Call Me BIG PAPA: An Extension of Mason’s Information Ethics Framework to Big Data

In 1986, Richard Mason proposed the PAPA framework to address four ethical issues society would likely face in the information age: privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility. In this paper, we propose an extension to the PAPA framework by appending three additional issues relevant to information ethics in the big data era. First, we outline the four components of Mason’s original PAPA. Second, we briefly review the major technological changes that have occurred since Mason proposed his framework. Third, we outline concepts relevant to the big data context. Fourth, we propose and discuss our extension by appending three ethical issues related to behavioral surveillance, interpretation, and governance to Mason’s original PAPA framework, forming BIG PAPA. Lastly, we discuss how these issues impact practice and how they can inform future research

Ethics in the Cloud

For the past several decades, information communication technologies (ICTs) have been changing the way we create, share, and keep our records and data. How are we adapting? Today, individuals and organizations are increasingly creating, sharing, and storing information of all kinds in the cloud, some of them with the same expectations of privacy, access, intellectual rights, and control they have when storing it in in-house systems, either digital or analog. Such expectations provoke outrage when it is discovered that behavior in the cloud is not guided by long-established ethical rules guiding information creation, sharing, and use, but needs to be controlled by legal contracts and enforced by laws, many of which are ill-equipped to cope with the affordances of new technologies. Ethical expectations and guidelines that have been socially situated in a print culture developed over centuries are suddenly thrown into debate by technologies that may change yearly. What is the nature of information ethics in the digital era? In the context of the cloud environment, the ideas of privacy, access, intellectual rights, ownership, and control need to be reinterpreted and given new meaning. But ethical considerations concerning presentation of information through traditional channels of communication do not translate seamlessly to online communities. Information ethics, generally understood to be a branch of applied ethics, has developed to address the main ethical issues with information communication technologies – privacy, accuracy, property or ownership, and accessibility. These are considered within contexts of responsibility and trust. This article explores the landscape of emerging ethical issues related to the creation, use, and maintenance of digital materials in cloud computing platforms in the course of our business and personal activities

Blood diamonds: an analysis of the state of affairs and the effectiveness of the Kimberley Process

In an era when corporate responsibility and sustainability are gaining momentum, and growing access to information and communication has empowered consumers to make more socially responsible purchasing decisions, the diamond industry remains opaque. The Kimberley Process was established to monitor the rough diamond trade with the objective of stemming the flow of conflict diamonds. The definition of conflict diamonds, however, often excludes human rights abuses, which has led to mounting criticism. The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence, magnitude, and scope of ethical issues affecting sourcing conditions in the diamond industry. The research found that ethical issues were reported in the diamond industries of several African nations, with Angola topping the list. Child labour and slavery are the most prevalent human rights abuses. In 2017, one in five diamonds in terms of volume and one in ten diamonds in terms of value may have been produced under conditions that cannot be regarded as sustainable or ethical

How Public Is the Internet? A Conversation on the Nature of Human Interactions On-line and the Implications for Research Methods

In the past decade, ???virtual??? research???empirical investigations conducted via the Internet???has increased dramatically across a variety of disparate disciplines. Areas such as cybersecurity and encryption, digital government and citizenship, consumer health informatics, and user behavior in online spaces have emerged to become signature iSchool research areas, often shared with particular disciplinary heritages (e.g., computer science, political science and communication, public health, and sociology???respectively, but not exclusively). In addition, the field of Information Science is dominated by research developing or using emerging technologies. These new technologies often occupy a gray area in which ethical issues either have not been sufficiently well-defined or push against existing definitions. Questions surrounding the ???public??? nature of the internet and Web 2.0-era information technologies have also emerged and have become increasingly urgent given the tightening of federal, state and University regulations as they relate to the protection of human subjects. At the convergence of multiple disciplinary and methodological perspectives, Information Science researchers are well-positioned to become more active participants in both scholarly and institutional conversations regarding the appropriate risks and benefits that participants in online research studies might be subject to. Critiques of IRB inconsistencies exist, what we need is a thoughtful and thorough community response to the innately complex nature of virtual research and a map which can guide us towards the future and the study of twenty-first century systems, selves and societies. Our goal for this wildcard event, is to generate a lively and rigorous debate which accomplishes the following three goals: 1) extends the dialogue within the Information Science field concerning the beneficence and respect for participants in online research; 2) enumerates a set of best practices for iSchool researchers in relation to conducting approved research on-line and; 3) moves us towards the process of drafting an iSchool set of ethical guidelines related to virtual research

