Determination of Underground Structure and Migration of Hot Plumes Contaminating Fresh Water Using Vertical Electrical Survey (VES) and Magnetic Survey, A Case Study of Tattapani Thermal Spring, Azad Kashmir

A geophysical survey was carried out at Tattapani thermal spring Azad Kashmir to delineate structure,thickness, depth, lithology and migration of hot plumes contaminating fresh water. The study area was investigated byVertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using schlumberger array at 21 locations arranged in ten profiles to a maximumdepth of 500 m and 200 magnetic observations. The extension and tectonic setup of thermal spring was mapped bygeoelectrical litho sections, subsurface geological sections (20m, 20-100m and 100-500m) pseudo section, apparentresistivity map, geoelectrical parameters, statistical distribution of apparent resistivity, total magnetic intensity andanomaly map. The data show that Tattapani hot spring is concentrated along the fault line delineated by geoelectricallitho sections and magnetic section with value of -120 nT to -300 nT, total field intensity of 50000-50450 nT andconfirm by macro anisotropy (1.0 to 2.7). The geoelectrical lithological section portrays that study area compriseslithological fabric of dolomite (≥400 ohm.m), sandstone (150-200 ohm.m), clay (80-150 ohm.m), Shaley clay (50-80)and shale (≤ 50). The Thermal Plumes (10-70 ohm.m) were pictured by resistivity section and pseudo section ataverage depth of 30-60 m and showing migration of hot plumes in the North-Eastern direction contaminating freshwater (100-200 ohm.m). The longitudinal conductance (0.95-15 mhos), transverse resistance (20-300 ohm.m2) are seenhaving maximum value in the North-Eastern and North-Western side of the study area. The study also shows that freshground water is mostly concentrated in sandstone (150-200 ohm.m), dolomite (≥400 ohm.m) and lies above the thermalplumes and thus highly prone to contamination due to upwelling of thermal water

New Global Perspectives on Archaeological Prospection

This volume is a product of the 13th International Conference on Archaeological Prospection 2019, which was hosted by the Department of Environmental Science in the Faculty of Science at the Institute of Technology Sligo. The conference is held every two years under the banner of the International Society for Archaeological Prospection and this was the first time that the conference was held in Ireland. New Global Perspectives on Archaeological Prospection draws together over 90 papers addressing archaeological prospection techniques, methodologies and case studies from 33 countries across Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America, reflecting current and global trends in archaeological prospection. At this particular ICAP meeting, specific consideration was given to the development and use of archaeological prospection in Ireland, archaeological feedback for the prospector, applications of prospection technology in the urban environment and the use of legacy data. Papers include novel research areas such as magnetometry near the equator, drone-mounted radar, microgravity assessment of tombs, marine electrical resistivity tomography, convolutional neural networks, data processing, automated interpretive workflows and modelling as well as recent improvements in remote sensing, multispectral imaging and visualisation

Remote Sensing and Geosciences for Archaeology

This book collects more than 20 papers, written by renowned experts and scientists from across the globe, that showcase the state-of-the-art and forefront research in archaeological remote sensing and the use of geoscientific techniques to investigate archaeological records and cultural heritage. Very high resolution satellite images from optical and radar space-borne sensors, airborne multi-spectral images, ground penetrating radar, terrestrial laser scanning, 3D modelling, Geographyc Information Systems (GIS) are among the techniques used in the archaeological studies published in this book. The reader can learn how to use these instruments and sensors, also in combination, to investigate cultural landscapes, discover new sites, reconstruct paleo-landscapes, augment the knowledge of monuments, and assess the condition of heritage at risk. Case studies scattered across Europe, Asia and America are presented: from the World UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa to heritage under threat in the Middle East and North Africa, from coastal heritage in the intertidal flats of the German North Sea to Early and Neolithic settlements in Thessaly. Beginners will learn robust research methodologies and take inspiration; mature scholars will for sure derive inputs for new research and applications

9th Annual Jackson School of Geosciences Student Research Symposium, February 15, 2020

ConocoPhillipsGeological Science

Identifikasi Bawah Permukaan Situs Maelang Dusun Maelang Desa Watukebo Kelurahan Bajulmati Kecamatan Wongsorejo Kabupaten Banyuwangi Dengan Metode Resistivitas 2D

