2

The scope of Session 2 (S2) has been defined as follows by the Session Advisory Group and the Technical Committee: Power Quality (PQ), with the more general concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and with some related safety problems in electricity distribution systems. Special focus is put on voltage continuity (supply reliability, problem of outages) and voltage quality (voltage level, flicker, unbalance, harmonics). This session will also look at electromagnetic compatibility (mains frequency to 150 kHz), electromagnetic interferences and electric and magnetic fields issues. Also addressed in this session are electrical safety and immunity concerns (lightning issues, step, touch and transferred voltages). The aim of this special report is to present a synthesis of the present concerns in PQ&EMC, based on all selected papers of session 2 and related papers from other sessions, (152 papers in total). The report is divided in the following 4 blocks: Block 1: Electric and Magnetic Fields, EMC, Earthing systems Block 2: Harmonics Block 3: Voltage Variation Block 4: Power Quality Monitoring Two Round Tables will be organised: - Power quality and EMC in the Future Grid (CIGRE/CIRED WG C4.24, RT 13) - Reliability Benchmarking - why we should do it? What should be done in future? (RT 15

Analysis of broadband microwave conductivity and permittivity measurements of semiconducting materials

We perform broadband phase sensitive measurements of the reflection coefficient from 45 MHz up to 20 GHz employing a vector network analyzer with a 2.4 mm coaxial sensor which is terminated by the sample under test. While the material parameters (conductivity and permittivity) can be easily extracted from the obtained impedance data if the sample is metallic, no direct solution is possible if the material under investigation is an insulator. Focusing on doped semiconductors with largely varying conductivity, here we present a closed calibration and evaluation procedure for frequencies up to 5 GHz, based on the rigorous solution for the electromagnetic field distribution inside the sample combined with the variational principle; basically no limiting assumptions are necessary. A simple static model based on the electric current distribution proves to yield the same frequency dependence of the complex conductivity up to 1 GHz. After a critical discussion we apply the developed method to the hopping transport in Si:P at temperature down to 1 K.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Applied Physic

Casimir Force for Absorbing Media in an Open Quantum System Framework: Scalar Model

In this article we compute the Casimir force between two finite-width mirrors at finite temperature, working in a simplified model in 1+1 dimensions. The mirrors, considered as dissipative media, are modeled by a continuous set of harmonic oscillators which in turn are coupled to an external environment at thermal equilibrium. The calculation of the Casimir force is performed in the framework of the theory of quantum open systems. It is shown that the Casimir interaction has two different contributions: the usual radiation pressure from vacuum, which is obtained for ideal mirrors without dissipation or losses, and a Langevin force associated with the noise induced by the interaction between dielectric atoms in the slabs and the thermal bath. Both contributions to the Casimir force are needed in order to reproduce the analogous of Lifshitz formula in 1+1 dimensions. We also discuss the relation between the electromagnetic properties of the mirrors and the spectral density of the environmentComment: Minor changes, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

A FDTD model for the post-reception synthetic focusing surface penetrating radar with mine detecting applications

Surface penetrating radar (SPR) is extensively used in military, civil, geophysical and archaeological applications. There has been an increasing emphasis on the use of SPR in the identification of buried unexploded ordnance, such as anti-tank mines, antipersonnel mines etc., which can be metallic or plastic in nature. Mine detection methods can be classified as destructive or non-destructive. Non-destructive mine detection methods employ metal detectors, magnetometers, infrared sensors and SPR. However, neither the metal detector nor the magnetometer can differentiate a mine from metallic debris and the infrared sensor merely notes a difference in thermal conductivity. In most battle fields the soil is contaminated by large quantity of shrapnel, metal scraps and cartridge cases which will give a high false alarm rate in the identification process. In this scenario the SPR is a promising technique for identification of both metallic and plastic mines. The use of finite difference time domain (FDTD) model to analyse the SPR, which makes use of post-reception synthetic focusing (PRSF) techniques, is presented