Multicast Mobility in Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6) : Problem Statement and Brief Survey

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A Survey on Proxy Mobile IPv6 Handover

[EN] As wireless technologies have been improving in recent years, a mobility management mechanism is required to provide seamless and ubiquitous mobility for end users who are roaming among points of attachment in wireless networks. Thus, Mobile IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to support the mobility service. However, Mobile IPv6 is unable to fulfill the requirements of real-time applications, such as video streaming service and voice over IP service, due to its high handover (HO) latency. To address this problem, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) has been introduced by the IETF. In PMIPv6, which is a network-based approach, the serving network controls mobility management on behalf of the mobile node (MN). Thus, the MN is not required to participate in any mobility-related signaling. However, the PMIPv6 still suffers from lengthy HO latency and packet loss during a HO. This paper explores an elaborated survey on the HO procedure of PMIPv6 protocols and proposed approaches accompanied by a discussion about their points of weakness.This work was supported in part by the University of Malaya under UMRG Grant (RG080/11ICT).Modares, H.; Moravejosharieh, A.; Lloret, J.; Salleh, R. (2016). A Survey on Proxy Mobile IPv6 Handover. IEEE Systems Journal. 10(1):208-217. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2013.2297705S20821710

Enhanced bicasting and buffering

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IP-Based Mobility Management and Handover Latency Measurement in heterogeneous environments

One serious concern in the ubiquitous networks is the seamless vertical handover management between different wireless technologies. To meet this challenge, many standardization organizations proposed different protocols at different layers of the protocol stack. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has different groups working on mobility at IP level in order to enhance mobile IPv4 and mobile IPv6 with different variants: HMIPv6 (Hierarchical Mobile IPv6), FMIPv6 (Fast Mobile IPv6) and PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6) for seamless handover. Moreover, the IEEE 802.21 standard provides another framework for seamless handover. The 3GPP standard provides the Access Network and Selection Function (ANDSF) to support seamless handover between 3GPP – non 3GPP networks like Wi-Fi, considered as untrusted, and WIMAX considered as trusted networks. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of seamless vertical handover protocols and a handover latency comparison of the main mobility management approaches in the literature. The comparison shows the advantages and drawbacks of every mechanism in order to facilitate the adoption of the convenient one for vertical handover within Next Generation Network (NGN) environments. Keywords: Seamless vertical handover, mobility management protocols, IEEE 802.21 MIH, handover latenc

Smart handoff technique for internet of vehicles communication using dynamic edge-backup node

© 2020 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030524A vehicular adhoc network (VANET) recently emerged in the the Internet of Vehicles (IoV); it involves the computational processing of moving vehicles. Nowadays, IoV has turned into an interesting field of research as vehicles can be equipped with processors, sensors, and communication devices. IoV gives rise to handoff, which involves changing the connection points during the online communication session. This presents a major challenge for which many standardized solutions are recommended. Although there are various proposed techniques and methods to support seamless handover procedure in IoV, there are still some open research issues, such as unavoidable packet loss rate and latency. On the other hand, the emerged concept of edge mobile computing has gained crucial attention by researchers that could help in reducing computational complexities and decreasing communication delay. Hence, this paper specifically studies the handoff challenges in cluster based handoff using new concept of dynamic edge-backup node. The outcomes are evaluated and contrasted with the network mobility method, our proposed technique, and other cluster-based technologies. The results show that coherence in communication during the handoff method can be upgraded, enhanced, and improved utilizing the proposed technique.Published onlin

Extension of MIH for FPMIPv6 (EMIH-FPMIPv6) to support optimized heterogeneous handover

Fast handover for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) can optimize the handover performance compared with PMIPv6 in terms of handover delay and packet loss. However, FPMIPv6 cannot handle heterogeneous handovers due to the lack of unified Layer 2 triggering mechanism. While Media Independent Handover (MIH) can provide heterogeneous handover support, and a lot of MIH-based integration solutions have been proposed. However, most of these solutions are based on the integration of MIH and PMIPv6, and require additional mechanisms such as L2 scanning, handover coordinator or neighbor discovery, which are out of the scope of MIH and difficult to be standardized. Furthermore, the direct integration of MIH and FPMIPv6 will cause redundant signaling cost due to the similar functions such as MIH handover commit procedure in MIH and inter-MAG (Mobility Access Gateway) tunnel setup in FPMIPv6. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on these solutions and compares each solution's functionality and characteristic, and then proposes an integration scheme based on Extension of MIH for FPMIPv6 (EMIH-FPMIPv6) to support optimized heterogeneous handover, which extends the existing MIH standard and reduces the redundant messages interaction caused by FPMIPv6 and MIH. This paper adopts the city section mobility model and heterogeneous networks model to analyze and compare the performance of EMIH-FPMIPv6 under different heterogeneous handover scenarios. The analytical results show that EMIH-FPMIPv6 is capable of reducing the handover delay and the signaling cost compared to the solution specified in MIH standard (noted as standard handover solution) and FPMIPv6. © 201