9,470 research outputs found
Human papillomavirus 16 L2 inhibits the transcriptional activation function, but not the DNA replication function, of HPV-16 E2
In this study we analysed the outcome of the interaction between HPV-16 L2 and E2 on the transactivation and DNA replication functions of E2. When E2 was expressed on its own, it transactivated a number of E2-responsive promoters but co-expression of L2 led to the down-regulation of the transcription transactivation activity of the E2 protein. This repression is not mediated by an increased degradation of the E2 protein. In contrast, the expression of L2 had no effect on the ability of E2 to activate DNA replication in association with the viral replication factor E1. Deletion mutagenesis identified L2 domains responsible for binding to E2 (first 50 N-terminus amino acid residues) and down-regulating its transactivation function (residues 301–400). The results demonstrate that L2 selectively inhibits the transcriptional activation property of E2 and that there is a direct interaction between the two proteins, although this is not sufficient to mediate the transcriptional repression. The consequences of the L2–E2 interaction for the viral life cycle are discussed
Security for the Industrial IoT: The Case for Information-Centric Networking
Industrial production plants traditionally include sensors for monitoring or
documenting processes, and actuators for enabling corrective actions in cases
of misconfigurations, failures, or dangerous events. With the advent of the
IoT, embedded controllers link these `things' to local networks that often are
of low power wireless kind, and are interconnected via gateways to some cloud
from the global Internet. Inter-networked sensors and actuators in the
industrial IoT form a critical subsystem while frequently operating under harsh
conditions. It is currently under debate how to approach inter-networking of
critical industrial components in a safe and secure manner.
In this paper, we analyze the potentials of ICN for providing a secure and
robust networking solution for constrained controllers in industrial safety
systems. We showcase hazardous gas sensing in widespread industrial
environments, such as refineries, and compare with IP-based approaches such as
CoAP and MQTT. Our findings indicate that the content-centric security model,
as well as enhanced DoS resistance are important arguments for deploying
Information Centric Networking in a safety-critical industrial IoT. Evaluation
of the crypto efforts on the RIOT operating system for content security reveal
its feasibility for common deployment scenarios.Comment: To be published at IEEE WF-IoT 201
Papilloomiviiruse transkriptsiooni ja regulaatorvalgu E2 uurimine
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioonePapilloomiviirused on viiruste perekond, mis nakatab nii inimeste kui loomade epiteelrakke ja põhjustab papilloome ehk näsakasvajaid, mis võivad teatud tingimustes areneda halvaloomulisteks kasvajateks. Inimese papilloomiviiruseid on teada üle 200 tüübi ja nad jagatakse kaheks grupiks nende koespetsiifilisuse alusel: limaskesti nakatavad papilloomiviirused ja naharakke nakatavad papilloomiviirused. Naha papilloomiviirused on siiani pälvinud vähem tähelepanu, sest nende võimalik seos nahakasvajatega on tulnud ilmsiks alles viimasel kümnendil. Meie keskendusime oma töös naha papilloomiviirusele HPV5, mida on viimasel ajal hakatud seostama nahakasvajate tekkega, aga mida on siiani ikkagi suhteliselt vähe uuritud. Meie töö tulemusena valmis HPV5 transkriptsiooni kaart, mille iseloomustamiseks me kasutasime inimese sääreluu kasvaja rakuliini U2OS. Selle rakuliini abil õnnestus meil kirjeldada 14 erinevat viiruse mRNAd. Edasises töös keskendusime viirusvalgu E2 uurimisele, mis on põhiline viiruse elutsükli regulaator. E2 valgul on lisaks täispikale valgule veel kaks isovormi, valgu C-terminaalset osa sisaldav E2C ja alternatiivse splaissinguga saadud E8/E2. Me uurisime E2 paiknemist rakus ja leidsime, et lühike E8 valgu järjestus on piisav selleks, et valk suunata raku tuuma. Meile teadaolevalt on see järjestus lühim tuuma suunav järjestus, mis on siiani teada. Tänu proteoomika arengule on siiani leitud üle 200 E2 partnervalgu, millest enamuse funktsioon viiruse elutsüklis on siiani teadmata. Meie leidsime uue E2-ga seonduva rakulise valgu, milleks on tuumamüosiin 1. See on esimene müosiini perekonda kuuluv E2 partnervalk ja katsed näitasid, et