441 research outputs found

    Identification of Handprinting, The

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    Identification of Handprinting, The

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    Communications Biophysics

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    Contains reports on six research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant G-16526)National Institutes of Health (Grant MH-04737-02

    An examination of quantitative methods for Forensic Signature Analysis and the admissibility of signature verification system as legal evidence.

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    The experiments described in this thesis deal with handwriting characteristics which are involved in the production of forged and genuine signatures and complexity of signatures. The objectives of this study were (1) to provide su?cient details on which of the signature characteristics are easier to forge, (2) to investigate the capabilities of the signature complexity formula given by Found et al. based on a different signature database provided by University of Kent. This database includes the writing movements of 10 writers producing their genuine signature and of 140 writers forging these sample signatures. Using the 150 genuine signatures without constrictions of the Kent’s database an evaluation of the complexity formula suggested in Found et al took place divided the signature in three categories low, medium and high graphical complexity. The results of the formula implementation were compared with the opinions of three leading professional forensic document examiners employed by Key Forensics in the UK. The analysis of data for Study I reveals that there is not ample evidence that high quality forgeries are possible after training. In addition, a closer view of the kinematics of the forging writers is responsible for our main conclusion, that forged signatures are widely different from genuine especially in the kinematic domain. From all the parameters used in this study 11 out of 15 experienced significant changes when the comparison of the two groups (genuine versus forged signature) took place and gave a clear picture of which parameters can assist forensic document examiners and can be used by them to examine the signatures forgeries. The movements of the majority of forgers are signi?cantly slower than those of authentic writers. It is also clearly recognizable that the majority of forgers perform higher levels of pressure when trying to forge the genuine signature. The results of Study II although limited and not entirely consistent with the study of Found that proposed this model, indicate that the model can provide valuable objective evidence (regarding complex signatures) in the forensic environment and justify its further investigation but more work is need to be done in order to use this type of models in the court of law. The model was able to predict correctly only 53% of the FDEs opinion regarding the complexity of the signatures. Apart from the above investigations in this study there will be also a reference at the debate which has started in recent years that is challenging the validity of forensic handwriting experts’ skills and at the effort which has begun by interested parties of this sector to validate and standardise the field of forensic handwriting examination and a discussion started. This effort reveals that forensic document analysis field meets all factors which were set by Daubert ruling in terms of theory proven, education, training, certification, falsifiability, error rate, peer review and publication, general acceptance. However innovative methods are needed for the development of forensic document analysis discipline. Most modern and effective solution in order to prevent observational and emotional bias would be the development of an automated handwriting or signature analysis system. This system will have many advantages in real cases scenario. In addition the significant role of computer-assisted handwriting analysis in the daily work of forensic document examiners (FDE) or the judicial system is in agreement with the assessment of the National Research Council of United States that “the scientific basis for handwriting comparison needs to be strengthened”, however it seems that further research is required in order to be able these systems to reach the accomplishment point of this objective and overcome legal obstacles presented in this study

    Analyzing Student Writing: A Multiple Case Study Exploring Kindergarten Teacher Knowledge of Early Writing Development

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    The developmental nature of early writing warrants targeted instruction in writing concepts and skills in kindergarten classrooms. Given the complexity of writing and early writing development, research into kindergarten teacher knowledge of early writing development and how this influences instructional practices is appropriate. To conduct this research, data was collected from an online questionnaire, a semistructured interview, and student writing sample analysis tasks of five kindergarten teachers. Qualitative data analysis was conducted and provided descriptions of individual teachers’ instructional practices for writing and an in-depth description of the proposed teacher-student interactions from the student writing sample analysis tasks. Findings revealed that influences other than knowledge of early writing development exist and impact instructional practices of writing

