ElectroGes - a Household IoT Energy Management System

Domestic appliances plugged to the electrical mains power may, at some point, exceed the maximum contracted power supplied from the electrical company. To avoid a power cut-off on these cases, an energy management system is needed so that some appliances are automatically switched off before others are switched on. In order to do this, appliances have to be described in a privileged structure so that power is always available for some of them while other share leftovers. ElecroGes is a system that provides the house owner with a means to define the priorities of the connected appliances and manage them in an autonomous way; a working implementation is provided

Towards a secure and resilient IoT architecture for smart home energy management

This paper examines the development of consumer IoT solutions for the control of electrical energy in the home. Use of smart appliances is at the centre of the UK Government’s strategy for managing CO2 emissions and domestic electricity demand. The current market for IoT-enabled products that control domestic lighting and heating is rapidly evolving with a range of devices already available. Development of demand side response solutions will see these devices and smart appliances being integrated into consumer energy management solutions. The paper examines the architecture and security implications of these developments, explores some of the security risks and identifies a number of mitigation measures. It concludes by identifying future work that is required to address the security threats, both in the home and to the electricity supply system

Rescheduling electricity demands in domestic buildings

Utilisation of electricity within the domestic sector is examined. The characteristically time-dependent behaviours o f domestic consumers and their associated usages of household appliances, result in "peaky" daily electricity-demand curves. This is not conducive to achieving (i) a high-efftciency electricity supply, (ii) low rates o f financial investment in new generating plant or (iii) curtailing rates of pollutant emissions. A relatively energy-efficient, environmentally-clean, electricity-supply system can only be realised when the total demand (i.e. the total for the domestic, commercial and industrial sectors) versus time curve does not exhibit rapid changes in gradient. In order to achieve this goal, existing and more appropriate electrical-load management techniques need to be implemented, especially for the domestic sector. Thus opportunities fo r demand-side load-management are assessed together with the prospective benefits obtainable by domestic consumers and electricity-supply companies. The operation o f appliances, which are significant contributors to the typical daily household electricity-demand profile, are examined in detail. Demand profiles for individual appliances are presented and, where appropriate, examples of thermal, motive and control sub-profiles are provided. Patterns of appliance use within households are discussed with various recommendations for achieving reduced load profiles, both for specific appliances and households.MPhi

Smart Home Laboratory for Smart Grid Infrastructure in Turkey

Akıllı şebekeler konusunda yapılan çalışmalarda, özellikle enerji verimliliğinin etkin bir şekilde sağlanması için temel olarak evlerdeki elektrik enerjisi tüketimi ele alınmaktadır. Bu tüketim değerleri ile enerji üretim tesislerinin kontrolü ve izlenmesi ile enerji akışının verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmalarda üzerinde en çok durulan konulardan birisi de akıllı şebekelerin temelini oluşturan “akıllı evler (smart homes)”dir. Akıllı evlerin yerel şebekedeki diğer tüketicilerle ve evlerde bulunan elektrikli cihazlarla haberleşmesi sayesinde elektrik enerji sistemi daha verimli bir şekilde işletilebilir. Bu sayede, tüketim değerlerinin mevcut enerji üretimine oldukça başarılı bir şekilde adapte edilebilmesi mümkün hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (ISTKA)’nın desteğiyle Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi bünyesinde kurulan akıllı şebekeler alt yapısına uygun Akıllı Ev ele alınacaktır. Kurulan evde tüketicinin enerji ihtiyacı hem yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından sağlanabilmekte hem de geliştirilen enerji yönetim algoritmalarıyla enerjinin etkin kullanımı üzerine araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. In smart grid related studies ,mainly domestic electrical energy consumption is discussed in order to provide a better energy efficiency. It is stated that, control and observation of both domestic consumption rates and power plants will provide more effective energy flow. One of the core point of these studies are “smart homes” which can be considered as principal component of smart grids. The communication of smart homes with other consumers in the grid and the electrical appliances in the home provides a more efficient management of electrical energy system. Therefore it becomes possible to adapt consumption rates to the existent energy production in a succesfull way. In this study, a smart grid compatible smart home, established with the support of ISTKA (Istanbul Development Agency) in Yildiz Technical University, will be evaluated. In the constructed smart home, the user’s energy demand is provided by the renewable energy resources and research is being conducted for energy management algorithms for more effective use of electrical energy

Demand Side Management Techniques for Home Energy Management Systems for Smart Cities

In this paper, three distinct distributed energy resources (DERs) modules have been built based on demand side management (DSM), and their use in power management of dwelling in future smart cities has been investigated. The investigated modules for DERs system are: incorporation of load shedding, reduction of grid penetration with renewable energy systems (RES), and implementation of home energy management systems (HEMS). The suggested approaches offer new potential for improving demand side efficiency and helping to minimize energy demand during peak hours. The main aim of this work was to investigate and explore how a specific DSM strategy for DER may assist in reducing energy usage while increasing efficiency by utilizing new developing technology. The Electrical Power System Analysis (ETAP) software was used to model and assess the integration of distributed generation, such as RES, in order to use local power storage. An energy management system has been used to evaluate a PV system with an individual household load, which proved beneficial when evaluating its potential to generate about 20–25% of the total domestic load. In this study, we have investigated how smart home appliances’ energy consumption may be minimized and explained why a management system is required to optimally utilize a PV system. Furthermore, the effect of integration of wind turbines to power networks to reduce the load on the main power grid has also been studied. The study revealed that smart grids improve energy efficiency, security, and management whilst creating environmental awareness for consumers with regards to power usage

