Mission-Critical Communications from LMR to 5G: a Technology Assessment approach for Smart City scenarios

Radiocommunication networks are one of the main support tools of agencies that carry out actions in Public Protection & Disaster Relief (PPDR), and it is necessary to update these communications technologies from narrowband to broadband and integrated to information technologies to have an effective action before society. Understanding that this problem includes, besides the technical aspects, issues related to the social context to which these systems are inserted, this study aims to construct scenarios, using several sources of information, that helps the managers of the PPDR agencies in the technological decisionmaking process of the Digital Transformation of Mission-Critical Communication considering Smart City scenarios, guided by the methods and approaches of Technological Assessment (TA).As redes de radiocomunicações são uma das principais ferramentas de apoio dos órgãos que realizam ações de Proteção Pública e Socorro em desastres, sendo necessário atualizar essas tecnologias de comunicação de banda estreita para banda larga, e integra- las às tecnologias de informação, para se ter uma atuação efetiva perante a sociedade . Entendendo que esse problema inclui, além dos aspectos técnicos, questões relacionadas ao contexto social ao qual esses sistemas estão inseridos, este estudo tem por objetivo a construção de cenários, utilizando diversas fontes de informação que auxiliem os gestores destas agências na tomada de decisão tecnológica que envolve a transformação digital da Comunicação de Missão Crítica considerando cenários de Cidades Inteligentes, guiado pelos métodos e abordagens de Avaliação Tecnológica (TA)

Net Neutrality

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Chris Marsden maneuvers through the hype articulated by Netwrok Neutrality advocates and opponents. He offers a clear-headed analysis of the high stakes in this debate about the Internet's future, and fearlessly refutes the misinformation and misconceptions that about' Professor Rob Freiden, Penn State University Net Neutrality is a very heated and contested policy principle regarding access for content providers to the Internet end-user, and potential discrimination in that access where the end-user's ISP (or another ISP) blocks that access in part or whole. The suggestion has been that the problem can be resolved by either introducing greater competition, or closely policing conditions for vertically integrated service, such as VOIP. However, that is not the whole story, and ISPs as a whole have incentives to discriminate between content for matters such as network management of spam, to secure and maintain customer experience at current levels, and for economic benefit from new Quality of Service standards. This includes offering a ‘priority lane' on the network for premium content types such as video and voice service. The author considers market developments and policy responses in Europe and the United States, draws conclusions and proposes regulatory recommendations

Multi-dimensional Approaches Towards New Technology

This open access edited book captures the complexities and conflicts arising at the interface of intellectual property rights (IPR) and competition law. To do so, it discusses four specific themes: (a) policies governing functioning of standard setting organizations (SSOs), transparency and incentivising future innovation; (b) issue of royalties for standard essential patents (SEPs) and related disputes; (c) due process principles, procedural fairness and best practices in competition law; and (d) coherence of patent policies and consonance with competition law to support innovation in new technologies. Many countries have formulated policies and re-oriented their economies to foster technological innovation as it is seen as a major source of economic growth. At the same time, there have been tensions between patent laws and competition laws, despite the fact that both are intended to enhance consumer welfare. In this regard, licensing of SEPs has been debated extensively, although in most instances, innovators and implementers successfully negotiate licensing of SEPs. However, there have been instances where disagreements on royalty base and royalty rates, terms of licensing, bundling of patents in licenses, pooling of licenses have arisen, and this has resulted in a surge of litigation in various jurisdictions and also drawn the attention of competition/anti-trust regulators. Further, a lingering lack of consensus among scholars, industry experts and regulators regarding solutions and techniques that are apposite in these matters across jurisdictions has added to the confusion. This book looks at the processes adopted by the competition/anti-trust regulators to apply the principles of due process and procedural fairness in investigating abuse of dominance cases against innovators

A Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework (Bring Your Own Spectrum)

