INCREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATUR KINTAMANI HERBAL TOURISM VILLAGE MENGWI

The covid-19 pandemic declared on March 11, 2020 has affected countries on all continents. Coronavirus 19 began appearing in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, in December 2019 and spread throughout Asia and the world. In response to the development of information related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and also following the advice of the Government of Indonesia, on March 16, 2020, several companies or institutions began to implement the call to work and learn from home as a social distancing movement. The various impacts caused by this pandemic are that many people lose their jobs so that in the current difficult time it is expected that the community is able to creatively carry out all activities from home. The same is true in Chess Village, Kintamani, Bangli. The problem found that (1) Do not have knowledge about entrepreneurship for the youth of Kintamani Chess Village. (2) Do not have an entrepreneurial souvenir product for tourists who visit, especially in making photo frames in bottles in chess villages. To overcome these problems, the objectives of the PKM program are as follows: (1). Socialization and knowledge training on entrepreneurship for the youth of Chess Village, Kintamani. (2) Training in making entrepreneurial souvenir products for visiting tourists, especially in making photo frames in bottles in Catur Village, Kintamani. Methods of implementation of the PKM Program include: initial socialization, training, mentoring, monitoring, evaluation, and sustainability of the program, which is carried out by the service team and assisted by experts and students from Dhyana Pura University. The result is that the Chess Village has knowledge, skills about (1). Entrepreneurship (2). There are entrepreneurial souvenir products for tourists who visit, especially in making photo frames in bottles. The implementing team and each group report the results by means of presentation and documentation. The sustainability of this program is that the community continues to learn and the PKM Undhira team assists the group in improving its well-being

Expertise in chess

This chapter provides an overview of research into chess expertise. After an historical background and a brief description of the game and the rating system, it discusses the information processes enabling players to choose good moves, and in particular the trade-offs between knowledge and search. Other topics include blindfold chess, talent, and the role of deliberate practice and tournament experience

Rise of human intelligence: Comments on Howard (1999)

Based upon the evidence that the best chessplayers in the world are becoming increasingly represented by relatively young individuals, Howard (1999) claimed that human intelligence is rising over generations. We suggest that this explanation has several difficulties, and show that alternative explanations relating to changes in the chess environment, including increased access to chess knowledge, offer better explanations for the increased presence of young players at top-level chess

Structure and stimulus familiarity: A study of memory in chess-players with functional magnetic resonance imaging.

A grandmaster and an international chess master were compared with a group of novices in a memory task with chess and non-chess stimuli, varying the structure and familiarity of the stimuli, while functional magnetic resonance images were acquired. The pattern of brain activity in the masters was different from that of the novices. Masters showed no differences in brain activity when different degrees of structure and familiarity where compared; however, novices did show differences in brain activity in such contrasts. The most important differences were found in the contrast of stimulus familiarity with chess positions. In this contrast, there was an extended brain activity in bilateral frontal areas such as the anterior cingulate and the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri; furthermore, posterior areas, such as posterior cingulate and cerebellum, showed great bilateral activation. These results strengthen the hypothesis that when performing a domain-specific task, experts activate different brain systems from that of novices. The use of the expertsversus- novices paradigm in brain imaging contributes towards the search for brain systems involved in cognitive processes

Adaptive expert decision making: Skilled chess players search more and deeper

Previous research has suggested that depth of search in chess does not increase much as a function of skill. We submitted players to a problem-solving task with complex positions. We found a strong skill effect in depth of search, rate of search, and number of nodes generated. At the level of strong masters, the absolute values of these variables were much higher than in previous studies (sometimes 10 times higher). Supplementary data on memory, practice, reaction times, and time-constrained decision making (a maximum decision time of 10 seconds) indicated that players’ behaviour was consistent with the behaviour of players previously studied in the literature and with predictions of theories based on pattern recognition. Beyond adding support to the hypothesis that both the ability to search and pattern recognition are relevant aspects of expert thinking, these results are important in showing that previous research has vastly underestimated experts’ search potential. We conclude that long-term memory knowledge allows both extensive search and rapid evaluation when making decisions under time pressure. Players adaptively use either problem-solving method depending on the demands of the task

