Nonorthogonal Multiple Access for 5G and Beyond

This work was supported in part by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grant EP/N029720/1 and Grant EP/N029720/2. The work of L. Hanzo was supported by the ERC Advanced Fellow Grant Beam-me-up

Internet of Things and Sensors Networks in 5G Wireless Communications

The Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted much attention from society, industry and academia as a promising technology that can enhance day to day activities, and the creation of new business models, products and services, and serve as a broad source of research topics and ideas. A future digital society is envisioned, composed of numerous wireless connected sensors and devices. Driven by huge demand, the massive IoT (mIoT) or massive machine type communication (mMTC) has been identified as one of the three main communication scenarios for 5G. In addition to connectivity, computing and storage and data management are also long-standing issues for low-cost devices and sensors. The book is a collection of outstanding technical research and industrial papers covering new research results, with a wide range of features within the 5G-and-beyond framework. It provides a range of discussions of the major research challenges and achievements within this topic

Internet of Things and Sensors Networks in 5G Wireless Communications

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Internet of Things and Sensors Networks in 5G Wireless Communications that was published in Sensors

Internet of Things and Sensors Networks in 5G Wireless Communications

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Internet of Things and Sensors Networks in 5G Wireless Communications that was published in Sensors

Reference Model for Interoperability of Autonomous Systems

This thesis proposes a reference model to describe the components of an Un-manned Air, Ground, Surface, or Underwater System (UxS), and the use of a single Interoperability Building Block to command, control, and get feedback from such vehicles. The importance and advantages of such a reference model, with a standard nomenclature and taxonomy, is shown. We overview the concepts of interoperability and some efforts to achieve common refer-ence models in other areas. We then present an overview of existing un-manned systems, their history, characteristics, classification, and missions. The concept of Interoperability Building Blocks (IBB) is introduced to describe standards, protocols, data models, and frameworks, and a large set of these are analyzed. A new and powerful reference model for UxS, named RAMP, is proposed, that describes the various components that a UxS may have. It is a hierarchical model with four levels, that describes the vehicle components, the datalink, and the ground segment. The reference model is validated by showing how it can be applied in various projects the author worked on. An example is given on how a single standard was capable of controlling a set of heterogeneous UAVs, USVs, and UGVs

Energy harvesting aided device-to-device communication in the over-sailing heterogeneous two-tier downlink

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication and heterogeneous networks have been considered as promising techniques for alleviating the demand both for increased spectral resources and for additional infrastructure required for meeting the increased tele-traffic. For the sake of improving both the bandwidth efficiency and the network capacity of heterogeneous cellular networks constituted by multiple tiers, a direct D2D communication is arranged between a pair of nearby devices without involving the base station (BS), whilst reusing the cellular resources. We aim for maximising the sum-rate of the energy harvesting (EH) aided D2D links in a two-tier heterogeneous network by superimposing their messages on the downlink resources of mobile users (MUs), which is achieved without unduly degrading MU's throughput. Specifically, our optimization problem relies on the objective function of maximising the D2D sum-rate based on the joint assignment of both the resource blocks (RBs) and of the transmission power for both the EH aided D2D links and the MUs. This non-convex optimization problem, which is intractable in its original form, is then converted to a tractable convex problem, which is then analyzed by invoking the method of Lagrange multipliers of constrained optimization. As a result, an algorithmic solution defined as joint optimization of RB and power allocation (JORPA) is proposed, which jointly allocates the RBs and power for the D2D links, whilst relying on the results of Lagrangian constrained optimization, when the base stations (BSs) of different tiers obey one of the following regimes: (a) orthogonal; (b) co-channel; and (c) the proposed co-orthogonal channel deployments. We also propose low complexity heuristic methods for optimizing the D2D transmit power, while defining the D2D-MU matching heuristically and vice versa. The per formance of both the JORPA algorithm as well as of the low-complexity heuristic algorithms is quantitatively analyzed using our simulation results for different channel deployments relying on diverse network parameter settings. As expected, orthogonal deployment performs best, followed by the co-orthogonal and co-channel deployments. Moreover, the throughput experienced by the MUs in presence of D2D communication is guaranteed by our co-orthogonal scheme as well as orthogonal scheme, while co-channel suffers a marginal degradation when compared with throughput threshold. We also demonstrate that our equal power allocation heuristic method is capable of achieving 96% of the sum-rate achieved by JORPA while other heuristic methods perform less well, implying that the optimization of the D2D-MU matching is indeed crucial for the system considered

Energy harvesting Aided Device-to-Device Communication in the Over-Sailing Heterogeneous Two-Tier Downlink