In this thesis, a unified and sustainable framework for spectrum allocation is presented. This multi-level operator-agnostic framework, Bring Your Own Spectrum (BYOS), is the result of a few thought experiments reflecting the ways in which spectrum could be bought and sold as an asset, similar to service models in cloud computing where every technical element can be traded via an "as-a-Service" model. BYOS architectural features form the major part of this thesis and cover four levels of abstraction as – contextual, conceptual, logical and physical. First, the contextual aspect of BYOS is covered, which addresses the question: "why is the framework needed?". To understand the reasons behind the need for a new framework an exhaustive survey of history of telecommunications policy development of 32 countries was conducted that included major economies in several key regions of the world. This research provided insight into the role of the government, mechanisms used for allocations, success/failure of allocations, and business models in the sector. Additionally, a review of existing and emerging technologies was done to understand various possible mechanisms of spectrum access. Next, the conceptual aspect of BYOS is presented, which addresses the question: "what does the framework look like?". For this, the information from the study above was converted into a skeleton framework, ensuring that it covers the requirements gathered. The framework has a three-level architecture with a quasi-static allocation scheme. The levels of architecture are designated based on periods of ownership and the thesis presents an original exponential-based-scale to determine the allocation periods (longest to shortest). The framework accommodates different types of operators, categorising in terms of their spectrum access privileges. Following this, the thesis focuses on the physical level of the framework, where the question: "with what?" i.e. the technical mechanisms are discussed. In this part, a novel analogy is presented where the wireless spectrum is compared to a multi-lane, multi-level highway. This analogy provides the basis for unit of information transport between two points, which in turn form the trading unit. In this thesis, "Interference (transmission power) spread over bandwidth" is chosen as the basic trading unit for the BYOS framework. Also included is a discussion on the required changes to the calculation of "population" – an inherent part of reserve price calculation – in view of the proliferation of device using different types of mobile technologies. A second part of the physical framework presents an original mechanism for competition management in view of the new framework and trading unit. Using the principles of network traffic management, a new tracking unit – token – is introduced, which helps the regulators keep track of the process of spectrum allocation, but in a hands-off manner. Multiple models of using tokens in the framework are presented. Tokens are intended only for the shortterm trades, though the initial number is determined by the total spectrum acquisitions and cumulative participation behaviour. Finally, the logical or system model of the framework is presented, which addresses the question: "how to structure and organise the architecture to achieve the desired requirements". This discussion is also divided into two parts. First, the discussion focuses on the multiple ways to use tokens and demonstrates the different use cases by way of competition games. Key novel points here are the discussion of competition management over multi-period allocation and addressing the needs of public safety services. Additionally, the discussion also focuses on unequal desirability of available spectrum lots based on spectrum characteristics, acquisition periods, and operator’s own requirements. The second part of the discussion focuses on various methods of implementation of this framework. A potential enterpriseblockchain based method is explored, though there may be other better solutions. Another focus of this thesis, which can be considered as a separate minor segment, came out of the initial policy research was to organize and analyse this information systematically. For this purpose, the theory of policy diffusion was explored, and the research provides evidence for the existence of, and analyses the mechanisms used for policy diffusion in different regions and countries.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronics, 202

Net Neutrality

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Chris Marsden maneuvers through the hype articulated by Netwrok Neutrality advocates and opponents. He offers a clear-headed analysis of the high stakes in this debate about the Internet's future, and fearlessly refutes the misinformation and misconceptions that about' Professor Rob Freiden, Penn State University Net Neutrality is a very heated and contested policy principle regarding access for content providers to the Internet end-user, and potential discrimination in that access where the end-user's ISP (or another ISP) blocks that access in part or whole. The suggestion has been that the problem can be resolved by either introducing greater competition, or closely policing conditions for vertically integrated service, such as VOIP. However, that is not the whole story, and ISPs as a whole have incentives to discriminate between content for matters such as network management of spam, to secure and maintain customer experience at current levels, and for economic benefit from new Quality of Service standards. This includes offering a ‘priority lane' on the network for premium content types such as video and voice service. The author considers market developments and policy responses in Europe and the United States, draws conclusions and proposes regulatory recommendations

Multi-dimensional Approaches Towards New Technology

This open access edited book captures the complexities and conflicts arising at the interface of intellectual property rights (IPR) and competition law. To do so, it discusses four specific themes: (a) policies governing functioning of standard setting organizations (SSOs), transparency and incentivising future innovation; (b) issue of royalties for standard essential patents (SEPs) and related disputes; (c) due process principles, procedural fairness and best practices in competition law; and (d) coherence of patent policies and consonance with competition law to support innovation in new technologies. Many countries have formulated policies and re-oriented their economies to foster technological innovation as it is seen as a major source of economic growth. At the same time, there have been tensions between patent laws and competition laws, despite the fact that both are intended to enhance consumer welfare. In this regard, licensing of SEPs has been debated extensively, although in most instances, innovators and implementers successfully negotiate licensing of SEPs. However, there have been instances where disagreements on royalty base and royalty rates, terms of licensing, bundling of patents in licenses, pooling of licenses have arisen, and this has resulted in a surge of litigation in various jurisdictions and also drawn the attention of competition/anti-trust regulators. Further, a lingering lack of consensus among scholars, industry experts and regulators regarding solutions and techniques that are apposite in these matters across jurisdictions has added to the confusion. This book looks at the processes adopted by the competition/anti-trust regulators to apply the principles of due process and procedural fairness in investigating abuse of dominance cases against innovators

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

kwartalni

Enhanced QoS for domestic licensees in border areas through game theory based licensed shared access

In this paper, we propose a non-coordinated Licensed Shared Access (LSA) model which enables Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) acting as domestic licensees to provide enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) in border areas. The proposed model allows the domestic licensees to rely on their backup strategies while utilizing available spectrum resources, to avoid severe interference and maintain their QoS, whenever foreign incumbents initiate their operation in similar frequency spectrum across the border. The proposed model is presented as an LSA based game theoretic algorithm. We prove its convergence to an equilibrium point after finite iterations, both analytically and through simulations.4 page(s

TV White Spaces: A Pragmatic Approach

190 pages The editors and publisher have taken due care in preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information contained herein. Links to websites imply neither responsibility for, nor approval of, the information contained in those other web sites on the part of ICTP. No intellectual property rights are transferred to ICTP via this book, and the authors/readers will be free to use the given material for educational purposes.  e ICTP will not transfer rights to other organizations, nor will it be used for any commercial purposes. ICTP is not to endorse or sponsor any particular commercial product, service or activity mentioned in this book. This book is released under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives ¦.þ International license. For more details regarding your rights to use and redistribute this work, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/