676 research outputs found

    The role of the regulatory framework for innovation activities: The EU ETS and the German paper industry

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    Based on a research framework which combines environmental economics and innovation studies, we explore the relevance of the regulatory framework for innovation activities in the German paper industry, with a focus on climate poli-cies. Innovation activities considered include research and development, adop-tion and organizational change. Empirically, we mainly rely on the survey data of paper producers and technology providers. Findings suggest that innovation activities are mainly governed by market factors and (as yet) are hardly affected by the European Emission Trading System and other climate policies. Also, the impact of these policies on innovation activities is lower for technology providers than for paper producers. However, the majority of companies expect the ef-fects of the regulatory climate policy framework on innovation to increase by 2020. --

    IS Programs Responding to Industry Demands for Data Scientists: A Comparison Between 2011-2016

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    The term data scientist has only been in common use since 2008, but in 2016 it is considered one of the top careers in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to explore the growth of data science content areas such as analytics, business intelligence, and big data in AACSB Information Systems (IS) programs between 2011 and 2016. A secondary purpose is to analyze the effect of IS programs’ adherence to IS 2010 Model Curriculum Guidelines for undergraduate MIS programs, as well as the impact of IS programs offering an advanced database course in 2011 on data science course offerings in 2016. A majority (60%) of AACSB IS programs added data science-related courses between 2011 and 2016. Results indicate dramatic increases in courses offered in big data analytics (583%), visualization (300%), business data analysis (260%), and business intelligence (236%). ANOVA results also find a significant effect of departments offering advanced database courses in 2011 on new analytics course offerings in 2016. A Chi-Square analysis did not find an effect of IS 2010 Model Curriculum adherence on analytics course offerings in 2016. Implications of our findings for an MIS department’s ability to respond to changing needs of the marketplace and its students are discussed

    Enhancing Set-Based Design To Engineer Resilience For Long-Lived Systems

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    At the heart of Set-Based Design is the concept that down-select decisions are deferred until sufficient information is available to make a decision, i.e., a set of possible solutions is maintained. Due to the extended service lives of many of our current and future systems, the horizon for accurately predicting the system’s requirement is shorter than the service life, so the needed information to down-select to a single optimized solution is unavailable at the time of fielding. Set-Based Design can, however, be extended to explicitly carry a set of possible solutions past the point of the initial fielding of the system by considering changeability, as enabled through designed-in reserve capacity to accommodate additional volume, weight, power, cooling, and computer performance. Proposed is an analytical framework that enhances Set-Based Design to engineer resilient systems with cost-effective post-production growth capability by means of reserve capacity and illustrate it through a case study

    Understanding the failure of the replication of the Chinese economic reforms in India through the study of Gujarat RIS and Karnataka REE

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    India has failed to develop merchandise exports as China has. The Indian government is aware of this challenge and hence has created a specific plan for the industry called Plan 2025 to benchmark Chinese reforms. However, Plan 2025 fails to enhance the industry at this stage. This paper examines how some successful economic reforms in China did not have the desired impact in India. This paper shows that some key success factors of the Chinese experience have deliberately not been included in India ( absence of agglomeration effect with emerging neighbours, rent capture behaviour at a political level, same focus on IT & service instead of manufacturing from the SEZs, absence of upgrade to the current Chinese reforms). Still more significantly, there were policy mistakes. The Indian willingness to focus on knowledge generation for the manufacturing sector (as it has always done for IT & services) instead of on knowledge exploitation as China did, prevented India from using the backwardness advantage to obtain technology transfer and spillover to the rest of the economy. Therefore, this paper makes some recommendations for Indian policy-makers on how to improve the current flaws detected in the application of some Chinese economic reforms. As there is a need for state level analysis, the methodology consisted in comparing the past economic history and trajectories of two Indian States (Gujarat & Karnataka) with two Chinese Deltas (Yangtze River and Pearl River) using the approaches of the regional innovation systems (RIS) and the regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (REE)

    How Wide Should the Gate of Technology Be? Patentability of Business Methods in China

