324 research outputs found

    Actual and Imagined Movement in BCI Gaming

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    Most research on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) focuses\ud on developing ways of expression for disabled people who are\ud not able to communicate through other means. Recently it has been\ud shown that BCI can also be used in games to give users a richer experience\ud and new ways to interact with a computer or game console.\ud This paper describes research conducted to find out what the differences\ud are between using actual and imagined movement as modalities\ud in a BCI game. Results show that there are significant differences\ud in user experience and that actual movement is a more robust way of\ud communicating through a BCI

    How much control is enough? Optimizing fun with unreliable input

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    Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) provide a valuable new input modality within human- computer interaction systems, but like other body-based inputs, the system recognition of input commands is far from perfect. This raises important questions, such as: What level of control should such an interface be able to provide? What is the relationship between actual and perceived control? And in the case of applications for entertainment in which fun is an important part of user experience, should we even aim for perfect control, or is the optimum elsewhere? In this experiment the user plays a simple game in which a hamster has to be guided to the exit of a maze, in which the amount of control the user has over the hamster is varied. The variation of control through confusion matrices makes it possible to simulate the experience of using a BCI, while using the traditional keyboard for input. After each session the user ïżœlled out a short questionnaire on fun and perceived control. Analysis of the data showed that the perceived control of the user could largely be explained by the amount of control in the respective session. As expected, user frustration decreases with increasing control. Moreover, the results indicate that the relation between fun and control is not linear. Although in the beginning fun does increase with improved control, the level of fun drops again just before perfect control is reached. This poses new insights for developers of games wanting to incorporate some form of BCI in their game: for creating a fun game, unreliable input can be used to create a challenge for the user

    Bacteria Hunt: Evaluating multi-paradigm BCI interaction

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    The multimodal, multi-paradigm brain-computer interfacing (BCI) game Bacteria Hunt was used to evaluate two aspects of BCI interaction in a gaming context. One goal was to examine the effect of feedback on the ability of the user to manipulate his mental state of relaxation. This was done by having one condition in which the subject played the game with real feedback, and another with sham feedback. The feedback did not seem to affect the game experience (such as sense of control and tension) or the objective indicators of relaxation, alpha activity and heart rate. The results are discussed with regard to clinical neurofeedback studies. The second goal was to look into possible interactions between the two BCI paradigms used in the game: steady-state visually-evoked potentials (SSVEP) as an indicator of concentration, and alpha activity as a measure of relaxation. SSVEP stimulation activates the cortex and can thus block the alpha rhythm. Despite this effect, subjects were able to keep their alpha power up, in compliance with the instructed relaxation task. In addition to the main goals, a new SSVEP detection algorithm was developed and evaluated

    User Experience Evaluation in BCI:Mind the Gap!

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    Generally brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are evaluated based on the assumption that the user is trying to perform a specific task in the most efficient way. BCI for entertainment yields interesting applications for both patients and healthy users. Then the purpose is to create positive experiences that enrich our lives. To evaluate such systems, the user experience needs to be taken into account to understand how a system can satisfy these needs. This paper points at the gap in user experience evaluation currently in BCI research, and shows how user experience evaluation could benefit BCI, through increased user acceptance, enjoyment, BCI task performance, enhanced human-computer interaction, and improved selection of suitable mental tasks in a given context

    Serious gaming supporting competence development in sustainable manufacturing

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    Becoming a sustainable global manufacturing enterprise is a challenge for almost every manufacturing organization in the world because of its multidimensional nature. Sustainability combines environmental, economic, and social dimensions and is considered to be a complex and hard to learn subject needing a lot of experience and competences. Traditional ways to create such experience and develop competences like role playing and simulations tend to take a lot of time and are expensive. On the other hand, serious gaming has proven to support learners in acquiring new and complex knowledge and is ideally suited to support problem based learning by creating engaging experiences around a contextual problem where users must apply competences to solve these presented challenges. This chapter introduces a new learning environment which is build around a gaming engine supporting the development of competences in specific subject areas. Selected competences in sustainable global manufacturing lead to the definition of scenarios, which then can be executed by a game engine, thus creating experience within the user. A knowledge ecology space allows the user to interact and reflect on learning outcomes with other participants. The subject of sustainable global manufacturing is the application case presented in this chapter showing how specific competences in this area have been identified and how a game scenario has been developed. Finally, its implementation and evaluation is discussed

