25,385 research outputs found
Machine Intelligence Techniques for Next-Generation Context-Aware Wireless Networks
The next generation wireless networks (i.e. 5G and beyond), which would be
extremely dynamic and complex due to the ultra-dense deployment of
heterogeneous networks (HetNets), poses many critical challenges for network
planning, operation, management and troubleshooting. At the same time,
generation and consumption of wireless data are becoming increasingly
distributed with ongoing paradigm shift from people-centric to machine-oriented
communications, making the operation of future wireless networks even more
complex. In mitigating the complexity of future network operation, new
approaches of intelligently utilizing distributed computational resources with
improved context-awareness becomes extremely important. In this regard, the
emerging fog (edge) computing architecture aiming to distribute computing,
storage, control, communication, and networking functions closer to end users,
have a great potential for enabling efficient operation of future wireless
networks. These promising architectures make the adoption of artificial
intelligence (AI) principles which incorporate learning, reasoning and
decision-making mechanism, as natural choices for designing a tightly
integrated network. Towards this end, this article provides a comprehensive
survey on the utilization of AI integrating machine learning, data analytics
and natural language processing (NLP) techniques for enhancing the efficiency
of wireless network operation. In particular, we provide comprehensive
discussion on the utilization of these techniques for efficient data
acquisition, knowledge discovery, network planning, operation and management of
the next generation wireless networks. A brief case study utilizing the AI
techniques for this network has also been provided.Comment: ITU Special Issue N.1 The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on
communication networks and services, (To appear
Using Modified Partitioning Around Medoids Clustering Technique in Mobile Network Planning
Every cellular network deployment requires planning and optimization in order
to provide adequate coverage, capacity, and quality of service (QoS).
Optimization mobile radio network planning is a very complex task, as many
aspects must be taken into account. With the rapid development in mobile
network we need effective network planning tool to satisfy the need of
customers. However, deciding upon the optimum placement for the base stations
(BS s) to achieve best services while reducing the cost is a complex task
requiring vast computational resource. This paper introduces the spatial
clustering to solve the Mobile Networking Planning problem. It addresses
antenna placement problem or the cell planning problem, involves locating and
configuring infrastructure for mobile networks by modified the original
Partitioning Around Medoids PAM algorithm. M-PAM (Modified Partitioning Around
Medoids) has been proposed to satisfy the requirements and constraints. PAM
needs to specify number of clusters (k) before starting to search for the best
locations of base stations. The M-PAM algorithm uses the radio network planning
to determine k. We calculate for each cluster its coverage and capacity and
determine if they satisfy the mobile requirements, if not we will increase (k)
and reapply algorithms depending on two methods for clustering. Implementation
of this algorithm to a real case study is presented. Experimental results and
analysis indicate that the M-PAM algorithm when applying method two is
effective in case of heavy load distribution, and leads to minimum number of
base stations, which directly affected onto the cost of planning the network.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figure
Characterization of behavioral patterns exploiting description of geographical areas
The enormous amount of recently available mobile phone data is providing
unprecedented direct measurements of human behavior. Early recognition and
prediction of behavioral patterns are of great importance in many societal
applications like urban planning, transportation optimization, and health-care.
