What Works? How Federal Contractors are Implementing Section 503: Survey Report

In September 2013, The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) published the final rule making changes to the regulations implementing Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (Section 503). In March 2014, new regulations went into effect, setting new requirements for federal contractors and subcontractors, related to non-discrimination and affirmative action in the employment of qualified individuals with disabilities. For example, contractors now are required to offer applicants and employees the opportunity to self-identify as a person with a disability and further to use the data collected to understand their progress toward a 7% utilization goal for employment of individuals with disabilities.1 This survey is part of a larger project entitled Initial Impact of Section 503 Rules: Identifying Effective Employer Practices and Trends in Disability Violations among Federal Contractors funded by the US Department of Labor, Chief Evaluation Office. The overall goal of this project is to understand the initial impact of these regulations on employer practices and consequently on the employment environment for individuals with disabilities. The purpose of the survey summarized in this report is to build an understanding of contractor disability-inclusive policy and practice in initially responding to Section 503 regulations. The survey is titled: What Works? How Federal Contractors Are Implementing Section 503, and is referred to as Section 503 Survey in this report

Data Portraits and Intermediary Topics: Encouraging Exploration of Politically Diverse Profiles

In micro-blogging platforms, people connect and interact with others. However, due to cognitive biases, they tend to interact with like-minded people and read agreeable information only. Many efforts to make people connect with those who think differently have not worked well. In this paper, we hypothesize, first, that previous approaches have not worked because they have been direct -- they have tried to explicitly connect people with those having opposing views on sensitive issues. Second, that neither recommendation or presentation of information by themselves are enough to encourage behavioral change. We propose a platform that mixes a recommender algorithm and a visualization-based user interface to explore recommendations. It recommends politically diverse profiles in terms of distance of latent topics, and displays those recommendations in a visual representation of each user's personal content. We performed an "in the wild" evaluation of this platform, and found that people explored more recommendations when using a biased algorithm instead of ours. In line with our hypothesis, we also found that the mixture of our recommender algorithm and our user interface, allowed politically interested users to exhibit an unbiased exploration of the recommended profiles. Finally, our results contribute insights in two aspects: first, which individual differences are important when designing platforms aimed at behavioral change; and second, which algorithms and user interfaces should be mixed to help users avoid cognitive mechanisms that lead to biased behavior.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. To be presented at ACM Intelligent User Interfaces 201

CHORUS Deliverable 2.2: Second report - identification of multi-disciplinary key issues for gap analysis toward EU multimedia search engines roadmap

After addressing the state-of-the-art during the first year of Chorus and establishing the existing landscape in multimedia search engines, we have identified and analyzed gaps within European research effort during our second year. In this period we focused on three directions, notably technological issues, user-centred issues and use-cases and socio- economic and legal aspects. These were assessed by two central studies: firstly, a concerted vision of functional breakdown of generic multimedia search engine, and secondly, a representative use-cases descriptions with the related discussion on requirement for technological challenges. Both studies have been carried out in cooperation and consultation with the community at large through EC concertation meetings (multimedia search engines cluster), several meetings with our Think-Tank, presentations in international conferences, and surveys addressed to EU projects coordinators as well as National initiatives coordinators. Based on the obtained feedback we identified two types of gaps, namely core technological gaps that involve research challenges, and “enablers”, which are not necessarily technical research challenges, but have impact on innovation progress. New socio-economic trends are presented as well as emerging legal challenges

Information-processing capabilities as a transactive memory system : a comparative study of two distributed R&D teams

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A Brief History of Digital Preservation

Digital objects are composed of bitstreams, sequences of 1’s and 0’s, which require specific software (and in some cases hardware) to make the content understandable to human users. Digital objects, like word processing documents, digital images, websites, e-mails, datasets and so much more, are fragile, easy to modify, and susceptible to bit rot (loss or reordering parts of the bitstream) and obsolescence. Digital preservation is a combination of policies and workflows that dictate the active management of digital objects to ensure their continued authenticity and meaningful access over time. Obsolescence is one of the unending battles that digital preservationists fight. File formats are continually updated, hardware consistently replaced, and software abandoned. One common strategy to combat obsolescence is to migrate older digital objects into new formats. To keep these digital objects available for future users, long-term digital preservation is essential

A responsive architectural strategy for the generations of smart communities: an integrated tech hub in Welbedacht, Durban.

Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.The social and economic development of peri-urban communities are often overlooked by government contributing to a centralized development approach. This approach encourages migration to areas with more opportunity, preventing development of the underserved community. The uneven distribution of developmental resources and facilities leads to the manifestation of the assumption that opportunities to progress are centralized to certain areas of the city. This divide affects the communities’ morale to empower themselves within their locale thereby hindering their development and growth. In order for South Africa to foster a developmental state, it is vital to create initiatives in underserved peri-urban communities such as Welbedacht, that are more inclusive and empower individuals to control their own development. The theories presented in this research is an attempt to understand how architecture, responding to current issues in peri-urban communities, can act as a social agency for change to help enable, integrate and empower underserved peri-urban communities. Answering the research question, “What is the role of the built environment in enabling, integrating and empowering communities?” Place theories are applied to understanding people; linkage theories are applied in order to understand the needed infrastructure and theories of Socio-Ecological Resilience is applied in order to understand the design principles needed to achieve a holistically responsive architecture. Unilaterally connected, the theories will be applied so that connection between the theories provide a design strategy for sustainable development of smart peri-urban communities Explored in the research is architectural examples that encompass the principles identified through literature review, tectonic, technique and technology. Although the context of the precedent has similarities, no site is the same and therefore the community of Welbedacht is explored in detail (social, economic and environmental context). With an aim of sustainable development, the research focuses on a design outcome to encourage and facilitate active participation of citizens in the development of their communities

Towards Sustainable Co-Management of Mekong River Inland Aquatic Resources, Including Fisheries, in Southern Lao PDR

This paper presents historical information regarding the development of the aquatic resource co-management system in Khong District, Champasak Province, Southern Lao PDF. Between 1993 and 1998, 63 villages in Khong District established co-management regulations to sustainably manage and conserve inland aquatic resources, including fisheries, in the Mekong River, streams, backwater wetlands, and rice paddy fields. Local government has endorsed these regulations, but villages have been given the mandate to choose what regulations to adopt based on local conditions and community consensus. Communities are also empowered to alter regulations in response to changing circumstances. Villagers have widely reported increased fish catches since the adoption of aquatic resource co-management regulations. Improved solidarity and coordination within and between rural fishing and farming villages has also been observed. While many of the lessons learned from the co-management experience in Khong are applicable to other parts of Laos and the region, unique conditions in different areas will require inventive approaches to meet local needs. Common property regimes can break down in crisis, but experience in Khong indicates that they can also be strengthened in response to resource management crisis

Biased behavior in web activities: from understanding to unbiased visual exploration

Las tendencias actuales en la Web apuntan hacia la personalización de contenido, lo que no sería un problema en un mundo uniforme y sin sesgos, pero nuestro mundo no es ni uniforme ni libre de sesgos. En esta tesis planteamos la hipótesis de que los sesgos sistémicos y cognitivos que afectan a las personas en el mundo físico también afectan el comportamiento de éstas al explorar contenido en la Web. Proponemos que es posible fomentar una disminución en el comportamiento sesgado a través de una mirada holística que incluye cuantificación de sesgos, formulación de algoritmos, y diseño de interfaces de usuario. Estas tres partes del proceso propuesto son implementadas utilizando técnicas de Minería de la Web. A su vez, son guiadas por las Ciencias Sociales, y presentadas a través de sistemas Casuales de Visualización de Información. Seguimos un enfoque transversal en el cual se aplica este proceso con diferentes niveles de profundidad a lo largo de tres casos de estudio en Wikipedia y Twitter. Como resultado, observamos que los sesgos presentes en el mundo físico efectivamente se ven reflejados en plataformas Web, afectando el contenido, la percepción y el comportamiento de las personas. A través del análisis transversal de los casos de estudio, se presentan las siguientes conclusiones: 1) las herramientas de Minería de la Web son efectivas para medir y detectar comportamiento sesgado; 2) las técnicas de Visualización de Información enfocadas en personas no expertas fomentan el comportamiento no sesgado; y 3) no existen soluciones universales, y en adición a los contextos sociales y culturales, los sesgos deben ser considerados a la hora de diseñar sistemas. Para alcanzar estas conclusiones se implementaron sistemas "en la selva", evaluados de manera cuantitativa en un entorno no controlado, con un enfoque en métricas de participación y compromiso. El uso de dichas métricas es una contribución de la tesis, ya que probaron ser efectivas al medir diferencias en el comportamiento en sistemas exploratorios

Increasing Involvement in and Awareness of Coastal Zone Management in New Jersey

A discussion paper prepared as part of a series of focus groups on the topic of the Increasing Involvement in and Awareness of Coastal Zone Management in New Jersey. Among the requirements of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) for state coastal management programs are procedures for public participation and intergovernmental coordination in program development and implementation. The CZMA was one of a number of environmental statutes passed by Congress in the early 1970s that made public participation a cornerstone of the program. Most government programs have since adopted this philosophy, and experience over the past several decades confirms the value of an engaged and educated constituency

Towards integrated island management: lessons from Lau, Malaita, for the implementation of a national approach to resource management in Solomon Islands: final report

Solomon Islands has recently developed substantial policy aiming to support inshore fisheries management, conservation, climate change adaptation and ecosystem approaches to resource management. A large body of experience in community based approaches to management has developed but “upscaling” and particularly the implementation of nation-wide approaches has received little attention so far. With the emerging challenges posed by climate change and the need for ecosystem wide and integrated approaches attracting serious donor attention, a national debate on the most effective approaches to implementation is urgently needed. This report discusses potential implementation of “a cost-effective and integrated approach to resource management that is consistent with national policy and needs” based on a review of current policy and institutional structures and examination of a recent case study from Lau, Malaita using stakeholder, transaction and financial cost analyses