Integration and optimal control of microcsp with building hvac systems: Review and future directions

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are omnipresent in modern buildings and are responsible for a considerable share of consumed energy and the electricity bill in buildings. On the other hand, solar energy is abundant and could be used to support the building HVAC system through cogeneration of electricity and heat. Micro-scale concentrated solar power (MicroCSP) is a propitious solution for such applications that can be integrated into the building HVAC system to optimally provide both electricity and heat, on-demand via application of optimal control techniques. The use of thermal energy storage (TES) in MicroCSP adds dispatching capabilities to the MicroCSP energy production that will assist in optimal energy management in buildings. This work presents a review of the existing contributions on the combination of MicroCSP and HVAC systems in buildings and how it compares to other thermal-assisted HVAC applications. Different topologies and architectures for the integration of MicroCSP and building HVAC systems are proposed, and the components of standard MicroCSP systems with their control-oriented models are explained. Furthermore, this paper details the different control strategies to optimally manage the energy flow, both electrical and thermal, from the solar field to the building HVAC system to minimize energy consumption and/or operational cost

Application of heat pumps and thermal storage systems for improved control and performance of microgrids

The high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), in particular, the rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in power systems, causes rapid ramps in power generation to supply load during peak-load periods. Residential and commercial buildings have considerable potential for providing load exibility by exploiting energy-e_cient devices like ground source heat pump (GSHP). The proper integration of PV systems with the GSHP could reduce power demand from demand-side. This research provides a practical attempt to integrate PV systems and GSHPs e_ectively into buildings and the grid. The multi-directional approach in this work requires an optimal control strategy to reduce energy cost and provide an opportunity for power trade-o_ or feed-in in the electricity market. In this study, some optimal control models are developed to overcome both the operational and technical constraints of demand-side management (DSM) and for optimum integration of RES. This research focuses on the development of an optimal real-time thermal energy management system for smart homes to respond to DR for peak-load shifting. The intention is to manage the operation of a GSHP to produce the desired amount of thermal energy by controlling the volume and temperature of the stored water in the thermal energy storage (TES) while optimising the operation of the heat distributors to control indoor temperature. This thesis proposes a new framework for optimal sizing design and real-time operation of energy storage systems in a residential building equipped with a PV system, heat pump (HP), and thermal and electrical energy storage systems. The results of this research demonstrate to rooftop PV system owners that investment in combined TSS and battery can be more profitable as this system can minimise life cycle costs. This thesis also presents an analysis of the potential impact of residential HP systems into reserve capacity market. This research presents a business aggregate model for controlling residential HPs (RHPs) of a group of houses that energy aggregators can utilise to earn capacity credits. A control strategy is proposed based on a dynamic aggregate RHPs coupled with TES model and predicting trading intervals capacity requirements through forecasting demand and non-scheduled generation. RHPs coupled with TES are optimised to provide DSM reserve capacity. A rebound effect reduction method is proposed that reduces the peak rebound RHPs power

Recent techniques used in home energy management systems: a review

Power systems are going through a transition period. Consumers want more active participation in electric system management, namely assuming the role of producers–consumers, prosumers in short. The prosumers’ energy production is heavily based on renewable energy sources, which, besides recognized environmental benefits, entails energy management challenges. For instance, energy consumption of appliances in a home can lead to misleading patterns. Another challenge is related to energy costs since inefficient systems or unbalanced energy control may represent economic loss to the prosumer. The so-called home energy management systems (HEMS) emerge as a solution. When well-designed HEMS allow prosumers to reach higher levels of energy management, this ensures optimal management of assets and appliances. This paper aims to present a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on optimization techniques recently used in the development of HEMS, also taking into account the key factors that can influence the development of HEMS at a technical and computational level. The systematic review covers the period 2018–2021. As a result of the review, the major developments in the field of HEMS in recent years are presented in an integrated manner. In addition, the techniques are divided into four broad categories: traditional techniques, model predictive control, heuristics and metaheuristics, and other techniques.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Integrating plus energy buildings and districts with the eu energy community framework:Regulatory opportunities, barriers and technological solutions

The aim of this paper is to assess opportunities the Clean Energy Package provides for Plus Energy Buildings (PEBs) and Plus Energy Districts (PEDs) regarding their economic optimization and market integration, possibly leading to new use cases and revenue streams. At the same time, insights into regulatory limitations at the national level in transposing the set of EU Clean Energy Package provisions are shown. The paper illustrates that the concepts of PEBs and PEDs are in principle compatible with the EU energy community concepts, as they relate to technical characteristics while energy communities provide a legal and regulatory framework for the organization and governance of a community, at the same time providing new regulatory space for specific activities and market integration. To realize new use cases, innovative ICT approaches are needed for a range of actors actively involved in creating and operating energy communities as presented in the paper. The paper discusses a range of different options to realize PEBs and PEDs as energy communities based on the H2020 EXCESS project. It concludes, however, that currently the transposition of the Clean Energy Package by the EU Member States is incomplete and limiting and as a consequence, in the short term, the full potential of PEBs and PEDs cannot be exploited

Performance of Smart Homes for participating in Electricity Markets

Devido ao crescente consumo de energia proveniente de residências, o comportamento dos consumidores de Smart Homes vem sendo estudado nos últimos anos, com o objetivo de otimizar a eficiência energética e o consumo de energia. Além disso, é necessário otimizar o consumo de energia da casa para minimizar custos e reduzir as emissões de gases. Atualmente, o Mercado de Energia Elétrica tem se mostrado muito mais competitivo devido ao surgimento de fontes renováveis ​​de energia e à participação ativa do consumidor no mercado, utilizando programas de demand response. O objetivo deste projeto é desenvolver e melhorar um código-fonte para permitir a gestão da demanda de uma casa inteligente, incluindo geração de energia renovável, veículo elétrico e outros aparelhos inteligentes e dispositivos/electrodomésticos elétricos. Além disso, a redução do custo esperado do consumo de energia e o aumento do conforto do consumidor são considerados como metas do projeto.Due to the rising energy consumption of residential consumers, smart home consumers' behaviour is being studied in the last years to achieve optimal energy efficiency and power consumption. Also, there is a need to optimize house energy consumption to minimize costs and reduce gas emissions. Nowadays, Electricity Market has been much more competitive due to the rising of renewable energy sources and consumer's active participation in the market, using demand response programs. This project aims to develop and improve a source code to allow demand management of a Smart Home, including renewable energy generation, electric vehicle and other smart appliances and electrical devices. Furthermore, the reduction of the expected cost of energy consumption and the rise of consumer's comfort are considered as goals for the project