86 research outputs found
Advances in applications of non-destructive testing (NDT): a review
Manufacturing defects and discontinuities in a product are anomalies which can lead to severe damages which may sometimes involve loss of life. These defects must be examined and corrected before the product goes into service. There are two methods of testing a product for defects and discontinuities viz. Destructive Testing and Non-Destructive Testing. Destructive Testing entails subjecting the product to conditions that leads to failure of the product whereas Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is the process of examining the products for defects in a way in which it retains its usefulness for future service. This paper discusses various methods involved in NDT such as Visual Testing, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Penetrant Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Radiographic Testing, Acoustic Emission and Eddy Current Testing with a major focus on advances in the applications of NDT
Візуальний огляд і ручні перевірки для визначення стану літака та його компонентів
Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 27.05.2021 р. №311/од "Про розміщення кваліфікаційних робіт вищої освіти в репозиторії НАУ". Керівник дипломної роботи: доцент кафедри авіоніки, Кожохіна Олена ВолодимирівнаUnder the influence of the growth of competition in the segment of
aviation equipment, certain quantitative and qualitative changes in its production and
restoration are constantly taking place. The degree of automation and computerization of
the production process is constantly increasing due to the wider use of automatic lines,
manipulators and installations, complex and high-precision equipment, and the
introduction of regulation of technological processes with the help of computers. The
importance of maintenance and repair processes to maintain the operational condition of
aircraft is increasing, since its downtime due to a malfunction significantly worsens the
economic indicators of operation.
Aviation companies cannot underestimate the importance of aircraft maintenance.
Regardless of the size of the aircraft, maintenance activities should be carried out
regularly. These activities include aircraft inspection, restoration work, and aircraft repair.
Different aircraft will require maintenance at different intervals.
Safety is the highest priority for everyone involved in aviation. Over 80% (plus) of
accidents are caused by human error. These human errors are not made on purpose. Many
of these mistakes are made by the best and most conscientious employees. Thus,
something had to interfere with the work and/or judgment of that "person" for the error to
occur.
Safety for everyone is the most obvious reason for airline service. Airplanes are
made up of different parts and it's very complicated. Therefore, maintenance, repair, and
overhaul/operation are critical to the safety of people and aircraft.
Aircraft maintenance can extend the life of the aircraft. A comprehensive approach
to maintenance minimizes maintenance time over the life of the aircraft. It provides an
overview of the cycles required to create a robust aircraft maintenance program that
ensures improved performance and benefits aircraft management. In order to take effective
preventive measures, the aircraft must undergo various levels of inspection according to
the aircraft maintenance schedule. Maintenance is performed after the aircraft has been
inspected, after which it must be decided whether it needs condition-based monitoring or
not. All these measures extend the life of the assets.Під впливом зростання конкуренції в сегменті
авіаційної техніки, певні кількісні та якісні зміни в її виробництві та
постійно ведеться реставрація. Ступінь автоматизації та комп'ютеризації
виробничий процес постійно збільшується за рахунок більш широкого використання автоматичних ліній,
маніпулятори та установки, складне і високоточне обладнання та ін
впровадження регулювання технологічних процесів за допомогою ЕОМ. The
важливість процесів технічного обслуговування та ремонту для підтримки працездатного стану
літака збільшується, оскільки його простої через несправність значно погіршують
економічні показники експлуатації.
Авіаційні компанії не можуть недооцінювати важливість технічного обслуговування літаків.
Незалежно від розміру повітряного судна, необхідно проводити технічне обслуговування
регулярно. Ця діяльність включає перевірку літаків, реставраційні роботи та ремонт літаків.
Різні літальні апарати вимагатимуть технічного обслуговування через різні проміжки часу.
Безпека є найвищим пріоритетом для всіх, хто бере участь в авіації. Понад 80% (плюс).
аварії спричинені людською помилкою. Ці людські помилки зроблені не навмисно. багато
з цих помилок роблять найкращі та найсумлінніші працівники. Таким чином,
щось повинно було втрутитися в роботу та/або судження цієї "людини" для помилки
відбуваються.
Безпека для всіх є найочевиднішою причиною обслуговування авіакомпанією. Літаки є
складається з різних частин і дуже складний. Тому обслуговування, ремонт і
капітальний ремонт/експлуатація мають вирішальне значення для безпеки людей і літаків.
