47,870 research outputs found
ICT and the Environment in Developing Countries: an Overview of Opportunities and Developments
Both developed and developing countries face many environmental challenges, including climate change, improving energy efficiency and waste management, addressing air pollution, water quality and scarcity, and loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. Drawing on the existing literature, this paper presents an overview of how the Internet and the ICT and related research communities can help tackle environmental challenges in developing countries. The review focuses on the role of ICTs in climate change mitigation, mitigating other environmental pressures, and climate change adaptation.information and communication technology (ICT), environment, climate change, mitigation, adaptation.
Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Governance for Sustainable Development of Africa’s Agri-food System
Africa has the human capital to transform its agricultural sector
Growth in urban markets provides new opportunities for enterprise development
Investments in science, technology, engineering and math must be increased
Bold leadership, as well as policies that promote R&D collaboration and provide incentives for partnering with the private sector, should be implemented
Potential of using remote sensing techniques for global assessment of water footprint of crops
Remote sensing has long been a useful tool in global applications, since it provides physically-based, worldwide, and consistent spatial information. This paper discusses the potential of using these techniques in the research field of water management, particularly for ‘Water Footprint’ (WF) studies. The WF of a crop is defined as the volume of water consumed for its production, where green and blue WF stand for rain and irrigation water usage, respectively. In this paper evapotranspiration, precipitation, water storage, runoff and land use are identified as key variables to potentially be estimated by remote sensing and used for WF assessment. A mass water balance is proposed to calculate the volume of irrigation applied, and green and blue WF are obtained from the green and blue evapotranspiration components. The source of remote sensing data is described and a simplified example is included, which uses evapotranspiration estimates from the geostationary satellite Meteosat 9 and precipitation estimates obtained with the Climatic Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH). The combination of data in this approach brings several limitations with respect to discrepancies in spatial and temporal resolution and data availability, which are discussed in detail. This work provides new tools for global WF assessment and represents an innovative approach to global irrigation mapping, enabling the estimation of green and blue water use
Earth Observations and Integrative Models in Support of Food and Water Security
Global food production depends upon many factors that Earth observing satellites routinely measure about water, energy, weather, and ecosystems. Increasingly sophisticated, publicly-available satellite data products can improve efficiencies in resource management and provide earlier indication of environmental disruption. Satellite remote sensing provides a consistent, long-term record that can be used effectively to detect large-scale features over time, such as a developing drought. Accuracy and capabilities have increased along with the range of Earth observations and derived products that can support food security decisions with actionable information. This paper highlights major capabilities facilitated by satellite observations and physical models that have been developed and validated using remotely-sensed observations. Although we primarily focus on variables relevant to agriculture, we also include a brief description of the growing use of Earth observations in support of aquaculture and fisheries
Production of Innovations within Farmer–Researcher Associations Applying Transdisciplinary Research Principles
Small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan West Africa depend heavily on local resources and local knowledge. Science-based knowledge is likely to aid decision-making in complex situations. In this presentation, we highlight a FiBL-coordinated research partnership between three national producer organisations and national agriculture research bodies in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Benin. The partnership seeks to compare conventional, GMObased, and organic cotton systems as regards food security and climate change
British Geological Survey Annual Science Review 2012-13
The British Geological Survey (BGS) is part of the Natural
Environment Research Council and is its principal supplier of
national capability in geoscience.
We advance understanding of the structure, properties and
processes of the solid Earth system through interdisciplinary
surveys, monitoring, modelling and research for the benefit of
society.
We are the UK’s premier provider of objective and
authoritative geoscientific data, information and knowledge
for creating wealth, using natural resources sustainably,
reducing risk and living with the impacts of environmental
change.
Our vision
To be the world’s leading centre for geoscience impact
Climate for development in Africa (ClimDev) – climate sciences and services for Africa. Strategic research opportunities for ClimDev-Africa
The purpose of this report is to present the ClimDev Partnership with a much narrower set of strategic research options by which ACPC and AfDB in particular could establish a unique presence in the realm of climate research and resilience planning. As a result, hitherto under-represented sectors and regions would be better equipped to manage risks as well as maximise development opportunities presented by climate variability and change.
A gap analysis was undertaken using different sources of evidence drawn from bibliographic metrics, previous research prioritisation exercises, peer-reviewed and grey literature, meta-analysis of web-based material, conference proceedings, ClimDev reports and proposal short-listing, an inventory of climate data requests, case studies and consultations with African experts.
Six research opportunities are proposed for consideration by ClimDev
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