Does chess need intelligence? – A study with young chess players

Although it is widely acknowledged that chess is the best example of an intellectual activity among games, evidence showing the association between any kind of intellectual ability and chess skill has been remarkably sparse. One of the reasons is that most of the studies investigated only one factor (e.g., intelligence), neglecting other factors relevant for the acquisition of chess skill (e.g., amount of practice, years of experience). The present study investigated the chess skill of 57 young chess players using measures of intelligence (WISC III), practice, and experience. Although practice had the most influence on chess skill, intelligence explained some variance even after the inclusion of practice. When an elite subsample of 23 children was tested, it turned out that intelligence was not a significant factor in chess skill, and that, if anything, it tended to correlate negatively with chess skill. This unexpected result is explained by a negative correlation between intelligence and practice in the elite subsample. The study demonstrates the dangers of focusing on a single factor in complex real-world situations where a number of closely interconnected factors operate

The Role of Practice in Chess: A Longitudinal Study

We investigated the role of practice in the acquisition of chess expertise by submitting a questionnaire to 104 players of different skill levels. Players had to report their chess rating, the number of hours of individual and group practice, their use of different learning resources and activities, and whether they had been trained by a coach. The use of archival data enabled us to track the rating of some of the players throughout their career. We found that there was a strong correlation between chess skill and number of hours of practice. Moreover, group practice was a better predictor of high-level performance than individual practice. We also found that masters had a higher chess rating than expert players after only three years of serious dedication to chess, although there were no differences in the number of hours of practice. The difference that may explain the variation in rating is that masters start practising at an earlier age than experts. Finally, we found that activities such as reading books and using computer software (game databases, but not playing programs) were important for the development of high-level performance. Together with previous data and theories of expert performance, our results indicate limits in the deliberate practice framework and make suggestions on how best to carry out learning in chess and in other fields

A critical evaluation of the standardisation potential of business plan evaluation aids (BPEA) used in venture capital investment decision-making

The research objective was to perform a critical evaluation and comparison of four, representative Business Plan Evaluation Aids (BPEA) to facilitate constructive discussion of the proposition that greater standardisation of venture capital decision-making might be both desirable and possible.The four BPEA were systematically compared using a structured, taxonomic process employing seven key criteria. The evidence of this investigation suggests a clear superiority for BPEAs, which are based on the known attributes of successful ventures and use actuarial modelling. Discussion centred on the importance of using BPEAs in a quest for greater consistency of venture capital investment decision-making.<br /

The role of domain-specific practice, handedness and starting age in chess

The respective roles of the environment and innate talent have been a recurrent question for research into expertise. This paper investigates markers of talent, environment, and critical period for the acquisition of expert performance in chess. Argentinian chessplayers (N = 104), ranging from weak amateurs to grandmasters, filled in a questionnaire measuring variables including individual and group practice, starting age, and handedness. The study reaffirms the importance of practice for reaching high levels of performance, but also indicates a large variability, the slower player needing eight times more practice to reach master level than the faster. Additional results show a correlation between skill and starting age, and indicate that players are more likely to be mixed-handed than individuals in the general population; however, there was no correlation between handedness and skill within the chess sample. Together, these results suggest that practice is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the acquisition of expertise, that some additional factors may differentiate between chessplayers and non-chessplayers, and that the starting age of practice is important

Review of: Lawrence Rosen. The Culture of Islam: Changing Aspects of Contemporary Muslim Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

This is a preprint (author's original) version of the article published in American Ethnologist 32(2):2034-35. The final version of the article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2005.32.2.2034. The version made available in Digital Common was supplied by the author.Author's Origina