Visual communication in urban planning and urban design

This report documents the current status of visual communication in urban design and planning. Visual communication is examined through discussion of standalone and network media, specifically concentrating on visualisation on the World Wide Web(WWW).Firstly, we examine the use of Solid and Geometric Modelling for visualising urban planning and urban design. This report documents and compares examples of the use of Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) and proprietary WWW based Virtual Reality modelling software. Examples include the modelling of Bath and Glasgow using both VRML 1.0 and 2.0. A review is carried out on the use of Virtual Worldsand their role in visualising urban form within multi-user environments. The use of Virtual Worlds is developed into a case study of the possibilities and limitations of Virtual Internet Design Arenas (ViDAs), an initiative undertaken at the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London. The use of Virtual Worlds and their development towards ViDAs is seen as one of the most important developments in visual communication for urban planning and urban design since the development plan.Secondly, photorealistic media in the process of communicating plans is examined.The process of creating photorealistic media is documented, examples of the Virtual Streetscape and Wired Whitehall Virtual Urban Interface System are provided. The conclusion is drawn that although the use of photo-realistic media on the WWW provides a way to visually communicate planning information, its use is limited. The merging of photorealistic media and solid geometric modelling is reviewed in the creation of Augmented Reality. Augmented Reality is seen to provide an important step forward in the ability to quickly and easily visualise urban planning and urban design information.Thirdly, the role of visual communication of planning data through GIS is examined interms of desktop, three dimensional and Internet based GIS systems. The evolution to Internet GIS is seen as a critical component in the development of virtual cities which will allow urban planners and urban designers to visualise and model the complexity of the built environment in networked virtual reality.Finally a viewpoint is put forward of the Virtual City, linking Internet GIS with photorealistic multi-user Virtual Worlds. At present there are constraints on how far virtual cities can be developed, but a view is provided on how these networked virtual worlds are developing to aid visual communication in urban planning and urban design

Collaborative Business Process Management - A Literature-based Analysis of Methods for Supporting Model Understandability

Due to the growing amount of cooperative business scenarios, collaborative Business Process Management (cBPM) has emerged. The increased number of stakeholders with minor expertise in process modeling leads to a high relevance of model understandability in cBPM contexts. Despite extensive works in the research fields of cBPM and model understandability in BPM, there is no analysis and comprehensive overview of methods supporting process model understandability in cBPM scenarios. To address this research gap, this paper presents the results of a literature review. The paper identifies concepts for supporting model understandability in BPM, provides an overview of methods implementing these concepts, and discusses the methods’ applicability in cBPM. The four concepts process model transformation, process model visualization, process model description, and modeling support are introduced. Subsequently, 69 methods are classified and discussed in the context of cBPM. Results contribute to revealing existing academic voids and can guide practitioners in cBPM scenarios

Honoring Patient Do Not Resuscitate Wishes and Reducing Harm During Transitions of Care: A Quality Improvement Project

Objectives: The quality improvement project objectives were to honor documented Do Not Resuscitate wishes in emergency departments by examining and improving workflow during primary care to emergency department transitions. A location for advance care planning documentations was designated for advanced directives, yet not utilized. Methods: Mixed method, pre-/post-comparison, and thematic design examined clinicians and patients in a primary care office and two emergency departments in a Midwest healthcare system. Data was collected from patient records, clinician surveys, and observation of workflow. Descriptive statistics, frequency counts and non-parametric tests were used to analyze data. Results: Patient charts were audited (N=261 [pre=124; post=137]), mean age 79.2 years, 59% female. Clinician surveys included 32 emergency department providers (30=pre; 2=post) and 59 registered nurses (38=pre; 21=post). Patient chart audit (N=137) found 97% had a primary care code status with 2.9% in emergency department records. Provider (mean 2.93) and registered nurse (mean 3.14) moral distress was moderate. Pre/post barriers to discuss advanced directives increased from 80.2% to 100%; comfort discussing advanced directives improved from 43.2% to 100%; and providers (13.3-100%) and registered nurses (3-19%) were more aware of where to document advanced directives. Conclusions: Gaps in care placed patients with Do Not Resuscitate at risk for harm due to challenges with documentation. Post-implementation knowledge improved yet workflow and placement of Do Not Resuscitate orders in the record did not change. A clinically significant improvement in clinician knowledge of patient safety and location of advance care planning documents may lead to improved care

ErgoShip 2021 – Maritime artikler

Welcome to the special issue dedicated to the conference Ergoship 2021! The editorial committee are proud to present a selection of papers from Ergoship 2021 and a few invited papers within the topic of maritime Human Factors. The first Ergoshipwas held in Gothenburg in 2011 to create a meeting place for researchers in maritime Human Factors. The conference has lived on and was held in Australia 2016, in Haugesund 2019 and in South Korea 2021. We wish we could all have met in person, but this time it was not to be. Nevertheless, we look forward to sharing these papers with you and hope we can drive this field forward together. Enjoy the papers from a small but passionate group of contributors. The authors and the audience make this recurring conference special

