253 research outputs found
Enhancing quantum entropy in vacuum-based quantum random number generator
Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot
be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum
measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction.
Quantum entropy in the measurements decides the quality and security of the
random number generator. At the same time, it directly determine the extraction
ratio of true randomness from the raw data, in other words, it affects quantum
random numbers generating rate obviously. In this work, considering the effects
of classical noise, the best way to enhance quantum entropy in the vacuum-based
quantum random number generator is explored in the optimum dynamical
analog-digital converter (ADC) range scenario. The influence of classical noise
excursion, which may be intrinsic to a system or deliberately induced by an
eavesdropper, on the quantum entropy is derived. We propose enhancing local
oscillator intensity rather than electrical gain for noise-independent
amplification of quadrature fluctuation of vacuum state. Abundant quantum
entropy is extractable from the raw data even when classical noise excursion is
large. Experimentally, an extraction ratio of true randomness of 85.3% is
achieved by finite enhancement of the local oscillator power when classical
noise excursions of the raw data is obvious.Comment: 12 pages,8 figure
Multiplexed Quantum Random Number Generation
Fast secure random number generation is essential for high-speed encrypted
communication, and is the backbone of information security. Generation of truly
random numbers depends on the intrinsic randomness of the process used and is
usually limited by electronic bandwidth and signal processing data rates. Here
we use a multiplexing scheme to create a fast quantum random number generator
structurally tailored to encryption for distributed computing, and high
bit-rate data transfer. We use vacuum fluctuations measured by seven homodyne
detectors as quantum randomness sources, multiplexed using a single integrated
optical device. We obtain a random number generation rate of 3.08 Gbit/s, from
only 27.5 MHz of sampled detector bandwidth. Furthermore, we take advantage of
the multiplexed nature of our system to demonstrate an unseeded strong
extractor with a generation rate of 26 Mbit/s.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures and 1 tabl
Continuous Variable Optimisation of Quantum Randomness and Probabilistic Linear Amplification
In the past decade, quantum communication protocols based on
continuous variables (CV) has seen considerable development in
both theoretical and experimental aspects.
Nonetheless, challenges remain in both the practical security and
the operating range for CV systems, before such systems may be
used extensively. In this thesis, we present
the optimisation of experimental parameters for secure randomness
generation and propose a non-deterministic approach to enhance
amplification of CV quantum state.
The first part of this thesis examines the security of quantum
devices: in particular, we investigate quantum random number
generators (QRNG) and quantum key distribution
(QKD) schemes. In a realistic scenario, the output of a quantum
random number generator is inevitably tainted by classical
technical noise, which potentially compromises
the security of such a device. To safeguard against this, we
propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach that produces
side-information independent randomness. We present a method for
maximising such randomness contained in a number sequence
generated from a given quantum-to-classical-noise ratio. The
detected photocurrent
in our experiment is shown to have a real-time random-number
generation rate of 14 (Mbit/s)/MHz.
Next, we study the one-sided device-independent (1sDI) quantum
key distribution scheme in the context of continuous variables.
By exploiting recently proven entropic
uncertainty relations, one may bound the information leaked to an
eavesdropper. We use such a bound to further derive the secret
key rate, that depends only upon the
conditional Shannon entropies accessible to Alice and Bob, the
two honest communicating parties. We identify and experimentally
demonstrate such a protocol, using only
coherent states as the resource. We measure the correlations
necessary for 1sDI key distribution up to an applied loss
equivalent to 3.5 km of fibre transmission.
The second part of this thesis concerns the improvement in the
transmission of a quantum state. We study two approximate
implementations of a probabilistic noiseless
linear amplifier (NLA): a physical implementation that truncates
the working space of the NLA or a measurement-based
implementation that realises the truncation
by a bounded postselection filter. We do this by conducting a
full analysis on the measurement-based NLA (MB-NLA), making
explicit the relationship between its various
operating parameters, such as amplification gain and the cut-off
of operating domain. We compare it with its physical counterpart
in terms of the Husimi Q-distribution and
their probability of success.
We took our investigations further by combining a probabilistic
NLA with an ideal deterministic linear amplifier (DLA). In
particular, we show that when NLA gain is strictly lesser than
the DLA gain, this combination can be realised by integrating an
MB-NLA in an optical DLA setup. This results in a hybrid device
which we refer to as the heralded hybrid quantum amplifier. A
quantum cloning machine based on this hybrid amplifier is
constructed through an amplify-then-split method. We perform
probabilistic cloning of arbitrary coherent states, and
demonstrate the production of up to five clones, with the
fidelity of each clone clearly exceeding the corresponding
no-cloning limit
Coherence-based quantum random number generator
Theoretical design and experimental demonstration of a random number generator based on the random interference of optical signalsWe consider the random change of the phase of a laser as the physical source of randomness that allows the implementation a new type of quantum random number generator (QRNG) . We analyze the phase noise model of a laser and study how randomness can be extracted with the help of optical coherent detection. We also demonstrate an ultra-fast QRNG of up to 19 Gbits/s of random numbers that use commercial devices already found in the laboratory
Improvements on Device Independent and Semi-Device Independent Protocols of Randomness Expansion
To generate genuine random numbers, random number generators based on quantum theory are essential. However, ensuring that the process used to produce randomness meets desired security standards can pose challenges for traditional quantum random number generators. This thesis delves into Device Independent (DI) and Semi-Device Independent (semi-DI) protocols of randomness expansion, based on a minimal set of experimentally verifiable security assumptions. The security in DI protocols relies on the violation of Bell inequalities, which certify the quantum behavior of devices. The semi-DI protocols discussed in this thesis require the characterization of only one device - a power meter. These protocols exploit the fact that quantum states can be prepared such that they cannot be distinguished with certainty, thereby creating a randomness resource. In this study, we introduce enhanced DI and semi-DI protocols that surpass existing ones in terms of output randomness rate, security, or in some instances, both. Our analysis employs the Entropy Accumulation Theorem (EAT) to determine the extractable randomness for finite rounds. A notable contribution is the introduction of randomness expansion protocols that recycle input randomness, significantly enhancing finite round randomness rates for DI protocols based on the CHSH inequality violation. In the final section of the thesis, we delve into Generalized Probability Theories (GPTs), with a focus on Boxworld, the largest GPT capable of producing correlations consistent with relativity. A tractable criterion for identifying a Boxworld channel is presented
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