Технічне обслуговування літака може продовжити термін служби літака. Комплексний підхід
до технічного обслуговування мінімізує час технічного обслуговування протягом усього терміну служби літака. Він забезпечує
огляд циклів, необхідних для створення надійної програми технічного обслуговування літака, яка
забезпечує покращену продуктивність і покращує управління літаком. Щоб прийняти ефективний
профілактичних заходів, літак повинен пройти різні рівні перевірки відповідно до
графік технічного обслуговування літака. Технічне обслуговування виконується після того, як повітряне судно було перероблено
10
перевіряється, після чого має бути вирішено, чи потребує воно моніторингу на основі стану або
ні. Усі ці заходи продовжують термін служби активів
Non-invasive methods for testing the integrity of bulkheads and/or deckheads during a fire
The project aimed to investigate and evaluate a possible non-invasive test method to assess the integrity of bulkheads and/or deckheads during a fire. Currently there is not an accurate method for determining the integrity of a bulkheads and/or deckheads during a fire on-board a ship. This leads to a higher risk being placed on fire fighters.
A literature review was conducted, following which it was determined that Air Coupled Ultrasonics (ACU) was the most viable non-invasive test method for the project. Optimisation of the ACU test method was conducted for use under fire conditions. Aluminium, GFRP and CFRP plates were placed under fire conditions using a LPG bottle and burner. The plates underwent ACU testing at 10ºC increments. Results were evaluated in relation to suitability for use of the chosen non-invasive test method, impact of temperature on results and material properties, and structural integrity issues. The results showed the lamb wave velocity greatly changed as the elastic properties of the material changed due to the thermal loading on the plates caused by the fire.
Even though the results showed that the lamb wave velocity greatly changed as the material underwent a significant change in elastic properties, before ACU is suitable for in-service implementation, further research and development is required. Further research and development is required into ultrasonic transducer bandwidth, waveform generator pulse, oscilloscope, depth of penetration and portability to ensure accuracy and reliability in results
Chipless RFID sensor systems for structural health monitoring
Ph. D. ThesisDefects in metallic structures such as crack and corrosion are major sources of catastrophic
failures, and thus monitoring them is a crucial issue. As periodic inspection using the nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) techniques is slow, costly, limited in range, and
cumbersome, novel methods for in-situ structural health monitoring (SHM) are required.
Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging and attractive technology to
implement the internet of things (IoT) based SHM. Chipless RFID sensors are not only wireless,
passive, and low-cost as the chipped RFID counterpart, but also printable, durable, and allow
for multi-parameter sensing.
This thesis proposes the design and development of chipless RFID sensor systems for SHM,
particularly for defect detection and characterization in metallic structures. Through simulation
studies and experimental validations, novel metal-mountable chipless RFID sensors are
demonstrated with different reader configurations and methods for feature extraction, selection,
and fusion. The first contribution of this thesis is the design of a chipless RFID sensor for crack
detection and characterization based on the circular microstrip patch antenna (CMPA). The
sensor provides a 4-bit ID and a capability of indicating crack width and orientation
simultaneously using the resonance frequency shift. The second contribution is a chipless RFID
sensor designed based on the frequency selective surface (FSS) and feature fusion for corrosion
characterization. The FSS-based sensor generates multiple resonance frequency features that
can reveal corrosion progression, while feature fusion is applied to enhance the sensitivity and
reliability of the sensor. The third contribution deals with robust detection and characterization
of crack and corrosion in a realistic environment using a portable reader. A multi-resonance
chipless RFID sensor is proposed along with the implementation of a portable reader using an
ultra-wideband (UWB) radar module. Feature extraction and selection using principal
component analysis (PCA) is employed for multi-parameter evaluation.
Overall, chipless RFID sensors are small, low-profile, and can be used to quantify and
characterize surface crack and corrosion undercoating. Furthermore, the multi-resonance
characteristics of chipless RFID sensors are useful for integrating ID encoding and sensing
functionalities, enhancing the sensor performance, as well as for performing multi-parameter
analysis of defects. The demonstrated system using a portable reader shows the capability of
defects characterization from a 15-cm distance. Hence, chipless RFID sensor systems have
great potential to be an alternative sensing method for in-situ SHM.Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education
(LPDP
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on NDE in Relation to Structural Integrity for Nuclear and Pressurized Components
This conference, the tenth in a series on NDE in relation to structural integrity for nuclear and pressurized components, was held from 1st October to 3 October 2013, in Cannes, France. The scientific programme was co-produced by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport (EC-JRC/IET). The Conference has been coordinated by the Confédération Française pour les Essais Non Destructifs (COFREND). The first conference, under the sole responsibility of EC-JRC was held in Amsterdam, 20-22 October 1998. The second conference was locally organized by the EPRI NDE Center in New Orleans, 24-26 May 2000, the third one by Tecnatom in Seville, 14-16 November 2001, the fourth one by the British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing in London, 6-8 December 2004, the fifth by EPRI in San Diego, 10-12 May 2006, the sixth by Marovisz in Budapest, 8-10 October 2007, the seventh by the University of Tokyo and JAPEIC in Yokohama, the eight by DGZfP, 29 September to 1st October 2010, the ninth by Epri NDE Center, 22-24 May 2012 in Seattle.