Survey geofisika dengan metode resistivitas 2D dilakukan di kawasan Situs Maelang, Dusun Maelang, Desa Watukebo, Kelurahan Bajulmati, Kecamatan Wongsorejo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Pengukuran dilakukan unttuk memetakan bawah permukaan kawasan Situs Maelang. Selain jejak peninggalannya, nama daerah juga memiliki makna dan penting dalam studi sejarah dan arkeologi. Nama daerah Maelang ini dalam Bahasa Madura memiliki arti sengaja dihilangkan. Identifikasi keberadaan situs arkeologi ini diperkuat dengan ditemukannya sebuah goa yang berbentuk simetris dengan tatanan batu yang rapi dan terdapat relief buaya didepannya. Relief buaya ini berasosiasi dengan nama Kelurahan Bajulmati. Dari hasil pengukuran resistivitas 2D sebanyak 5 lintasan dengan konfigurasi Wenner - Schlumberger dan Dipole - Dipole, terdapat beberapa anomali resistivitas. Pada lintasan 1 dan lintasan 2 terdapat anomali bidang batas atap goa yang tebalnya sekitar 1.85 meter dengan rentang nilai resistivitas 90-210 Ωm, sedangkan pada lintasan 3 dan lintasan 4 terdapat anomali resistivitas bernilai 1418–5820 Ωm. Anomali ini yang diduga adanya ruang dibawah permukaan. Sedangkan pada lintasan 5 anomali batuan penutup goa yang tertutupi tumbuhan jagung teridentifikasi pada kedalaman 0.5 sampai 3 meter. ================================================================================================== Geophysical survey with 2D resistivity method in Malang Sites, a Watukebo Village, Bajulmati Sub district, Wongsorejo District, Banyuwangi City has been done. The purpose of geophysical survey is to know subsurface model of Maelang sites. Besides that the name of the region also has a meaning and importance in the study of history and archeology. The name of Maelang in Madura langoange means deliberately hidden. Identification of the existence of this archaeological sites by the discovered of a big cave with symmetrical building and a crocodile relief in front of it. This crocodile relief is associated with the name of Bajulmati subdistrict. It uses 5 lines of resistivity with Wenner - Schlumberger and Dipole – Dipole array. There are several resistivity anomalies. In the 1st and 2nd there is an anomaly of cave roof boundary, it has a thickness about 1.85 with a resistivity value about 90-210 Ωm, while in 3rd and 4th line there is a resistivity anomaly with a resistivity value about 1418–5820 Ωm. This anomaly is thought to be an empty space below the surface. While on 5th line there is an anomaly of of cave roof boundary was covered by corn plant identified at depth of 1 to 2 meters

Stratigraphic Analysis of Layered Deposits

Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is the science of describing the vertical and lateral relationships of different rock formations formed through time to understand the earth history. These relationships may be based on lithologic properties (named lithostratigraphy), fossil content (labeled biostratigraphy), magnetic properties (called magnetostratigraphy), chemical features (named chemostratigraphy), reflection seismology (named seismic stratigraphy), age relations (called chronostratigraphy). Also, it refers to archaeological deposits called archaeological stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is built on the concept "the present is the key to the past" which was first outlined by James Hutton in the late 1700s and developed by Charles Lyell in the early 1800s. This book focuses particularly on application of geophysical methods in stratigraphic investigations and stratigraphic analysis of layered basin deposits from different geologic settings and present continental areas extending from Mexico region (north America) through Alpine belt including Italy, Greece, Iraq to Russia (northern Asia)

Advances in Petrochemicals

The petrochemical industry is an important area in our pursuits for economic growth, employment generation, and basic needs. It is a huge field that encompasses many commercial petrochemical and polymer-enabled products. The book is designed to help the reader, particularly students and researchers of petroleum science and engineering, to understand synthesis, processing, mechanics, and simulation of the petroleum processes. The selection of topics addressed and the examples, tables, and graphs used to illustrate them are governed, to a large extent, by the fact that this book is aimed primarily at petroleum science and engineering technologists. Undoubtedly, this book contains must read materials for students, engineers, and researchers working in the area of petrochemicals and petroleum and provides valuable insights into the related synthesis, processing, mechanisms, and simulation. This book is concise, self-explanatory, informative, and cost-effective

Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data for Mineral Exploration and Environmental Monitoring of Mined Areas

In recent decades, remote sensing technology has been incorporated in numerous mineral exploration projects in metallogenic provinces around the world. Multispectral and hyperspectral sensors play a significant role in affording unique data for mineral exploration and environmental hazard monitoring. This book covers the advances of remote sensing data processing algorithms in mineral exploration, and the technology can be used in monitoring and decision-making in relation to environmental mining hazard. This book presents state-of-the-art approaches on recent remote sensing and GIS-based mineral prospectivity modeling, offering excellent information to professional earth scientists, researchers, mineral exploration communities and mining companies

