ADAPTIVE AND NONLINEAR SIGNAL PROCESSING

1996/1997X Ciclo1967Versione digitalizzata della tesi di dottorato cartacea

Coherent Optical OFDM Modem Employing Artificial Neural Networks for Dispersion and Nonlinearity Compensation in a Long-Haul Transmission System

In order to satisfy the ever increasing demand for the bandwidth requirement in broadband services the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM) scheme is being considered as a promising technique for future high-capacity optical networks. The aim of this thesis is to investigate, theoretically, the feasibility of implementing the coherent optical OFDM (CO-OOFDM) technique in long haul transmission networks. For CO-OOFDM and Fast-OFDM systems a set of modulation formats dependent analogue to digital converter (ADC) clipping ratio and the quantization bit have been identified, moreover, CO-OOFDM is more resilient to the chromatic dispersion (CD) when compared to the bandwidth efficient Fast-OFDM scheme. For CO-OOFDM systems numerical simulations are undertaken to investigate the effect of the number of sub-carriers, the cyclic prefix (CP), and ADC associated parameters such as the sampling speed, the clipping ratio, and the quantisation bit on the system performance over single mode fibre (SMF) links for data rates up to 80 Gb/s. The use of a large number of sub-carriers is more effective in combating the fibre CD compared to employing a long CP. Moreover, in the presence of fibre non-linearities identifying the optimum number of sub-carriers is a crucial factor in determining the modem performance. For a range of signal data rates up to 40 Gb/s, a set of data rate and transmission distance-dependent optimum ADC parameters are identified in this work. These parameters give rise to a negligible clipping and quantisation noise, moreover, ADC sampling speed can increase the dispersion tolerance while transmitting over SMF links. In addition, simulation results show that the use of adaptive modulation schemes improves the spectrum usage efficiency, thus resulting in higher tolerance to the CD when compared to the case where identical modulation formats are adopted across all sub-carriers. For a given transmission distance utilizing an artificial neural networks (ANN) equalizer improves the system bit error rate (BER) performance by a factor of 50% and 70%, respectively when considering SMF firstly CD and secondly nonlinear effects with CD. Moreover, for a fixed BER of 10-3 utilizing ANN increases the transmission distance by 1.87 times and 2 times, respectively while considering SMF CD and nonlinear effects. The proposed ANN equalizer performs more efficiently in combating SMF non-linearities than the previously published Kerr nonlinearity electrical compensation technique by a factor of 7

Design of Neural Network Filters

Emnet for n rv rende licentiatafhandling er design af neurale netv rks ltre. Filtre baseret pa neurale netv rk kan ses som udvidelser af det klassiske line re adaptive l-ter rettet mod modellering af uline re sammenh nge. Hovedv gten l gges pa en neural netv rks implementering af den ikke-rekursive, uline re adaptive model med additiv st j. Formalet er at klarl gge en r kke faser forbundet med design af neural netv rks arkitekturer med henblik pa at udf re forskellige \black-box " modellerings opgaver sa som: System identi kation, invers modellering og pr diktion af tidsserier. De v senligste bidrag omfatter: Formulering af en neural netv rks baseret kanonisk lter repr sentation, der danner baggrund for udvikling af et arkitektur klassi kationssystem. I hovedsagen drejer det sig om en skelnen mellem globale og lokale modeller. Dette leder til at en r kke kendte neurale netv rks arkitekturer kan klassi ceres, og yderligere abnes der mulighed for udvikling af helt nye strukturer. I denne sammenh ng ndes en gennemgang af en r kke velkendte arkitekturer. I s rdeleshed l gges der v gt pa behandlingen af multi-lags perceptron neural netv rket

State of the Art in Face Recognition

Notwithstanding the tremendous effort to solve the face recognition problem, it is not possible yet to design a face recognition system with a potential close to human performance. New computer vision and pattern recognition approaches need to be investigated. Even new knowledge and perspectives from different fields like, psychology and neuroscience must be incorporated into the current field of face recognition to design a robust face recognition system. Indeed, many more efforts are required to end up with a human like face recognition system. This book tries to make an effort to reduce the gap between the previous face recognition research state and the future state

Towards a unified approach

"Decision-making in the presence of uncertainty is a pervasive computation. Latent variable decoding—inferring hidden causes underlying visible effects—is commonly observed in nature, and it is an unsolved challenge in modern machine learning. On many occasions, animals need to base their choices on uncertain evidence; for instance, when deciding whether to approach or avoid an obfuscated visual stimulus that could be either a prey or a predator. Yet, their strategies are, in general, poorly understood. In simple cases, these problems admit an optimal, explicit solution. However, in more complex real-life scenarios, it is difficult to determine the best possible behavior. The most common approach in modern machine learning relies on artificial neural networks—black boxes that map each input to an output. This input-output mapping depends on a large number of parameters, the weights of the synaptic connections, which are optimized during learning.(...)

Advances in Robotics, Automation and Control

The book presents an excellent overview of the recent developments in the different areas of Robotics, Automation and Control. Through its 24 chapters, this book presents topics related to control and robot design; it also introduces new mathematical tools and techniques devoted to improve the system modeling and control. An important point is the use of rational agents and heuristic techniques to cope with the computational complexity required for controlling complex systems. Through this book, we also find navigation and vision algorithms, automatic handwritten comprehension and speech recognition systems that will be included in the next generation of productive systems developed by man

Pattern Recognition

A wealth of advanced pattern recognition algorithms are emerging from the interdiscipline between technologies of effective visual features and the human-brain cognition process. Effective visual features are made possible through the rapid developments in appropriate sensor equipments, novel filter designs, and viable information processing architectures. While the understanding of human-brain cognition process broadens the way in which the computer can perform pattern recognition tasks. The present book is intended to collect representative researches around the globe focusing on low-level vision, filter design, features and image descriptors, data mining and analysis, and biologically inspired algorithms. The 27 chapters coved in this book disclose recent advances and new ideas in promoting the techniques, technology and applications of pattern recognition

Image Restoration

This book represents a sample of recent contributions of researchers all around the world in the field of image restoration. The book consists of 15 chapters organized in three main sections (Theory, Applications, Interdisciplinarity). Topics cover some different aspects of the theory of image restoration, but this book is also an occasion to highlight some new topics of research related to the emergence of some original imaging devices. From this arise some real challenging problems related to image reconstruction/restoration that open the way to some new fundamental scientific questions closely related with the world we interact with