Understanding the relationships between human behaviors and location's context
is an emerging interest for understanding human-environmental dynamics. Growing
availability of Web 2.0, i.e. the increasing amount of websites with mainly
user created content and social platforms opens up an opportunity to study such
location's contexts. This paper investigates relationships existing between
human behavior and location context, by analyzing log mobile phone data
records. First an advanced approach to categorize areas in a city based on the
presence and distribution of categories of human activity (e.g., eating,
working, and shopping) found across the areas, is proposed. The proposed
classification is then evaluated through its comparison with the patterns of
temporal variation of mobile phone activity and applying machine learning
techniques to predict a timeline type of communication activity in a given
location based on the knowledge of the obtained category vs. land-use type of
the locations areas. The proposed classification turns out to be more
consistent with the temporal variation of human communication activity, being a
better predictor for those compared to the official land use classification.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figure
Data-driven Co-clustering Model of Internet Usage in Large Mobile Societies
Design and simulation of future mobile networks will center around human
interests and behavior. We propose a design paradigm for mobile networks driven
by realistic models of users' on-line behavior, based on mining of billions of
wireless-LAN records. We introduce a systematic method for large-scale
multi-dimensional coclustering of web activity for thousands of mobile users at
79 locations. We find surprisingly that users can be consistently modeled using
ten clusters with disjoint profiles. Access patterns from multiple locations
show differential user behavior. This is the first study to obtain such
detailed results for mobile Internet usage.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Wireless Users Internet Access Patterns Using Self-Organizing Maps
User online behavior and interests will play a central role in future mobile
networks. We introduce a systematic method for large-scale multi-dimensional
analysis of online activity for thousands of mobile users across 79 buildings
over a variety of web domains. We propose a modeling approach based on
self-organizing maps (SOM) for discovering, organizing and visualizing
different mobile users' trends from billions of WLAN records. We find
surprisingly that users' trends based on domains and locations can be
accurately modeled using a self-organizing map with clearly distinct
characteristics. We also find many non-trivial correlations between different
types of web domains and locations. Based on our analysis, we introduce a
mixture model as an initial step towards realistic simulation of wireless
network usage
Charging Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Charger and Infrastructure Pivot Cluster Heads
Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) consisting of sensor nodes with
batteries have been at the forefront of sensing and communication technologies
in the last few years. Sensor networks with different missions are being
massively rolled out, particularly in the internet-of-things commercial market.
To ensure sustainable operation of WRSNs, charging in a timely fashion is very
important, since lack of energy of even a single sensor node could result in
serious outcomes. With the large number of WRSNs existing and to be existed,
energy-efficient charging schemes are becoming indispensable to workplaces that
demand a proper level of operating cost. Selection of charging scheme depends
on network parameters such as the distribution pattern of sensor nodes, the
mobility of the charger, and the availability of the directional antenna. Among
current charging techniques, radio frequency (RF) remote charging with a small
transmit antenna is gaining interest when non-contact type charging is required
for sensor nodes. RF charging is particularly useful when sensor nodes are
distributed in the service area. To obtain higher charging efficiency with RF
charging, optimal path planning for mobile chargers, and the beamforming
technique, implemented by making use of a directional antenna, can be
considered. In this article, we present a review of RF charging for WRSNs from
the perspectives of charging by mobile charger, harvesting using sensor nodes,
and energy trading between sensor nodes. The concept of a pivot cluster head is
introduced and a novel RF charging scheme in two stages, consisting of charging
pivot cluster heads by a mobile charger with a directional antenna and charging
member sensor nodes by pivot cluster heads with directional antennae, is
presented.Comment: to be submitted to an SCI journa
An Interference-Aware Virtual Clustering Paradigm for Resource Management in Cognitive Femtocell Networks
Femtocells represent a promising alternative solution for high quality
wireless access in indoor scenarios where conventional cellular system coverage
can be poor. Femtocell access points (FAP) are normally randomly deployed by
the end user, so only post deployment network planning is possible.