Magma plumbing systems: a geophysical perspective

Over the last few decades, significant advances in using geophysical techniques to image the structure of magma plumbing systems have enabled the identification of zones of melt accumulation, crystal mush development, and magma migration. Combining advanced geophysical observations with petrological and geochemical data has arguably revolutionised our understanding of, and afforded exciting new insights into, the development of entire magma plumbing systems. However, divisions between the scales and physical settings over which these geophysical, petrological, and geochemical methods are applied still remain. To characterise some of these differences and promote the benefits of further integration between these methodologies, we provide a review of geophysical techniques and discuss how they can be utilised to provide a structural context for and place physical limits on the chemical evolution of magma plumbing systems. For example, we examine how Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), coupled with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, and seismicity may be used to track magma migration in near real-time. We also discuss how seismic imaging, gravimetry and electromagnetic data can identify contemporary melt zones, magma reservoirs and/or crystal mushes. These techniques complement seismic reflection data and rock magnetic analyses that delimit the structure and emplacement of ancient magma plumbing systems. For each of these techniques, with the addition of full-waveform inversion (FWI), the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and the integration of geophysics with numerical modelling, we discuss potential future directions. We show that approaching problems concerning magma plumbing systems from an integrated petrological, geochemical, and geophysical perspective will undoubtedly yield important scientific advances, providing exciting future opportunities for the volcanological community

Georisks in the Mediterranean and their mitigation

An international scientific conference organised by the Seismic Monitoring and Research Unit, Department of Geoscience, Faculty of Science, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering and Department of Construction and Property Management, Faculty of the Built Environment, University of Malta.Part of the SIMIT project: Integrated civil protection system for the Italo-Maltese cross-border area. Italia-Malta Programme – Cohesion Policy 2007-2013This conference is one of the activities organised within the SIMIT strategic project (Integrated Cross-Border Italo-Maltese System of Civil Protection), Italia-Malta Operational Programme 2007 – 2013. SIMIT aims to establish a system of collaboration in Civil Protection procedures and data management between Sicilian and Maltese partners, so as to guarantee the safety and protection of the citizens and infrastructure of the cross-border area. It is led by the Department of Civil Protection of the Sicilian region, and has as other partners the Department of Civil Protection of Malta and the Universities of Palermo, Catania and Malta. SIMIT was launched in March 2013, and will come to a close in October 2015. Ever since the initial formulation of the project, it has been recognised that a state of national preparedness and correct strategies in the face of natural hazards cannot be truly effective without a sound scientific knowledge of the hazards and related risks. The University of Malta, together with colleagues from other Universities in the project, has been contributing mostly to the gathering and application of scientific knowledge, both in earthquake hazard as well as in building vulnerability. The issue of seismic hazard in the cross-border region has been identified as deserving foremost importance. South-East Sicily in particular has suffered on more than one occasion the effects of large devastating earthquakes. Malta, although fortunately more removed from the sources of such large earthquakes, has not been completely spared of their damaging effects. The drastic increase in the building density over recent decades has raised the level of awareness and concern of citizens and authorities about our vulnerability. These considerations have spurred scientists from the cross-border region to work together towards a deeper understanding of the underlying causes and nature of seismic and associated hazards, such as landslide and tsunami. The SIMIT project has provided us with the means of improving earthquake surveillance and analysis in the Sicily Channel and further afield in the Mediterranean, as well as with facilities to study the behaviour of our rocks and buildings during earthquake shaking. The role of the civil engineering community in this endeavour cannot be overstated, and this is reflected in the incorporation, from the beginning, of the civil engineering component in the SIMIT project. Constructing safer buildings is now accepted to be the major option towards human loss mitigation during strong earthquakes, and this project has provided us with a welcome opportunity for interaction between the two disciplines. Finally the role of the Civil Protection authorities must occupy a central position, as we recognize the importance of their prevention, coordination and intervention efforts, aided by the input of the scientific community. This conference brings together a diversity of geoscientists and engineers whose collaboration is the only way forward to tackling issues and strategies for risk mitigation. Moreover we welcome the contribution of participants from farther afield than the Central Mediterranean, so that their varied experience may enhance our efforts. We are proud to host the conference in the historic city of Valletta, in the heart of the Mediterranean, which also serves as a constant reminder of the responsibility of all regions to protect and conserve our collective heritage.peer-reviewe