tuumamüosiin 1 mõjutab HPV5 DNA paljunemist rakus.Cutaneous papillomaviruses infect human cutaneous epithelium and in most cases these infections pass without symptoms, but in some instances, they can cause lesions and induce squamous cell carcinomas. One of the most prevalent virus types detected in skin cancer is HPV5. We tried to bring through our work more understanding about the properties of these viruses and focused our attention to HPV5 and to the first part of its life-cycle in the cells. We wanted to characterize HPV5 more thoroughly at RNA level and managed to identify HPV transcription map. We also studied papillomavirus main regulator protein E2, which influences all main viral life events. We studied E2 localization in the cell and identified short nuclear targeting signal, that sends proteins to the nucleus. We also found new E2 interaction partner nuclear myosin 1, which influences HPV5 replication
Enabling collaboration in virtual reality navigators
In this paper we characterize a feature superset for Collaborative
Virtual Reality Environments (CVRE), and derive a component
framework to transform stand-alone VR navigators into full-fledged
multithreaded collaborative environments. The contributions of our
approach rely on a cost-effective and extensible technique for
loading software components into separate POSIX threads for
rendering, user interaction and network communications, and adding a
top layer for managing session collaboration. The framework recasts
a VR navigator under a distributed peer-to-peer topology for scene
and object sharing, using callback hooks for broadcasting remote
events and multicamera perspective sharing with avatar interaction.
We validate the framework by applying it to our own ALICE VR
Navigator. Experimental results show that our approach has good
performance in the collaborative inspection of complex models.Postprint (published version
Control of human papillomavirus gene expression by alternative splicing
Human papillomaviruses possess circular double stranded DNA genomes of around 8 kb in size from which multiple mRNAs are synthesized during an infectious life cycle. Although at least three viral promoters are used to initiate transcription, viral mRNAs are largely the product of processing of pre-mRNAs by alternative splicing and polyadenylation. The HPV life cycle and viral gene expression are tightly linked to differentiation of the epithelium the virus infects: there is an orchestrated production of viral mRNAs and proteins. In this review we describe viral mRNA expression and the roles of the SR and hnRNP proteins that respectively positively and negatively regulate splicing. We discuss HPV regulation of splicing factors and detail the evidence that the papillomavirus E2 protein has splicing-related activities. We highlight the possibility that HPV-mediated control of splicing in differentiating epithelial cells may be necessary to accomplish the viral replication cycle
Introducing risk management into the grid
Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are explicit statements about all expectations and obligations in the business partnership between customers and providers. They have been introduced in Grid computing to overcome the best effort approach, making the Grid more interesting for commercial applications. However, decisions on negotiation and system management still rely on static approaches, not reflecting the risk linked with decisions. The EC-funded project "AssessGrid" aims at introducing risk assessment and management as a novel decision paradigm into Grid computing. This paper gives a general motivation for risk management and presents the envisaged architecture of a "risk-aware" Grid middleware and Grid fabric, highlighting its functionality by means of three showcase scenarios
An Overview of a Grid Architecture for Scientific Computing
This document gives an overview of a Grid testbed architecture proposal for
the NorduGrid project. The aim of the project is to establish an inter-Nordic
testbed facility for implementation of wide area computing and data handling.
The architecture is supposed to define a Grid system suitable for solving data
intensive problems at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. We present the various
architecture components needed for such a system. After that we go on to give a
description of the dynamics by showing the task flow
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