Strategic business management : from planning to performance

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/2682/thumbnail.jp

Family-Centered Pediatric Radiation Therapy: A Nurse-Led Quality Improvement Collaboration Model

Problem: Parents of children diagnosed with cancer face a number of physical, emotional, and social hurdles in the race for a cure. Family schedules shift dramatically to accommodate daily radiation therapy treatment appointments. Ambulatory procedure unit nursing staff attempt to teach and interpret the process without the benefit of a family-centered intradepartmental structured communication process to promote safe care with these families. Methods: Implementation of a structured family-centered interprofessional standard work model to promote interdepartmental collaboration. The project implemented a structured family-centered interview and standard work algorithms to improve the radiation therapy family experience. Results: A structured, streamlined, interdepartmental interview, teaching format, and educational resources for nurses to use with families. Standardized work roles were formulated to improve the communication algorithm and collaboration between departments. Conclusion: The implementation of a nurse-led, standardized work process increased interprofessional collaboration, resulting in increased communication and a family-centered perioperative care model

A Grounded Theory of Patient Flow Management within the Emergency Department

Background: Emergency department (ED) crowding is an urgent threat to patient safety and negatively impacts healthcare staff and institutions. Patient flow researchers have employed a range of methods to address this crisis, including an increase in the use of operations research and operations management strategies. However, identified patient flow solutions are inadequate. Research describing the complexities of patient flow processes and investigating the work and contributions of ED nurses is needed. Purposes: The purposes of this study were to explore how ED nurses perform patient flow management and to develop a constructivist grounded theory of patient flow management within the ED. Methods: A conceptual foundation for patient flow management was first established using evolutionary concept analysis and expanded concept analysis approaches. This study then employed constructivist grounded theory and situational analysis methodologies to examine the work of ED nurses. Data was collected through 29 focus groups and interviews with 27 participants and 64 hours of participant observations across four EDs. Data analysis relied on coding, constant comparative analysis, and memo-writing to identify emergent themes and develop a substantive theory. Findings: Concept analyses defined patient flow management as the application of ED experience, holistic perspectives, dynamic data, and complex considerations of multiple priorities by ED nurses to promote patient safety within their scope of responsibility. The study offers three main contributions: a theoretical model of the work of ED patient flow management, a theoretical framework to describe holistic considerations of factors that impact departmental capacity and nurse engagement in patient flow management, and a grounded theory of patient flow management capacity and engagement that describes how ED nurses adapt patient flow management strategies according to patient burden. Conclusion: This study offers a new conceptual and theoretical foundation to understand the work of patient flow management. This novel perspective centralizes the work of ED nurses as active agents in patient flow processes and describes their strategies and contributions to meet patient care needs. Several practical considerations are offered to engage and support nurses in their roles as patient flow managers, improve patient flow processes, and further investigate ED nurse patient flow management

Experimental evaluation of user performance on two-dimensional and three-dimensional perspective displays in discrete-event simulation

Several experiments were carried out to compare the impacts of using a two dimensional (2D) plan view or a three dimensional (3D) perspective view in discrete event simulation visual displays. The experiments measured the performance of participants in spotting errors, describing the model, and suggesting improvements to the system. The participants using the 3D perspective display performed much better in spotting errors, taking on average about one third of the time of participants observing the 2D display. They also did much better in describing the model. There was no significant difference in suggesting improvements although this may have been because this task was easy. Most participants preferred the 3D perspective view when asked to compare the displays. The experiments indicate that the detailed design of the visual display may have a considerable effect on some of the tasks in a simulation project and hence on whether the overall project is successful

Funding Allocations Strategies for Improving Nonprofit Organizations\u27 Effectiveness and Sustainability

Nonprofit organizational leaders (NOLs) face laws that require increased transparency and more oversight on funding allocations. Grounded by a conceptual framework of Hersey and Blanchard\u27s situational leadership theory, Burns\u27s transformational leadership theory, and Greenleaf\u27s servant leadership theory, this multiple case study was developed to explore the leadership strategies of NOLs who implemented requirements of New York\u27s Non-Profit Revitalization Act to increase funding allocations to support fulfillment of the organizational mission and achieve sustainability. The study population comprised NOLs from the Northeastern United States, who implemented requirements of the Non-Profit Revitalization Act requirements. Face-to-face semistructured interviews with 5 NOLs, a review of organizational documents, and member-checking were used to collect data for the study. Data were analyzed using a framework method to determine themes, visualization to code the data, and methodological triangulation to validate themes. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: strategies for building and maintaining relationships increased funding allocations and sustainability, trust and accountability strategies improved organizational mission achievement and funding allocations, and strategies for higher standards and expectations improved sustainability. The findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing insight to NOLs about the need to create leadership strategies to build relationships and trust with stakeholders while operating a more responsible nonprofit organization, thereby creating a better connection between organizational systems and increasing service effectiveness