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    China regards business methods to be a form of mental activity, and consequently excludes them from patent protection. In recent years, along with the proliferation of computer, telecommunication, and Internet technologies, the line between business methods and technology has blurred. As a result, other patent systems, such as U.S. patent law, have modified or are re-evaluating their patent treatment of business methods. The Chinese patent system is designed to promote the progress of science and technology. Business methods having no technical characters are not technological art. It would thus be overly inclusive to regard every business method as technology and therefore patent eligible. Further, broad business method patenting brings more negative impacts than positive influences. Therefore, China should not consider general business methods as patentable subject matter. China may utilize other legal means such as trade secret law, copyright law, and computer software program protection rules to provide legal protection for business methods in general. Nevertheless, as China may want to consider business methods that are integral parts of innovative technical systems as patentable subject matter, high examination standards should be developed to ensure the quality of the patents protecting such business methods

    MODELING SYSTEM BEHAVIORAL OF INDIVIDUAL PROCEDURES AT THE TACTICAL LEVEL OF THE MARINE CORPS HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS—DO HRDP POLICY, PROCEDURES, AND IMS SUPPORT OR HINDER THEMSELVES?

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    In February 2021, the Marine Corps released its official guidance on the Human Resource Development Process (HRDP). The Marine Corps outlined the HRDP phases of Guidance, Planning, Production, Assignment, and Assessment as co-occurring and continuous operations. Each process within the phases produces vast amounts of qualitative and quantitative data for the Marine Corps. Using Monterey Phoenix to model both the HRDP and Information Management System (IMS) system behaviors supporting the HRDP, I evaluated the Marine Corps' IMS ability to support Talent Management 2030. First, processes designed in the industrial era and carried into the digital age should not persist. This study recommends IT IMS changes to deal with the legacy processes and methodologies from a bygone era. Secondly, this report provides a framework, tools, and examples to conduct process analysis across all administrative functions across the force, allowing Marine Corps leadership to capitalize on efficiencies already gained by Fleet Marine Forces.Captain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

    Customer-Perceived Value and Its Components in Industrial Scale Circular Business Models : Comparison of Recycling and Reuse Settings Through a Multiple-Case Study