A Three-Step Methodology to Improve Domestic Energy Efficiency

Increasing energy prices and the greenhouse effect lead to more awareness of energy efficiency of electricity supply. During the last years, a lot of technologies have been developed to improve this efficiency. Next to large scale technologies such as windturbine parks, domestic technologies are developed. These domestic technologies can be divided in 1) Distributed Generation (DG), 2) Energy Storage and 3) Demand Side Load Management. Control algorithms optimizing a combination of these techniques can raise the energy reduction potential of the individual techniques. In this paper an overview of current research is given and a general concept is deducted. Based on this concept, a three-step optimization methodology is proposed using 1) offline local prediction, 2) offline global planning and 3) online local scheduling. The paper ends with results of simulations and field tests showing that the methodology is promising.\u

An application of life cycle assessment (LCA) within the Catalonian building sector: A case study

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool has been applied to evaluate environmental impacts through the whole building life cycle. LCA has been carried out in accordance to the international standard of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. As a reference, an application of LCA has been made to a Catalan house located in Barcelona, Spain with a projected 50 years life span. In this work, construction, use (operationand maintenance) and end-of-life phases have been considered. The operational energy consumed during thedwelling period was modeled using a mix of electrical power for electrical appliances, illumination, heating and cooling; and using thermal energy from natural gas for domestic hot water and cooking. Result shows that the highest environmental impacts during the dwelling’s life cycle took place during the use hase. The total impact of global warming potential was 4.52+01 kgCO2-Equiv. m-2 a-1 of which use phase accountedfor 92% (operation 90% and maintenance 2%), construction represented 7% and end-of-life contributed less than 1%. Regarding the operation phase, cooling had the highest environmental burden with 33%, heating represented 9%, followed by illumination 26% and electrical appliances 19%. The other two household activities accountedfor less than 12% (domestic hot water 9% and cooking 4%) of total phase. During the construction phase, the production of building materials represented about 97%, transport to the job site 2% and waste management 1% of total phase. The total primary energy demand was 5.26E+01 MJ m-2 a-1 (gross calorific value) of which non renewableprimary energy demand represents 78% and renewable energy demand 22%. In summary, data for a Catalan home has been provided to evaluate environmental impacts using LCA tool. Data have been modelled into the Gabi software system. Finally, LCA is a suitable tool to evaluate environmental impacts throughout all phases of the building life cycle

A three-dimensional model of residential energy consumer archetypes for local energy policy design in the UK

This paper reviews major studies in three traditional lines of research in residential energy consumption in the UK, i.e. economic/infrastructure, behaviour, and load profiling. Based on the review the paper proposes a three-dimensional model for archetyping residential energy consumers in the UK by considering property energy efficiency levels, the greenness of household behaviour of using energy, and the duration of property daytime occupancy. With the proposed model, eight archetypes of residential energy consumers in the UK have been identified. They are: pioneer greens, follower greens, concerned greens, home stayers, unconscientious wasters, regular wasters, daytime wasters, and disengaged wasters. Using a case study, these archetypes of residential energy consumers demonstrate the robustness of the 3-D model in aiding local energy policy/intervention design in the UK

Keberkesanan penggunaan edubase dalam kalangan pelajar teknikal yang berbeza gaya kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor di Politeknik Malaysia

Bahan bantu pengajaran yang digunakan secara bersesuaian dengan pelajar menyumbang kepada perkembangan pembelajaran mereka. Dalam dunia pendidikan teknikal, aspek kognitif dan psikomotor turut memberi kesan kepada kualiti pembelajaran pelajar. Kajian ini membincangkan tentang kesan penggunaan EDUBASE terhadap pencapaian dan minat pelajar yang mempunyai gaya kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor yang berbeza dalam topik Electromagnetism. Seramai 70 orang pelajar politeknik yang terdiri daripada 33 pelajar kumpulan rawatan dan 37 pelajar kumpulan kawalan telah terlibat dalam kajian yang menggunakan kaedah kuasi-ekperimen ini. Ujian kognitif, psikomotor, ujian pra-pasca dan kaji selidik telah diagihkan untuk memantau kesan penggunaan EDUBASE terhadap pelajar. Dapatan kajian ini telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik MANCOVA, korelasi Pearson dan skor min. Hasil dapatan dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang tidak signifikan secara statistik bagi skor pelajar kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan. Namun, skor min menunjukkan kumpulan rawatan memberikan skor yang lebih cemerlang dan minat mereka juga turut meningkat dalam topik pembelajaran tersebut berbanding pelajar yang mengaplikasikan pembelajaran secara konvensional. Selain itu, hasil dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan terhadap minat dan pencapaian. Di samping itu, EDUBASE yang diaplikasikan telah memenuhi keperluan dan minat pelajar. Secara ringkasnya, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan EDUBASE sebagai alat bahan bantu mengajar dilihat berkesan dalam memberikan kecemerlangan pencapaian dan meningkatkan minat pelajar politeknik terhadap topik Electromagnetism