    The role of exploration and exploitation in design for luxury fashion brands

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    This thesis investigates how exploration and exploitation are expressed through designer activities in design for luxury brands. Exploration and exploitation are more visible in luxury brands than in non-luxury brands. Some of their dimensions are explicit and display exploration and exploitation attributes. The research aims to study designer activities through a managerial lens, a perspective that can magnify how exploration and exploitation are expressed in the design process. The brand’s strategic planning could benefit from understanding how knowledge evolves through the design process and translates into a product. This study follows an exploratory approach based on multiple interviews with luxury fashion and product designers from around the world. The findings propose some insights into the different roles of exploration and exploitation that are expressed through the design process.Esta tese investiga os conceitos de "exploration" e "exploitation", e a forma como estes sĂŁo expressos nas atividades de "design" em marcas de luxo. Tanto a "exploration" como a "exploitation" sĂŁo mais visĂ­veis em marcas de luxo do que a marcas que nĂŁo-luxo, porque algumas das suas dimensĂ”es exibem atributos destes conceitos. Esta investigação teve como objetivo estudar as atividades dos "designers" da perspetiva da GestĂŁo - , uma perspetiva que pode ampliar a forma como a "exploration" e "exploitation" sĂŁo expressos no processo de "design". Compreender melhor a forma como o conhecimento evolui atravĂ©s do processo de "design" e se traduz num produto pode ser de grande benefĂ­cio para o planeamento estratĂ©gico de uma marca. Este estudo seguiu uma abordagem exploratĂłria, baseada em entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com estilistas e "designers" de marcas de luxo de vĂĄrias partes do mundo. Os resultados apresentam algumas perceçÔes sobre os papĂ©is expressos pela e"xploration e "exploitation" ao longo do processo de "design"

    The Rise of iWar: Identity, Information, and the Individualization of Modern Warfare

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    During a decade of global counterterrorism operations and two extended counterinsurgency campaigns, the United States was confronted with a new kind of adversary. Without uniforms, flags, and formations, the task of identifying and targeting these combatants represented an unprecedented operational challenge for which Cold War era doctrinal methods were largely unsuited. This monograph examines the doctrinal, technical, and bureaucratic innovations that evolved in response to these new operational challenges. It discusses the transition from a conventionally focused, Cold War-era targeting process to one optimized for combating networks and conducting identity-based targeting. It analyzes the policy decisions and strategic choices that were the catalysts of this change and concludes with an in depth examination of emerging technologies that are likely to shape how this mode of warfare will be waged in the future.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1436/thumbnail.jp

    BGSU Football Program November 06, 1976

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    Football program: Bowling Green State University vs. Ohio University, Parents Day, November 6, 1976.https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/football_programs/1156/thumbnail.jp

    Index to Session Abstracts

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    A critical review of the current state of forensic science knowledge and its integration in legal systems

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    Forensic science has a significant historical and contemporary relationship with the criminal justice system. It is a relationship between two disciplines whose origins stem from different backgrounds. It is trite that effective communication assist in resolving underlying problems in any given context. However, a lack of communication continues to characterise the intersection between law and science. As recently as 2019, a six-part symposium on the use of forensic science in the criminal justice system again posed the question on how the justice system could ensure the reliability of forensic science evidence presented during trials. As the law demands finality, science is always evolving and can never be considered finite or final. Legal systems do not always adapt to the nature of scientific knowledge, and are not willing to abandon finality when that scientific knowledge shifts. Advocacy plays an important role in the promotion of forensic science, particularly advocacy to the broader scientific community for financial support, much needed research and more testing. However, despite its important function, advocacy should not be conflated with science. The foundation of advocacy is a cause; whereas the foundation of science is fact. The objective of this research was to conduct a qualitative literature review of the field of forensic science; to identify gaps in the knowledge of forensic science and its integration in the criminal justice system. The literature review will provide researchers within the field of forensic science with suggested research topics requiring further examination and research. To achieve its objective, the study critically analysed the historical development of, and evaluated the use of forensic science evidence in legal systems generally, including its role regarding the admissibility or inadmissibility of the evidence in the courtroom. In conclusion, it was determined that the breadth of forensic scientific knowledge is comprehensive but scattered. The foundational underpinning of the four disciplines, discussed in this dissertation, has been put to the legal test on countless occasions. Some gaps still remain that require further research in order to strengthen the foundation of the disciplines. Human influence will always be present in examinations and interpretations and will lean towards subjective decision making.JurisprudenceD. Phil
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