The theme of this conference series is to provide the link between the information originated by NDE and the use made of this information in assessing structural integrity. In this context, there is often a need to determine NDE performance against structural integrity requirements through a process of qualification or performance demonstration. There is also a need to develop NDE to address shortcomings revealed by such performance demonstration or otherwise. Finally, the links between NDE and structural integrity require strengthening in many areas so that NDE is focussed on the components at greatest risk and provides the precise information required for assessment of integrity. These were the issues addressed by the papers selected for the conference.JRC.F.5-Nuclear Reactor Safety Assessmen
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Genetic-Based Optimisation Technique for the Development of Automated Inspection and Restoration Systems for Bridges
Automation and robotics are receiving significant attention in the field of inspection and restoration of steel bridges. However, the success level of the field implementations depends on numerous technological factors. This dissertation addresses aspects of the design, development and subsequent implementation of such on-site devices. The restoration process poses a high level of health hazard and carries environmental pollution risk. For these reasons, it is high on the consideration list for automation. The varied scale and geometry of bridges are some of the limiting conditions for performing the inspection and restoration tasks. Further aspects of concern are access provisions, the diversity of tasks required in the assessment and restoration of a bridge and compatibility between the operational characteristics of the automated device, tasks layout and direction of approach. The key factors, which arise as a result of the above analysis, are access, mobility, navigation, manipulation, probe change and control.
In order to efficiently produce design alternatives, based on the industry (customers and designers) requirements, the engineering design framework is adopted. Due to the growing complexity of the required devices, new methodologies and approaches are needed. This dissertation presents a design methodology to generate alternatives for further considerations. The author's work combines: (i) research and suitability assessment of the existing enabling technologies, (ii) extensive task selection and analysis, (iii) incorporation of the industry requirements for generating the set of design criteria, and (iv) an innovative application of Genetic Algorithms.
GA is used as a tool for simultaneous optimisation of the robot’s kinematic parameters, based on the criteria of collision and singularity avoidance, percentage of coverage, productivity and dexterity. Analysis and justification of a two-step approach is presented, with the former combining all the parameters, and the latter handling the chosen criteria. The methodology is then tested and verified on an existing construction robot (MPIR) from Technion. Finally, it is applied to two case studies, spherical and articulated manipulators performing a range of restoration activities on a selected bridge geometry model. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out on each case study in order to identify areas where improvements could be made.
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Dual-Use Space Technology Transfer Conference and Exhibition
This document contains papers presented at the Dual-Use Space Technology Transfer Conference and Exhibition held at the Johnson Space Center February 1-3, 1994. Possible technology transfers covered during the conference were in the areas of information access; innovative microwave and optical applications; materials and structures; marketing and barriers; intelligent systems; human factors and habitation; communications and data systems; business process and technology transfer; software engineering; biotechnology and advanced bioinstrumentation; communications signal processing and analysis; new ways of doing business; medical care; applications derived from control center data systems; human performance evaluation; technology transfer methods; mathematics, modeling, and simulation; propulsion; software analysis and decision tools systems/processes in human support technology; networks, control centers, and distributed systems; power; rapid development perception and vision technologies; integrated vehicle health management; automation technologies; advanced avionics; ans robotics technologies. More than 77 papers, 20 presentations, and 20 exhibits covering various disciplines were presented b experts from NASA, universities, and industry
A Delphi Study of Aviation Maintenance Experts\u27 Recommendations for a Model School Curriculum
The program described in this paper is the essential first step in reviving and reinitiating the delivery of aviation maintenance technology instruction. The demand for aviation maintenance technicians (AMTs) is rapidly increasing and there is a need to provide as many as 679,000 AMTs over the next 20 years (Boeing, 2016). Given the high cost of certification, new aviation maintenance schools are unlikely to be certificated in the near future, and ramping up the existing schools to meet the anticipated demand is unlikely without incorporating attractive cost-effective measures such as competency-based and distance education.
The purpose of this study is to develop a model curriculum for aviation maintenance technician schools (AMTSs) based upon three federal documents: {Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on Aviation Maintenance Technician Schools, dated 10/02/2015, Advisory and Rulemaking Committees Review Part 147 (Aviation Maintenance Technician Schools Curriculum and Operating Requirements) dated 12/08/2008, and FAA AMT testing standards (draft dated 02/17/2017)}. The model encapsulates college credits and respective clock hour times associated with common subject area groupings within the guidelines of one college credit minimum for each course, approximately 1900 hours of instruction, and recommended objectives for each course. The Delphi methodology was used to collect data from a group of aviation maintenance technology education and regulatory experts
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