Practices of Using Blockchain Technology in ICT under the Digitalization of the World Economy

Abstract. Pursuing the purpose of effective functioning in today's conditions, the business is forced to transform rapidly, to modernize at all levels. The world is changing, erasing the limits of its certainty. Companies need quality transformations and strategies that are effective in the face of rapid change towards "deep" digitization. Massive corporate management systems increasingly need the flexibility to keep pace with change. And companies with an innovative culture are more in need of creative tasks than implementing detailed regulations. In the post-industrial time of digital economy, issues related to the development of the information sphere, the media and communications, the usage of modern information systems to develop the economy and stabilize social development as a whole, come first. The basic principles of practical application of Blockchain are investigated in the work. The stages of development of Blockchain technology, the stages of development of Blockchain technologies by time, the application of distributed registry technology in Blockchain applications, the principles of construction and operation of Blockchain have been specified. The benefits of using NEM for business are substantiated and the components of Proxima X technology, protocols and service layers, on-line and off-line protocols, decentralized applications are exposed

Proof-of-Prestige: A Useful Work Reward System for Unverifiable Tasks

As cryptographic tokens and altcoins are increasingly being built to serve as utility tokens, the notion of useful work consensus protocols, as opposed to number-crunching PoW consensus, is becoming ever more important. In such contexts, users get rewards from the network after they have carried out some specific task useful for the network. While in some cases the proof of some utility or service can be proved, the majority of tasks are impossible to verify. In order to deal with such cases, we design Proof-of-Prestige (PoP) - a reward system that can run on top of Proof-of-Stake blockchains. PoP introduces prestige which is a volatile resource and, in contrast to coins, regenerates over time. Prestige can be gained by performing useful work, spent when benefiting from services and directly translates to users minting power. PoP is resistant against Sybil and Collude attacks and can be used to reward workers for completing unverifiable tasks, while keeping the system free for the end-users. We use two exemplar use-cases to showcase the usefulness of PoP and we build a simulator to assess the cryptoeconomic behaviour of the system in terms of prestige transfer between nodes.Comment: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC 2019

A New Data Deletion Scheme for a Blockchain-based De-duplication System in the Cloud

Almost all Cloud Service Providers (CSP) takes a principled approach to the storage and deletion of Customer Data. Most of them have engineered their cloud platform to achieve a high degree of speed, availability, durability, and consistency. Their systems are designed to be optimized for these performance attributes and must be carefully balanced with the necessity to achieve accurate and timely data deletion.many researchers have turn their focus toward data storage and how it will be a challenging task for CSPs in term of storage capacity, data management and security, a considerable number of papers has been published containing new models and technique that will allow data De-duplication in a shared environment but few of them have discussed data deletion.In this paper we will be discussing a new approach that will allow a smart deletion of data stored in the file system as well as its reference in the Blockchain since, by its nature, Blockchains does not allow deletion without violating the Blockchain’s consistency, a preexisting de-duplication system will be our base platform on which we will be working to achieve an accurate and secure data deletion using Blockchain technology while preserving its consistency

“Right to erasure” and private blockchain in the European Union: legal requirements and technical possibilites

Blockchain, serving as one of the most complex networks used within an organization may be regarded as challenging for the applicability and realization of the General Data Protection Regulation Article 17, which gives the data subject right to erasure or a “right to be forgotten” to ones’ personal data. The immutability and decentralized character of the system does not prescribe the erasure of personal data on the chain, as well as poses problems in determining the competent authority responsible for data protection compliance, when the data subject needs to exercise its rights under the GDPR. The thesis examines whether the compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation’s Article 17 could be ensured while using private blockchain within an organization, by determining the authorities responsible for the compliance in decentralized system, and, examining the conditions when immutability may allow for data erasure. Thus, proposing possible solutions and developing the guidelines for businesses how to mitigate the enforcement of the Regulation regardless of technological pattern of private blockchain

Pushing Software-Defined Blockchain Components onto Edge Hosts

With the advent of blockchain technology, some management tasks of IoT networks can be moved from central systems to distributed validation authorities. Cloud-centric blockchain implementations for IoT have shown satisfactory performance. However, some features of blockchain are not necessary for IoT. For instance, a competitive consensus. This research presents the idea of customizing and encapsulating the features of blockchain into software-defined components to host them on edge devices. Thus, blockchain resources can be provisioned by edge devices (e-miners) working together closer to the things layer in a cooperative manner. This research uses Edison SoC as e-miners to test the software-defined blockchain components

Dwarna : a blockchain solution for dynamic consent in biobanking

Dynamic consent aims to empower research partners and facilitate active participation in the research process. Used within the context of biobanking, it gives individuals access to information and control to determine how and where their biospecimens and data should be used. We present Dwarna—a web portal for ‘dynamic consent’ that acts as a hub connecting the different stakeholders of the Malta Biobank: biobank managers, researchers, research partners, and the general public. The portal stores research partners’ consent in a blockchain to create an immutable audit trail of research partners’ consent changes. Dwarna’s structure also presents a solution to the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation’s right to erasure—a right that is seemingly incompatible with the blockchain model. Dwarna’s transparent structure increases trustworthiness in the biobanking process by giving research partners more control over which research studies they participate in, by facilitating the withdrawal of consent and by making it possible to request that the biospecimen and associated data are destroyed.peer-reviewe