This is research data associated with recently accepted IEEE Access journal titled &#39;Energy Harvesting Aided Device-to-Device Communication in the Over-Sailing Heterogeneous Two-Tier Downlink&#39;.Abstract: Device-to-Device (D2D) communication and heterogeneous networks have been considered as promising techniques for alleviating the demand both for increased spectral resources and for additional infrastructure required for meeting the increased tele-traffic. For the sake of improving both the bandwidth efficiency and the network capacity of heterogeneous cellular networks constituted by multiple tiers, a direct D2D communication is arranged between a pair of nearby devices without involving the base station (BS), whilst reusing the cellular resources. We aim for maximising the sum-rate of the energy harvesting (EH) aided D2D links in a two-tier HetNet by superimposing their messages on the downlink resources of mobile users (MUs), which is achieved without unduly degrading MU&#39;s throughput. Specifically, our optimization problem relies on the objective function of maximising the D2D sum-rate based on the joint assignment of both the resource blocks (RBs) and of the transmission power for both the EH aided D2D links and for the MUs. This non-convex optimization problem, which is intractable in its original form, is then converted to a tractable convex problem, which is then analyzed by invoking the method of Lagrange multipliers of constrained optimization. As a result, an algorithmic solution defined as &#39;joint optimization of RB and power allocation (JORPA)&#39; is proposed, which jointly allocates the RBs and power for the D2D links, whilst relying on the results of Lagrangian constrained optimization, when the base stations (BSs) of different tiers obey one of the following regimes: (a) orthogonal, (b) co-channel and (c) the proposed co-orthogonal channel deployments. We also propose low complexity heuristic methods for optimising the D2D transmit power while defining the D2D-MU matching heuristically and vice versa. The performance of both the JORPA algorithm as well as of the low-complexity heuristic algorithms is quantitatively analysed using our simulation results for different channel deployments relying on diverse network parameter settings. As expected, orthogonal deployment performs best, followed by the co-orthogonal and co-channel deployments. Moreover, the throughput experienced by the MUs in presence of D2D communication is guaranteed by our co-orthogonal scheme as well as orthogonal scheme, while co-channel suffers a marginal degradation when compared with throughput threshold. We also demonstrate that our &#39;equal power allocation (EPA)&#39; heuristic method is capable of achieving 96% of the sum-rate achieved JORPA while other heuristic methods perform less well, implying that the optimization of the D2D-MU matching is indeed crucial for the system considered.</span

Políticas de Copyright de Publicações Científicas em Repositórios Institucionais: O Caso do INESC TEC

A progressiva transformação das práticas científicas, impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento das novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), têm possibilitado aumentar o acesso à informação, caminhando gradualmente para uma abertura do ciclo de pesquisa. Isto permitirá resolver a longo prazo uma adversidade que se tem colocado aos investigadores, que passa pela existência de barreiras que limitam as condições de acesso, sejam estas geográficas ou financeiras. Apesar da produção científica ser dominada, maioritariamente, por grandes editoras comerciais, estando sujeita às regras por estas impostas, o Movimento do Acesso Aberto cuja primeira declaração pública, a Declaração de Budapeste (BOAI), é de 2002, vem propor alterações significativas que beneficiam os autores e os leitores. Este Movimento vem a ganhar importância em Portugal desde 2003, com a constituição do primeiro repositório institucional a nível nacional. Os repositórios institucionais surgiram como uma ferramenta de divulgação da produção científica de uma instituição, com o intuito de permitir abrir aos resultados da investigação, quer antes da publicação e do próprio processo de arbitragem (preprint), quer depois (postprint), e, consequentemente, aumentar a visibilidade do trabalho desenvolvido por um investigador e a respetiva instituição. O estudo apresentado, que passou por uma análise das políticas de copyright das publicações científicas mais relevantes do INESC TEC, permitiu não só perceber que as editoras adotam cada vez mais políticas que possibilitam o auto-arquivo das publicações em repositórios institucionais, como também que existe todo um trabalho de sensibilização a percorrer, não só para os investigadores, como para a instituição e toda a sociedade. A produção de um conjunto de recomendações, que passam pela implementação de uma política institucional que incentive o auto-arquivo das publicações desenvolvidas no âmbito institucional no repositório, serve como mote para uma maior valorização da produção científica do INESC TEC.The progressive transformation of scientific practices, driven by the development of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which made it possible to increase access to information, gradually moving towards an opening of the research cycle. This opening makes it possible to resolve, in the long term, the adversity that has been placed on researchers, which involves the existence of barriers that limit access conditions, whether geographical or financial. Although large commercial publishers predominantly dominate scientific production and subject it to the rules imposed by them, the Open Access movement whose first public declaration, the Budapest Declaration (BOAI), was in 2002, proposes significant changes that benefit the authors and the readers. This Movement has gained importance in Portugal since 2003, with the constitution of the first institutional repository at the national level. Institutional repositories have emerged as a tool for disseminating the scientific production of an institution to open the results of the research, both before publication and the preprint process and postprint, increase the visibility of work done by an investigator and his or her institution. The present study, which underwent an analysis of the copyright policies of INESC TEC most relevant scientific publications, allowed not only to realize that publishers are increasingly adopting policies that make it possible to self-archive publications in institutional repositories, all the work of raising awareness, not only for researchers but also for the institution and the whole society. The production of a set of recommendations, which go through the implementation of an institutional policy that encourages the self-archiving of the publications developed in the institutional scope in the repository, serves as a motto for a greater appreciation of the scientific production of INESC TEC

Life Sciences Program Tasks and Bibliography for FY 1997

This document includes information on all peer reviewed projects funded by the Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications, Life Sciences Division during fiscal year 1997. This document will be published annually and made available to scientists in the space life sciences field both as a hard copy and as an interactive internet web page