49,019 research outputs found
Robustness and edge addition strategy of air transport networks : a case study of 'the Belt and Road'
Air transportation is of great importance in "the Belt and Road" (the B&R) region. The achievement of the B&R initiative relies on the availability, reliability, and safety of air transport infrastructure. A fundamental step is to find the critical elements in network performance. Considering the uneven distributions of population and economy, the current literature focusing on centrality measures in unweighted networks is not sufficient in the B&R region. By differentiating power and centrality in the B&R region, our analysis leads to two conclusions: (1) Deactivating powerful nodes causes a larger decrease in efficiency than deactivating central nodes. This indicates that powerful nodes in the B&R region are more critical than central nodes for network robustness. (2) Strategically adding edges between high powerful and low powerful nodes can enhance the network's ability to exchange resources efficiently. These findings can be used to adjust government policies for air transport configuration to achieve the best network performance and the most cost effective
A new design principle of robust onion-like networks self-organized in growth
Today's economy, production activity, and our life are sustained by social
and technological network infrastructures, while new threats of network attacks
by destructing loops have been found recently in network science. We inversely
take into account the weakness, and propose a new design principle for
incrementally growing robust networks. The networks are self-organized by
enhancing interwoven long loops. In particular, we consider the range-limited
approximation of linking by intermediations in a few hops, and show the strong
robustness in the growth without degrading efficiency of paths. Moreover, we
demonstrate that the tolerance of connectivity is reformable even from
extremely vulnerable real networks according to our proposed growing process
with some investment. These results may indicate a prospective direction to the
future growth of our network infrastructures.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, 1 tabl
Spatially self-organized resilient networks by a distributed cooperative mechanism
The robustness of connectivity and the efficiency of paths are incompatible
in many real networks. We propose a self-organization mechanism for
incrementally generating onion-like networks with positive degree-degree
correlations whose robustness is nearly optimal. As a spatial extension of the
generation model based on cooperative copying and adding shortcut, we show that
the growing networks become more robust and efficient through enhancing the
onion-like topological structure on a space. The reasonable constraint for
locating nodes on the perimeter in typical surface growth as a self-propagation
does not affect these properties of the tolerance and the path length.
Moreover, the robustness can be recovered in the random growth damaged by
insistent sequential attacks even without any remedial measures.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures, 2 table
Nature-Inspired Interconnects for Self-Assembled Large-Scale Network-on-Chip Designs
Future nano-scale electronics built up from an Avogadro number of components
needs efficient, highly scalable, and robust means of communication in order to
be competitive with traditional silicon approaches. In recent years, the
Networks-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm emerged as a promising solution to interconnect
challenges in silicon-based electronics. Current NoC architectures are either
highly regular or fully customized, both of which represent implausible
assumptions for emerging bottom-up self-assembled molecular electronics that
are generally assumed to have a high degree of irregularity and imperfection.
Here, we pragmatically and experimentally investigate important design
trade-offs and properties of an irregular, abstract, yet physically plausible
3D small-world interconnect fabric that is inspired by modern network-on-chip
paradigms. We vary the framework's key parameters, such as the connectivity,
the number of switch nodes, the distribution of long- versus short-range
connections, and measure the network's relevant communication characteristics.
We further explore the robustness against link failures and the ability and
efficiency to solve a simple toy problem, the synchronization task. The results
confirm that (1) computation in irregular assemblies is a promising and
disruptive computing paradigm for self-assembled nano-scale electronics and (2)
that 3D small-world interconnect fabrics with a power-law decaying distribution
of shortcut lengths are physically plausible and have major advantages over
local 2D and 3D regular topologies
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