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    Driven by growing environmental pressures, recent years have witnessed a powerful business transition towards the circular economy (CE) – an economic system regenerative by design that strives to conserve resources by narrowing, slowing, and closing material and energy loops. At the same time, the business customers’ experiences and expectations are also in transition due to the new types of offerings and interactions brought forth by the CE, as well as the growing demands for sustainability, internally and/or from stakeholders’ side. While the research on CE has generally bloomed, the customer perspective has so far been nearly absent in the literature. Especially the ways that business customers perceive value in the CE have been neglected, and no suggestions for classifications of customer-perceived value for the CE have been made. This leads to a situation where providers have troubles to develop and market circular offerings ac-cording to customers’ preferences, which would be needed to accelerate the circularity transformation. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the components of customer-perceived value in the CE, investigate how they behave with different types of circular business models, and explore what parts of customer-perceived value the providers still have difficulties to recognize. To meet the research objective, an explorative multiple-case, cross-industry study with dyadic data collection was carried out. Case selection process was twofold, starting with a careful mapping of potential cases. In the end, innovative circular offerings from the fuel, workwear, lifting, and tools industries were selected. The cases represent three distinct categories of circular business models (recycle and reuse with transferred and retained product ownership) to enable a comparative analysis. The primary data consisted of provider and various customer interviews for each case and was supplemented by multi-sourced secondary data. A comprehensive literature review on earlier customer value research was also conducted and all the gathered data utilized in an abductive thematic analysis with the help of qualitative analysis software Atlas.ti. The findings reveal the five main components of customer-perceived value in the CE (economic, product performance, service, symbolic, and ethical value) as well as the 16 subcomponents that these consist of. The constructed classification and the discussion demonstrate what kind of value is critical for industrial scale CE customers and where negative value perceptions may be created. The comparison analysis shows that economic customer value is highlighted in reuse context, whereas symbolic and ethical value are more critical in recycle context. Finally, the study reveals issues that providers have difficulties to grasp when interpreting customer-perceived value, related to for example offering’s lifetime costs, infrastructural fit, or suitability to be sold as a service. The study fills an important gap in the intersection of CE and customer value research streams. From a practical perspective, it gives managers robust tools for understanding what their customers value in circular business, how that value is structured, and how to avoid some typical pitfalls of interpreting the customer perceptions according to the type of business model. For customers, the results can serve as a tool for systematic supplier evaluation. In the future, the findings could be reviewed by conducting customer-centered studies with larger samples as well as by investigating the effect of customer-specific characteristics on value perceptions. The interconnectivity of value components and the dynamics of temporal change in value perceptions would also be important research avenues towards a full understanding of customer-perceived value in the CE.Kasvavien ympäristöllisten paineiden ajamana viime vuodet ovat nähneet voimakkaan taloussiirtymän kohti kiertotaloutta – talousjärjestelmää, joka uudistaa ja suojelee resursseja kaventaen, hidastaen ja sulkien materiaali- ja energiavirtoja. Samanaikaisesti yritysasiakkaiden kokemukset ja odotukset ovat myös muutoksessa, johtuen niin kiertotalouden tuomista uusista tarjoomista sekä vuorovaikutuksen muodoista, kuin myös sekä sisäisistä että sidosryhmien kasvavista kestävyysvaatimuksista. Vaikka tutkimus kiertotaloudesta on yleisesti ottaen kukoistanut, on asiakasperspektiivi jäänyt tutkimuksen kohteena lähes huomiotta. Etenkään tapoja, joilla yritysasiakkaat kokevat arvoa kiertotalousliiketoiminnassa ei ole tutkittu, eikä ehdotuksia asiakasarvon luokittelutavoista kiertotalousympäristössä ole tehty. Tämä johtaa tilanteeseen, jossa toimittajien on vaikeaa kehittää ja markkinoida kiertotaloustarjoomiaan asiakkaiden preferenssien mukaisesti, mitä tarvittaisiin kiertotalousmurroksen vauhdittamiseksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on paljastaa asiakkaiden kokeman arvon komponentit kiertotalousliiketoiminnassa, tutkia kuinka ne käyttäytyvät erityyppisten kiertotalousliiketoimintamallien yhteydessä ja kartoittaa mitä asiakasarvon osia toimittajilla vielä on vaikeuksia tunnistaa. Tutkimustavoitteen saavuttamiseksi suoritettiin eri teollisuudenaloja leikkaava eksploratiivinen monitapaustutkimus dyadisella datan keruulla. Tutkittavat tapaukset valittiin kaksiosaisesti, alkaen potentiaalisten tapausten kartoituksella. Lopulta tutkittaviksi valittiin kiertotalouden edelläkävijäyrityksiä polttoaine-, työvaate-, nostolaite- ja työkaluteollisuudesta. Valitut tapaukset edustavat kolmea eri kiertotalousliiketoimintamallityyppiä (kierrätys sekä uudelleenkäyttö siirretyllä ja säilytetyllä tuotteen omistajuudella) vertailevan analyysin mahdollistamiseksi. Primääridata koostui toimittajien sekä useiden asiakkaiden haastatteluista ja sitä tuki useista lähteistä haettu sekundääridata. Lisäksi tehtiin laaja kirjallisuuskatsaus aiemmasta asiakasarvotutkimuksesta. Koottua dataa hyödynnettiin abduktiivisessa teema-analyysissä käyttäen apuna Atlas.ti-ohjelmistoa. Tulokset paljastavat kiertotalouden asiakasarvon viisi pääkomponenttia (taloudellinen, tuotteen suorituskyvyn, palvelu-, symbolinen ja eettinen arvo) sekä näiden sisältämät 16 alakomponenttia. Rakennettu viitekehys ja keskustelu osoittavat minkä tyyppinen arvo on kriittistä teollisen kokoluokan kiertotalousasiakkaille ja missä negatiivista arvon kokemista voi ilmetä. Vertaileva analyysi näytti taloudellisen asiakasarvon korostuvan uudelleenkäytön yhteydessä, kun taas symbolinen ja eettinen arvo olivat kriittisempiä kierrätyksen yhteydessä. Lopuksi tutkimus selventää, missä asioissa toimittajilla on vaikeuksia ymmärtää asiakkaan arvon kokemista, liittyen esimerkiksi tarjooman elinkaarikustannuksiin, tekniseen yhteensopivuuteen tai tuotteen palvelullistamiseen. Tutkimus täyttää tärkeän aukon kiertotalouden ja asiakasarvon tutkimuksen yhtymäkohdassa. Käytännössä se antaa yritysjohtajille työkaluja sen ymmärtämiseen, miten asiakkaat kokevat arvoa kiertotalousliiketoiminnassa, miten tämä arvo rakentuu ja kuinka välttää tyypilliset virheet asiakkaan kokemusten tulkitsemisessa, liiketoimintamallityypin mukaan. Asiakkaille viitekehys voi toimia työkaluna toimittajien systemaattiseen arviointiin. Tulevaisuudessa tuloksia tulisi arvioida asiakaskeskeisillä laajemman otoksen tutkimuksilla sekä tarkastelemalla asiakkaiden erilaisten ominaispiirteiden vaikutusta arvon kokemiseen. Arvokomponenttien linkittyminen toisiinsa sekä arvon kokemisen ajallinen muuttuminen olisivat myös tärkeitä tutkimuskohteita matkalla kohti täyttä ymmärrystä kiertotalouden asiakasarvosta

