Modular design: Product design opportunities and a case analysis

In recent decades, modular design has been fully developed due to its important role in the current industrial evolution. The numerous advantages offered by its application to product design has made companies from different sectors opt for its use to solve particular needs. Many authors have studied modular design from a theoretical viewpoint, but it is necessary to learn about its application by studying real cases that allow us to understand what the object of its application is, the different methods used to obtain modular products and the results obtained in each case. Accordingly, we can know modular design’s most characteristic features and benefits, the business of its application, what its evolution has been, and what path it is currently on as part of the current industrial evolution. To do this, a case study research is carried out, which is divided into two parts. The first consists of a bibliographic review that focused on the main authors who studied modular design and documented real cases of its application, especially at the beginning of modular design in industry. The second focused on investigating the current cases that have not been previously documented, which shows how modular design is currently applied and how it evolves

Questioning the Innovation of Complex Products and Systems with a Case Study of the Boeing 737 Airplane

Complex Products and Systems (CoPS) is an established category of products that are recognized to be underserved in the area of innovation. CoPS tend to be highly costly projects that are characterized by difficult development uncertainties and low rates of production. As a result traditional innovation theories are not seen to be easily applicable particularly as manufacturers of CoPS can tend to struggle with accomplishing dominant designs and enjoying the downstream fruits of product maturity such as commoditization. To further investigate this concern, a case study is performed on the Boeing B737 airplane which is the most successful selling commercial jet airplane series in history. The amazing part of the story is that it has been able to do this and maintain competitive parity in the face of competition from the Airbus A320 airplane which has a design origin close to 20 years ahead of the B737. To perform this study, a review of innovation theory, particularly Disruptive Innovation, is done together with the concept of product platforms and product families. The results show that the challenge of CoPS can in fact be potentially overcome by employing an appropriate strategy of product platforms and continuous upgrading of product architecture

Ultrafine Particles - Air Quality and Climate: European Federation of Clean Air and Environmental Protection Associations (EFCA) International Symposium, Brussels, Belgium, July 5 and 6, 2022 - Proceedings

Ultrafine particles (UFP), the nano fraction of airborne particulate matter, are considered to be causing serious health problems and environmental effects. Combustion is a major source, also by producing volatile organic pollutants which are converted in the atmosphere through photochemical reactions. Increasing applications of man-made nanomaterials add to the problem, e.g. after incineration at the end of their lifetime. A further interest in UFP’s results from their specific role in atmospheric processes such as cloud formation and precipitation and, in fact, in climate. The relation between UFP and human health and that of UFP and climate are both areas of active research and cross-links between these fields are found nowadays. The subtitle of the conference series: “air quality and climate” reflects this development. Present policies to decrease exposure to particulate matter make use of the mass-based metrics PM10/PM2.5, which do not properly represent all risks for human health. EFCA is, therefore, in favour of the development of a fraction-by-fraction approach on particulate matter, both with respect to size and chemical composition. It already recommended European policymakers the introduction of Black Carbon Particles as additional metric in the Air Quality Directive. EFCA‘s 8th Ultrafine Particles Symposium 2022 featured the most recent scientific progress in the field and so contribute to policy-relevant developments which improve the dialogue with policymakers in Europe. The Symposium has gained visibility by permanently moving to Brussels and attracts an effective mix of EU representatives and scientists. EFCA and KIT, together with GUS and CEEES are pleased to organize this event again

Kleemann's marketing plan in the UK

Διπλωματική εργασία -- Πανεπιστήμιο Μακεδονίας, Θεσσαλονίκη,2019.Η διπλωματική αυτή εργασία αφορά,το τί χρειάζεται να λάβει υπόψη ένας επιχειρηματίας ή ένα ανώτατο στέλεχος μιας εξαγωγικής εταιρίας (εν προκειμένω της Kleemann) για να μπορέσει να 'στηθεί' και να λειτουργήσει αποτελεσματικά στην άκρως ανταγωνιστική αγορά του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου

Berlin goes international

BERLIN GOES INTERNATIONAL Berlin to go (Rights reserved) (-) Issue2019,4 Future frame of mind (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2019,3 25 Years of Capital City Marketing (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2019,2 Berlin international (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2019,1 Artificial Intelligence (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2018,4 We're Changing Berlin (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2018,3 Masters and Chefs (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2018,2 Ready, set, win (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2018,1 Green Capital (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2017,4 The Sky is the limit (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2017,3 Brainwaves - Innovation from Berlin (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2017,2 City of freedom (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2017,1 Digital Lab Berlin (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2016,2 Berlin goes international (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2016,1 Why Berlin? (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2015,2 Health capital (Rights reserved) ( - ) Issue2015,1 Smart city (Rights reserved) ( -

Low-Fare Flights Across the Atlantic: Impact of Low-Cost, Long-Haul, Trans-Atlantic Flights on Passenger Choice of Carrier

Full-service carriers (FSCs) have long ruled the trans-Atlantic market, due to the absence of low fare competition, which has kept airfares high. However, renewed interest in lowcost, long-haul (LCLH) flights was prompted by efficient aircraft, low fuel prices, liberalization of air markets, and low-cost carriers’ growth opportunities. Since 2013, multiple LCLH carriers have commenced trans-Atlantic operations, and their market share has grown to 8%. In response, FSCs are establishing their own LCLH subsidiaries and/or introducing basic economy airfares to more effectively compete in the trans-Atlantic market. The purpose of this dissertation was to further the understanding of LCLH and FSC passengers in the trans-Atlantic market by determining what demographics and airline service attributes affected their choice of carrier type, and also what impacted their willingness to switch carrier type and the amount they were willing to pay to do so. A total of 1,412 trans-Atlantic economy and premium economy passengers were surveyed at Los Angeles (LAX) and Seattle–Tacoma (SEA) Airports, which included those who had flown an LCLH (n = 787) or an FSC (n = 625). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to develop a factor structure for passenger travel experience attributes, which were identified as: Operations, Comfort, Onboarding, Service, and Flight Schedule, along with a variable, Airfare. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the variables/factors that affected passenger choice of LCLH or FSC. Younger passengers preferred LCLH carriers, whereas older passengers preferred FSCs. Airfare was the most important predictor of choice of carrier type, followed by Comfort, Service, and Flight Schedule. Satisfaction with Airfare and Comfort were associated with choice of an LCLH carrier, whereas satisfaction with Service and Flight Schedule were associated with choice of an FSC. Willingness to switch from an LCLH to an FSC was evaluated, with 55% of respondents indicating they would remain loyal, and 45% of them being willing to switch to an FSC. Decision tree analyses were utilized to show the relationships between variables/factors that were relevant for passenger switching decisions. The variables/factors that affected an LCLH passenger’s willingness to switch to an FSC were: Airfare, Income, Education, Age, Gender, Comfort, and Operations. Binary logistic regression was utilized to determine that Age, Education, and Cabin Class affected willingness to pay more to switch to an FSC. Willingness to switch from an FSC to an LCLH was evaluated, with 76% of respondents indicating they would remain loyal, and 24% being willing to switch to an LCLH carrier; with a decision tree showing that Gender, Service, Airfare, and Onboarding affected this decision. Binary logistic regression was utilized to determine that Airfare, Nonstop Flights, and Courtesy and Responsiveness affected willingness to pay less to switch to an LCLH carrier. This research has demonstrated that often overlooked aspects of air travel, such as comfort and service, are vitally important to long-haul passengers. Furthermore, both LCLH and FSCs have a place in the trans-Atlantic market, as some passengers prefer a no frills LCLH offering; whereas other passengers prefer an all-inclusive FSC offering

The effect of increasing the thickness of the ship’s structural members on the Generalised Life Cycle Maintenance Cost (GLCMC)

In the context of the EU funded IMPROVE project, the research work of a Generalised Life Cycle Maintenance Cost (GLCMC) was initiated in order to investigate the influence of a weight oriented ship structural design on its production and operational characteristics. Following this, an increase in the structural scantlings of the ship was examined following the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) for double hull oil tankers. A case study for a Chemical tanker is shown considering an addition in its bottom plate thickness and three different cases of mean annual corrosion rates applied. A comparison regarding the “Gross gains”, “Gross expenses” and “Net gains” for this ship is also presented. Moreover, an evaluation of the extra cost for the additional steel weight used is shown together with the outcome on the repair-free operation of the ship for different additional plate thickness. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out for the most likely case (“Case 2”) and the variation of different amount of days spent in the ship repair yard