A Survey of Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G Wireless Networks and Challenges Ahead

Physical layer security which safeguards data confidentiality based on the information-theoretic approaches has received significant research interest recently. The key idea behind physical layer security is to utilize the intrinsic randomness of the transmission channel to guarantee the security in physical layer. The evolution towards 5G wireless communications poses new challenges for physical layer security research. This paper provides a latest survey of the physical layer security research on various promising 5G technologies, including physical layer security coding, massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks, non-orthogonal multiple access, full duplex technology, etc. Technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are summarized and the future trends of physical layer security in 5G and beyond are discussed.Comment: To appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication

Energy-Efficient NOMA Enabled Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks

Heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) are envisioned to be promising in the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. H-CRANs enable users to enjoy diverse services with high energy efficiency, high spectral efficiency, and low-cost operation, which are achieved by using cloud computing and virtualization techniques. However, H-CRANs face many technical challenges due to massive user connectivity, increasingly severe spectrum scarcity and energy-constrained devices. These challenges may significantly decrease the quality of service of users if not properly tackled. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes exploit non-orthogonal resources to provide services for multiple users and are receiving increasing attention for their potential of improving spectral and energy efficiency in 5G networks. In this article a framework for energy-efficient NOMA H-CRANs is presented. The enabling technologies for NOMA H-CRANs are surveyed. Challenges to implement these technologies and open issues are discussed. This article also presents the performance evaluation on energy efficiency of H-CRANs with NOMA.Comment: This work has been accepted by IEEE Network. Pages 18, Figure

State of the Art, Taxonomy, and Open Issues on Cognitive Radio Networks with NOMA

The explosive growth of mobile devices and the rapid increase of wideband wireless services call for advanced communication techniques that can achieve high spectral efficiency and meet the massive connectivity requirement. Cognitive radio (CR) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are envisioned to be important solutions for the fifth generation wireless networks. Integrating NOMA techniques into CR networks (CRNs) has the tremendous potential to improve spectral efficiency and increase the system capacity. However, there are many technical challenges due to the severe interference caused by using NOMA. Many efforts have been made to facilitate the application of NOMA into CRNs and to investigate the performance of CRNs with NOMA. This article aims to survey the latest research results along this direction. A taxonomy is devised to categorize the literature based on operation paradigms, enabling techniques, design objectives and optimization characteristics. Moreover, the key challenges are outlined to provide guidelines for the domain researchers and designers to realize CRNs with NOMA. Finally, the open issues are discussed.Comment: This paper has been accepted by IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine. Pages 16, Figures