    Thought-controlled games with brain-computer interfaces

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    Nowadays, EEG based BCI systems are starting to gain ground in games for health research. With reduced costs and promising an innovative and exciting new interaction paradigm, attracted developers and researchers to use them on video games for serious applications. However, with researchers focusing mostly on the signal processing part, the interaction aspect of the BCIs has been neglected. A gap between classification performance and online control quality for BCI based systems has been created by this research disparity, resulting in suboptimal interactions that lead to user fatigue and loss of motivation over time. Motor-Imagery (MI) based BCIs interaction paradigms can provide an alternative way to overcome motor-related disabilities, and is being deployed in the health environment to promote the functional and structural plasticity of the brain. A BCI system in a neurorehabilitation environment, should not only have a high classification performance, but should also provoke a high level of engagement and sense of control to the user, for it to be advantageous. It should also maximize the level of control on user’s actions, while not requiring them to be subject to long training periods on each specific BCI system. This thesis has two main contributions, the Adaptive Performance Engine, a system we developed that can provide up to 20% improvement to user specific performance, and NeuRow, an immersive Virtual Reality environment for motor neurorehabilitation that consists of a closed neurofeedback interaction loop based on MI and multimodal feedback while using a state-of-the-art Head Mounted Display.Hoje em dia, os sistemas BCI baseados em EEG estĂŁo a começar a ganhar terreno em jogos relacionados com a saĂșde. Com custos reduzidos e prometendo um novo e inovador paradigma de interação, atraiu programadores e investigadores para usĂĄ-los em vĂ­deo jogos para aplicaçÔes sĂ©rias. No entanto, com os investigadores focados principalmente na parte do processamento de sinal, o aspeto de interação dos BCI foi negligenciado. Um fosso entre o desempenho da classificação e a qualidade do controle on-line para sistemas baseados em BCI foi criado por esta disparidade de pesquisa, resultando em interaçÔes subĂłtimas que levam Ă  fadiga do usuĂĄrio e Ă  perda de motivação ao longo do tempo. Os paradigmas de interação BCI baseados em imagĂ©tica motora (IM) podem fornecer uma maneira alternativa de superar incapacidades motoras, e estĂŁo sendo implementados no sector da saĂșde para promover plasticidade cerebral funcional e estrutural. Um sistema BCI usado num ambiente de neuro-reabilitação, para que seja vantajoso, nĂŁo sĂł deve ter um alto desempenho de classificação, mas tambĂ©m deve promover um elevado nĂ­vel de envolvimento e sensação de controlo ao utilizador. TambĂ©m deve maximizar o nĂ­vel de controlo nas açÔes do utilizador, sem exigir que sejam submetidos a longos perĂ­odos de treino em cada sistema BCI especĂ­fico. Esta tese tem duas contribuiçÔes principais, o Adaptive Performance Engine, um sistema que desenvolvemos e que pode fornecer atĂ© 20% de melhoria para o desempenho especĂ­fico do usuĂĄrio, e NeuRow, um ambiente imersivo de Realidade Virtual para neuro-reabilitação motora, que consiste num circuito fechado de interação de neuro-feedback baseado em IM e feedback multimodal e usando um Head Mounted Display de Ășltima geração

    User-Centred BCI Videogame Design

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    International audienceThis chapter aims to offer a user-centred methodological framework to guide the design and evaluation of Brain-Computer Interface videogames. This framework is based on the contributions of ergonomics to ensure these games are well suited for their users (i.e., players). It provides methods, criteria and metrics to complete the different phases required by ae human-centred design process. This aims to understand the context of use, specify the user needs and evaluate the solutions in order to define design choices. Several ergonomic methods (e.g., interviews, longitudinal studies, user based testing), objective metrics (e.g., task success, number of errors) and subjective metrics (e.g., mark assigned to an item) are suggested to define and measure the usefulness, usability, acceptability, hedonic qualities, appealingness, emotions related to user experience, immersion and presence to be respected. The benefits and contributions of the user centred framework for the ergonomic design of these Brain-Computer Interface Videogames are discussed

    Experiencing BCI control in a popular computer game

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    Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are not only being developed to aid disabled individuals with motor substitution, motor recovery, and novel communication possibilities, but also as a modality for healthy users in entertainment and gaming. This study investigates whether the incorporation of a BCI in the popular game World of Warcraft (WoW) has effects on the user experience. A BCI control channel based on parietal alpha band power is used to control the shape and function of the avatar in the game. In the experiment, participants , a mix of experienced and inexperienced WoW players, played with and without the use of BCI in a within-subjects design. Participants themselves could indicate when they wanted to stop playing. Actual and estimated duration was recorded and questionnaires on presence and control were administered. Afterwards, oral interviews were taken. No difference in actual duration was found between conditions. Results indicate that the difference between estimated and actual duration was not related to user experience but was person specific. When using a BCI, control and involvement were rated lower. But BCI control did not significantly decrease fun. During interviews, experienced players stated that they saw potential in the application of BCIs in games with complex interfaces such as WoW. This study suggests that BCI as an additional control can be as much fun and natural to use as keyboard/mouse control, even if the amount of control is limited
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