29,878 research outputs found
Punny Captions: Witty Wordplay in Image Descriptions
Wit is a form of rich interaction that is often grounded in a specific
situation (e.g., a comment in response to an event). In this work, we attempt
to build computational models that can produce witty descriptions for a given
image. Inspired by a cognitive account of humor appreciation, we employ
linguistic wordplay, specifically puns, in image descriptions. We develop two
approaches which involve retrieving witty descriptions for a given image from a
large corpus of sentences, or generating them via an encoder-decoder neural
network architecture. We compare our approach against meaningful baseline
approaches via human studies and show substantial improvements. We find that
when a human is subject to similar constraints as the model regarding word
usage and style, people vote the image descriptions generated by our model to
be slightly wittier than human-written witty descriptions. Unsurprisingly,
humans are almost always wittier than the model when they are free to choose
the vocabulary, style, etc.Comment: NAACL 2018 (11 pages
Survey of the State of the Art in Natural Language Generation: Core tasks, applications and evaluation
This paper surveys the current state of the art in Natural Language
Generation (NLG), defined as the task of generating text or speech from
non-linguistic input. A survey of NLG is timely in view of the changes that the
field has undergone over the past decade or so, especially in relation to new
(usually data-driven) methods, as well as new applications of NLG technology.
This survey therefore aims to (a) give an up-to-date synthesis of research on
the core tasks in NLG and the architectures adopted in which such tasks are
organised; (b) highlight a number of relatively recent research topics that
have arisen partly as a result of growing synergies between NLG and other areas
of artificial intelligence; (c) draw attention to the challenges in NLG
evaluation, relating them to similar challenges faced in other areas of Natural
Language Processing, with an emphasis on different evaluation methods and the
relationships between them.Comment: Published in Journal of AI Research (JAIR), volume 61, pp 75-170. 118
pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Adversarial Training in Affective Computing and Sentiment Analysis: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Over the past few years, adversarial training has become an extremely active
research topic and has been successfully applied to various Artificial
Intelligence (AI) domains. As a potentially crucial technique for the
development of the next generation of emotional AI systems, we herein provide a
comprehensive overview of the application of adversarial training to affective
computing and sentiment analysis. Various representative adversarial training
algorithms are explained and discussed accordingly, aimed at tackling diverse
challenges associated with emotional AI systems. Further, we highlight a range
of potential future research directions. We expect that this overview will help
facilitate the development of adversarial training for affective computing and
sentiment analysis in both the academic and industrial communities
The Black Frontier
As a nationalistic concept, frontier refers to America\u27s westward expansion, which was propelled in the nineteenth century by Manifest Destiny. Culturally, frontier promises even more: the creation of communities, the development of markets and states, the merging of peoples and cultures, and the promise of survival and persistence based on values of equality and democracy. Thousands of people left their homes in the East to pursue these ideals, including large communities of African Americans. However, African Americans, like many other cultural groups who moved westward, encountered struggles when they reached the new frontier. In some cases, they faced the same problems they left the East to escape. As new frontier territories and states were founded, new regional policies on slavery were also created. When the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) ceded the territories of California and New Mexico to the United States, it outlawed slavery in the new territories. California entered the Union in 1850 as an officially free state. Before the Civil War, about one thousand slaves lived in California, which despite its status as a free state remained inconsistent in defining its anti-slavery laws. The state continued to label as property both fugitive slaves and those who entered the state with their masters before 1850. As a result, de facto slavery continued in California. The state had the largest number of bondservants west of Texas, working in fields and households
Minding the aesthetic: The place of the literary in education and research.
The article discusses the significance of aesthetic as a mode of cognition and means of social cohesion. It notes the relation of aesthetic knowledge with the perception or intuition, the emergence of such awareness into something durable and the response to the embodiment. It describes the evolution of aesthetic delight in the human species, the sense of sense of beauty arising on one's realization of the formal qualities of something, through the poem presented by the author on achievement
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Empowering Expression for Users with Aphasia through Constrained Creativity
Creative activities allow people to express themselves in rich, nuanced ways. However, being creative does not always come easily. For example, people with speech and language impairments, such as aphasia, face challenges in creative activities that involve language. In this paper, we explore the concept of constrained creativity as a way of addressing this challenge and enabling creative writing. We report an app, MakeWrite, that supports the constrained creation of digital texts through automated redaction. The app was co-designed with and for people with aphasia and was subsequently explored in a workshop with a group of people with aphasia. Participants were not only successful in crafting novel language, but, importantly, self-reported that the app was crucial in enabling them to do so. We refect on the potential of technology-supported constrained creativity as a means of empowering expression amongst users with diverse needs
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