    Igniting technological modernization through science towns and technology parks: the case of Russia

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    Since the turn of the 21st century, the Russian state has attempted to address the country’s excessive dependence on natural resources. It has implemented an ambitious programme of economic modernization, including giving innovation more policy prominence and boosting state funding for research and development (R&D) and innovation. The programme includes a plethora of new initiatives, including innovation strategy documents, R&D funding for institutions, and state support for innovation infrastructure (e.g. clusters, science towns, and science and technology parks). However, despite investing substantial resources in science and technology since 2000 in a variety of forms and with an impressive legacy of scientific R&D from the Soviet period, Russia is still faring comparatively poorly in innovation outcomes, such as the number of innovative enterprises and international patent registrations. This thesis attempts to understand why Russia is performing comparatively poorly in innovation outcomes. It takes a multidisciplinary approach to examine why Russia is not doing as well in economic catch up and innovation as, for example, China. Following Taylor’s (2016) emphasis on the political economy of science, technology, and innovation policies, it suggests that a country’s political economy model is an important driver of innovation performance. The thesis finds that Russia has implemented a wide range of approaches to accelerate growth based on innovation and knowledge and provides new empirical material on Russia’s science towns and technology parks. Yet for all the good intentions and effort, Russia’s larger political economy model, as analysed here, has substantially hindered its rate of innovation and diffusion into commercial enterprises. The challenge of technological modernization is a matter of public concern and a problem to be solved by a diverse range of institutions and societal actors. Accordingly, technological modernization is enlightened by several conceptual perspectives. The five most helpful perspectives used in this thesis are certain modernization theories; rent-seeking (who benefits from modernization processes); neo-Schumpeterian and co-evolutionary growth approaches; innovation systems and innovation policies; and finally, sistema (Ledeneva, 2013), a political economic approach that explains key aspects of Russia’s current authoritarian system

    Sustainable Development and Migration in Iranian Frontier Counties

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    The socio-economic changes of recent decades in Iran, accompanied by the lack of regional balance and over-concentration of facilities in some areas, have caused regional inequality in Iranian society and determined the direction of migration flows. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between four dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, physical-access and environmental) in the border counties of Iran and the net migration in these areas. This study used the data of general population and housing censuses, and other related findings to measure sustainability and net migration. The findings of this study show that the general status of social, economic and especially environmental indicators in Iranian border counties is not good. Also, most of the indicators – except for social – are in a poor condition in the southern counties, especially those in southeast, south, and southwest of Iran. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between economic sustainability and migration. In general, southeastern, western and southwestern border regions of Iran have poor conditions in terms of both sustainable development indicators and negative migration rate

    Sustainable Development and Migration in Iranian Frontier Counties

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    The socio-economic changes of recent decades in Iran, accompanied by the lack of regional balance and over-concentration of facilities in some areas, have caused regional inequality in Iranian society and determined the direction of migration flows. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between four dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, physical-access and environmental) in the border counties of Iran and the net migration in these areas. This study used the data of general population and housing censuses, and other related findings to measure sustainability and net migration. The findings of this study show that the general status of social, economic and especially environmental indicators in Iranian border counties is not good. Also, most of the indicators – except for social – are in a poor condition in the southern counties, especially those in southeast, south, and southwest of Iran. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between economic sustainability and migration. In general, southeastern, western and southwestern border regions of Iran have poor conditions in terms of both sustainable development indicators and negative migration rate
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