Furthermore, this uncoordinated deployment creates the potential for severe
interference to co-located femtocells, especially in dense deployments. This
paper presents a new femtocell network architecture using a generalized virtual
cluster femtocell (GVCF) paradigm, which groups together FAP, which are
allocated to the same femtocell gateway (FGW), into logical clusters. This
guarantees severely interfering and overlapping femtocells are assigned to
different clusters, and since each cluster operates on a different band of
frequencies, the corresponding virtual cluster controller only has to manage
its own FAP members, so the overall system complexity is low. The performance
of the GVCF algorithm is analysed from both a resource availability and cluster
number perspective, and a novel strategy is proposed for dynamically adapting
these to network environment changes, while upholding quality-of-service
requirements. Simulation results conclusively corroborate the superior
performance of the GVCF model in interference mitigation, particularly in high
density FAP scenarios
Design Challenges of Multi-UAV Systems in Cyber-Physical Applications: A Comprehensive Survey, and Future Directions
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have recently rapidly grown to facilitate a
wide range of innovative applications that can fundamentally change the way
cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are designed. CPSs are a modern generation of
systems with synergic cooperation between computational and physical potentials
that can interact with humans through several new mechanisms. The main
advantages of using UAVs in CPS application is their exceptional features,
including their mobility, dynamism, effortless deployment, adaptive altitude,
agility, adjustability, and effective appraisal of real-world functions anytime
and anywhere. Furthermore, from the technology perspective, UAVs are predicted
to be a vital element of the development of advanced CPSs. Therefore, in this
survey, we aim to pinpoint the most fundamental and important design challenges
of multi-UAV systems for CPS applications. We highlight key and versatile
aspects that span the coverage and tracking of targets and infrastructure
objects, energy-efficient navigation, and image analysis using machine learning
for fine-grained CPS applications. Key prototypes and testbeds are also
investigated to show how these practical technologies can facilitate CPS
applications. We present and propose state-of-the-art algorithms to address
design challenges with both quantitative and qualitative methods and map these
challenges with important CPS applications to draw insightful conclusions on
the challenges of each application. Finally, we summarize potential new
directions and ideas that could shape future research in these areas
Migration Networks: Applications of Network Analysis to Macroscale Migration Patterns
An emerging area of research is the study of macroscale migration patterns as
a network of nodes that represent places (e.g., countries, cities, and rural
areas) and edges that encode migration ties that connect those places. In this
chapter, we first review advances in the study of migration networks and recent
work that has employed network analysis to examine such networks at different
geographical scales. In our discussion, we focus in particular on global scale
migration networks. We then propose ways to leverage network analysis in
concert with digital technologies and online geolocated data to examine the
structure and dynamics of migration networks. The implementation of such
approaches for studying migration networks faces many challenges, including
ethical ones, methodological ones, socio-technological ones (e.g., data
availability and reuse), and research reproducibility. We detail these
challenges, and we then consider possible ways of linking digital geolocated
data to administrative and survey data as a way of harnessing new technologies
to construct increasingly realistic migration networks (e.g., using multiplex
networks). We also briefly discuss new methods (e.g., multilayer network
analysis) in network analysis and adjacent fields (e.g., machine learning) that
can help advance understanding of macroscale patterns of migration.Comment: key words: migration networks, social networks, spatial networks,
network analysis, international migration, global migratio
CUPSMAN: Control User Plane Separation Based Routing in Ad-hoc Networks
Separation of user (data) plane from the control plane in networks helps
scale resources independently, increase the quality of service and facilitate
autonomy by employing software-defined networking techniques. Clustering
introduces hierarchy in ad hoc networks where control functions can be carried
out by some designated cluster heads. It is also an effective solution to
handle challenges due to lack of centralized controllers and infrastructure in
ad-hoc networks. Clustered network topologies gain a significant amount of
scalability and reliability in comparison to flat topologies. Different roles
that nodes have in a clustered network can be effectively used for routing as
well. In this paper, we propose a novel plane-separated routing algorithm,
Cluster-based Hybrid Routing Algorithm (CHRA). In CHRA, we take advantage of
the hierarchical clustered structure through control and user plane separation
(CUPS) in mobile ad-hoc networks. In the cluster neighborhood with a particular
size, a link-state routing is used to minimize delay, control overhead, and
also utilize energy consumption. For facilitating the communication with
distant nodes, we form a routing backbone that is responsible for both control
and data messages. The results show that CHRA outperforms its opponents in
terms of fair energy consumption and end-to-end delay
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