Ethical issues and GenomEUtwin

The post-genomic era is witnessing a proliferation of large-scale and population based genetic and genomic research projects. Many countries have or are establishing research biobanks and, as with GenomEUtwin, there is great interest in building multinational projects that link genotypic and phenotypic information from different centers. Clearly, the conduct of these projects raises multiple ethical issues, and the knowledge generated will continually recast the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of such research. Maximising the scientific profit from this work while minimizing the risks to the participants requires full integration of ethics components into the structure and functioning of these projects. GenomEUtwin is organized around five intellectual cores, including an Ethics Core which operates across the entire project. This paper describes the role of the Ethics Core and presents an overview of the guidelines on which the principles followed in GenomEUtwin are based. We outline the major ethical concerns of our project and highlight complexities arising from diverse national legislations. Finally, the role of empirically based ethics research is discussed for understanding the ethical, legal, social and economic implications of human genetics and genomics research

Getting a Head Start: The Importance of Personal Genetics Education in High Schools

With advances in sequencing technology, widespread and affordable genome sequencing will soon be a reality. However, studies suggest that “genetic literacy” of the general public is inadequate to prepare our society for this unprecedented access to our genetic information. As the current generation of high school students will come of age in an era when personal genetic information is increasingly utilized in health care, it is of vital importance to ensure these students understand the genetic concepts necessary to make informed medical decisions. These concepts include not only basic scientific knowledge, but also considerations of the ethical, legal, and social issues that will arise in the age of personal genomics. In this article, we review the current state of genetics education, highlight issues that we believe need to be addressed in a comprehensive genetics education curriculum, and describe our education efforts at the Harvard Medical School-based Personal Genetics Education Project

EMPAN PAPAN: ETIKA KOMUNIKASI DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA JAWA

Communication ethics is still a problem in the public domain, especially on social media. There were several viral cases on the internet due to ethical issues in communicating on social media lately. The bias of social media space as private space which is consumed publicly has caused ethical problems in the field of communication. This ethical problem needs to be overcome by educating society about communication ethics in the public sphere, especially on social media. This study aims to describe the concept of empan papan as one of the key concepts in Javanese communication ethics. Based on literature studies combined with hermeneutic analysis, the results show that empan papan can be an alternative communication ethics in the era of information technology. Empan papan is the concept of Javanese situational communication ethics which emphasizes communication on five principles, namely the principle of self-placement, the principle of truth, the principle of accuracy, the principle of situation, and the principle of conditions. This study recommends the need to educate society about the use of communication ethics on board leaders in social media

Student Journalists and Mass Communication Ethics – Attitudes and Pedagogy

Today’s student journalists are creating work in an era of rapidly changing technology. Many of them have readership or viewership numbering in the thousands, and what they write and broadcast has an effect on people. While most professional journalists have studied ethics in school or discussed the subject in the workplace, many student journalists have not even had one ethics class. Many of them are seeking guidance as they grapple with ethical issues. This research studied 214 student journalists from every region in the United States through a survey of their attitudes towards ethical situations. The study discovered how they viewed situations that are forbidden in the Society of Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics, as well as additional situations that are considered unethical in some circumstances by professionals. This study points out that students practicing journalism need a complete portfolio of ethics theory and experiences to make the best possible ethical decisions. It is hoped that this information can be used to design effective ethics pedagogy for student journalists, ranging from informal discussions in their work on student media, to academic courses in mass communication or journalism ethics

Implikasi Etika dalam Profil dan Strategi Penipuan Online dalam Transaksi e-Commerce di Ranah Cybercrime

. In today's rapidly evolving digital era, e-commerce has emerged as a cornerstone of global trade. However, the proliferation of online fraud incidents has given rise to significant ethical concerns. This study delves into the ethical ramifications of online fraud profiles and tactics within the cybercrime domain, particularly their impact on the e-commerce ecosystem. Ethical considerations play a pivotal role in shaping behavior within e-commerce, safeguarding consumers, and guiding the formulation of effective policies by both e-commerce entities and governments. This research scrutinizes the phenomenon of online fraud in e-commerce transactions through a survey involving two respondent groups: Information Systems students at ITS and students from other departments. The survey results reveal that online fraud inflicts substantial emotional distress on victims, including feelings of panic, anger, and sadness. Financial losses and the potential exposure of sensitive data are prevalent repercussions of online fraud, eroding consumer trust and prompting questions about the ethical conduct of fraudsters. To address these issues, recommendations encompass heightened awareness of online fraud risks, increased transparency among e-commerce sellers, streamlining fraud reporting procedures, and a commitment to upholding higher standards of business ethics. The overarching objective is to foster a more ethical, secure, and sustainable e-commerce environment. In summary, this research offers comprehensive insights into how respondents perceive and experience online fraud in Indonesian e-commerce transactions, providing valuable guidance for more effective mitigation