6,779 research outputs found

    Capitalisation d'une ressource en or : le dictionnaire

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    The goal of this paper is to explore extensions to electronic dictionaries. Adding certain functions could considerably extend the range of tasks for which they could provide support. Putting the needed information at the distance of a mouse click would allow for active reading. This would require tight coupling of the dictionary with a text editor: all the information in the dictionary should be accessible via a mouseclick. Dictionaries combined with a flashcard system and an exercise generator could support the memorization and automation of words and syntactic structures. Finally, structuring the dictionary in a way akin to the human mind (associative network) could help the writer to find new ideas, and if needed, the word he is looking for. In sum, rather than considering the dictionary just as another component of the process of language production or comprehension chain, we consider it as the single most important resource, provided that one knows how to use it

    Medievalists’ Use of Electronic Resources: The Results of a National Survey of Faculty Members in Medieval Studies.

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    This paper discusses the use of and attitudes towards electronic resources by a select group of medieval scholars. A survey was sent to ninety-two medievalists selected from eight institutions of higher education with graduate offerings in medieval studies. The medievalists represent many different departments including English, History, Foreign Languages, Art and Art History, Religion and Philosophy, and Music. Forty-three of the survey recipients returned their surveys. This study was conducted to determine the respondents’ current use of and attitudes towards five types of electronic resources: journals, dictionaries, translations, editions, and facsimiles. The respondents show a mixed response to electronic resources. Although for the most part they are open to the idea of some types of electronic resources, it remains the responsibility of resource creators to take full advantage of transformative technologies and in turn make these resources available to medieval scholars. Further study needs to be done on this unique group of scholars

    Reading Books and Reading Minds: Differential Effects of Wonder and The Crossover on Empathy and Theory of Mind

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    We tested sixth graders for empathy and theory of mind before and after an academic unit on either Wonder or The Crossover. Wonder was associated with improved perspective-taking; students who read The Crossover increased in concern for others. Faux pas detection increased in both genders with Wonder, and in girls with The Crossover. Students who read The Crossover in print showed improved understanding of facial expressions, while students who used iPads declined. Young adult fiction is associated with improved social cognitive skills, but effects depend on gender and reading format, as well as on the choice of individual book

    Human-Level Performance on Word Analogy Questions by Latent Relational Analysis

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    This paper introduces Latent Relational Analysis (LRA), a method for measuring relational similarity. LRA has potential applications in many areas, including information extraction, word sense disambiguation, machine translation, and information retrieval. Relational similarity is correspondence between relations, in contrast with attributional similarity, which is correspondence between attributes. When two words have a high degree of attributional similarity, we call them synonyms. When two pairs of words have a high degree of relational similarity, we say that their relations are analogous. For example, the word pair mason/stone is analogous to the pair carpenter/wood; the relations between mason and stone are highly similar to the relations between carpenter and wood. Past work on semantic similarity measures has mainly been concerned with attributional similarity. For instance, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) can measure the degree of similarity between two words, but not between two relations. Recently the Vector Space Model (VSM) of information retrieval has been adapted to the task of measuring relational similarity, achieving a score of 47% on a collection of 374 college-level multiple-choice word analogy questions. In the VSM approach, the relation between a pair of words is characterized by a vector of frequencies of predefined patterns in a large corpus. LRA extends the VSM approach in three ways: (1) the patterns are derived automatically from the corpus (they are not predefined), (2) the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used to smooth the frequency data (it is also used this way in LSA), and (3) automatically generated synonyms are used to explore reformulations of the word pairs. LRA achieves 56% on the 374 analogy questions, statistically equivalent to the average human score of 57%. On the related problem of classifying noun-modifier relations, LRA achieves similar gains over the VSM, while using a smaller corpus

    Information Outlook, October 2003

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    Volume 7, Issue 10https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_io_2003/1009/thumbnail.jp

    Establishing a resource center: A guide for organizations supporting community foundations

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    Maintaining a resource center such as a library is a central tasks of an association to serve its members, though one of the first to be neglected. WINGS-CF commissioned this guide to assist organizations supporting community foundations to review and organize their resource items, and to propose several classification systems / taxonomies

    How words behave in other languages: the use of German Nazi vocabulary in English

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    This paper undertakes a systematic investigation into the use of German Nazi vocabulary in English. Nazi vocabulary is checked for frequency of occurrence in a large webcorpus of English and then, where it occurs, for reference to Nazi discourse. Next, its frequency is compared to equivalent French and German webcorpora, showing whether or not the use of Nazi vocabulary outside German is unique to English and whether or not its current usage differs between German and the borrowing languages. Finally, the use of two words that occur with similar frequency in all three languages – judenrein and Blitzkrieg – and of two words that occur with the highest difference in frequency – Anschluss and Lebensraum – is investigated in detail by means of the Sketch Engine corpus tool, including analysis of collocations which indicate contexts of usage. The results can inform further research into lexical borrowing by demonstrating that borrowed words may be used in ways that differ notably from their use in the donor language

    Emerging technologies

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