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Self-organizing peer-to-peer social networks
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2008 The Authors.Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems provide a new solution to distributed information and resource sharing because of its outstanding properties in decentralization, dynamics, flexibility, autonomy, and cooperation, summarized as DDFAC in this paper. After a detailed analysis of the current P2P literature, this paper suggests to better exploit peer social relationships and peer autonomy to achieve efficient P2P structure design. Accordingly, this paper proposes Self-organizing peer-to-peer social networks (SoPPSoNs) to self-organize distributed peers in a decentralized way, in which neuron-like agents following extended Hebbian rules found in the brain activity represent peers to discover useful peer connections. The self-organized networks capture social associations of peers in resource sharing, and hence are called P2P social networks. SoPPSoNs have improved search speed and success rate as peer social networks are correctly formed. This has been verified through tests on real data collected from the Gnutella system. Analysis on the Gnutella data has verified that social associations of peers in reality are directed, asymmetric and weighted, validating the design of SoPPSoN. The tests presented in this paper have also evaluated the scalability of SoPPSoN, its performance under varied initial network connectivity and the effects of different learning rules.National Natural Science of Foundation of Chin
Proceedings of the ECCS 2005 satellite workshop: embracing complexity in design - Paris 17 November 2005
Embracing complexity in design is one of the critical issues and challenges of the 21st century. As the realization grows that design activities and artefacts display properties associated with complex adaptive systems, so grows the need to use complexity concepts and methods to understand these properties and inform the design of better artifacts. It is a great challenge because complexity science represents an epistemological and methodological swift that promises a holistic approach in the understanding and operational support of design. But design is also a major contributor in complexity research. Design science is concerned with problems that are fundamental in the sciences in general and complexity sciences in particular. For instance, design has been perceived and studied as a ubiquitous activity inherent in every human activity, as the art of generating hypotheses, as a type of experiment, or as a creative co-evolutionary process. Design science and its established approaches and practices can be a great source for advancement and innovation in complexity science. These proceedings are the result of a workshop organized as part of the activities of a UK government AHRB/EPSRC funded research cluster called Embracing Complexity in Design (www.complexityanddesign.net) and the European Conference in Complex Systems (complexsystems.lri.fr). Embracing complexity in design is one of the critical issues and challenges of the 21st century. As the realization grows that design activities and artefacts display properties associated with complex adaptive systems, so grows the need to use complexity concepts and methods to understand these properties and inform the design of better artifacts. It is a great challenge because complexity science represents an epistemological and methodological swift that promises a holistic approach in the understanding and operational support of design. But design is also a major contributor in complexity research. Design science is concerned with problems that are fundamental in the sciences in general and complexity sciences in particular. For instance, design has been perceived and studied as a ubiquitous activity inherent in every human activity, as the art of generating hypotheses, as a type of experiment, or as a creative co-evolutionary process. Design science and its established approaches and practices can be a great source for advancement and innovation in complexity science. These proceedings are the result of a workshop organized as part of the activities of a UK government AHRB/EPSRC funded research cluster called Embracing Complexity in Design (www.complexityanddesign.net) and the European Conference in Complex Systems (complexsystems.lri.fr)
Enumerating Maximal Bicliques from a Large Graph using MapReduce
We consider the enumeration of maximal bipartite cliques (bicliques) from a
large graph, a task central to many practical data mining problems in social
network analysis and bioinformatics. We present novel parallel algorithms for
the MapReduce platform, and an experimental evaluation using Hadoop MapReduce.
Our algorithm is based on clustering the input graph into smaller sized
subgraphs, followed by processing different subgraphs in parallel. Our
algorithm uses two ideas that enable it to scale to large graphs: (1) the
redundancy in work between different subgraph explorations is minimized through
a careful pruning of the search space, and (2) the load on different reducers
is balanced through the use of an appropriate total order among the vertices.
Our evaluation shows that the algorithm scales to large graphs with millions of
edges and tens of mil- lions of maximal bicliques. To our knowledge, this is
the first work on maximal biclique enumeration for graphs of this scale.Comment: A preliminary version of the paper was accepted at the Proceedings of
the 3rd IEEE International Congress on Big Data 201
CHORUS Deliverable 2.2: Second report - identification of multi-disciplinary key issues for gap analysis toward EU multimedia search engines roadmap
After addressing the state-of-the-art during the first year of Chorus and establishing the existing landscape in
multimedia search engines, we have identified and analyzed gaps within European research effort during our second year.
In this period we focused on three directions, notably technological issues, user-centred issues and use-cases and socio-
economic and legal aspects. These were assessed by two central studies: firstly, a concerted vision of functional breakdown
of generic multimedia search engine, and secondly, a representative use-cases descriptions with the related discussion on
requirement for technological challenges. Both studies have been carried out in cooperation and consultation with the
community at large through EC concertation meetings (multimedia search engines cluster), several meetings with our
Think-Tank, presentations in international conferences, and surveys addressed to EU projects coordinators as well as
National initiatives coordinators. Based on the obtained feedback we identified two types of gaps, namely core
technological gaps that involve research challenges, and âenablersâ, which are not necessarily technical research
challenges, but have impact on innovation progress. New socio-economic trends are presented as well as emerging legal
challenges
Co-evolution between Stages of Institutionalization and Agency: The Case of the Music Industryâs Business Model
The relationship between structure and agency is a central issue in studying change. The aim of this paper is to focus on the interactions between the process of institutional change and the actorsâ strategic behaviour. Based on research on the music industry, we observed co-evolution between the actor level and the organizational field level by identifying three consequences of the incumbentsâ actions on the institutional change process (alternative practices selection, alternative practices modification and process duration) and three consequences of coercive pressures on agency (strategic adjustment, traditional practices modification and legitimization).La relation entre structure et agence est une problĂ©matique centrale dans lâĂ©tude du changement. Lâobjectif de cette recherche est de sâintĂ©resser aux interactions entre le processus de changement institutionnel et le comportement stratĂ©gique des acteurs organisationnels. A partir dâune Ă©tude empirique menĂ©e sur lâindustrie de la musique, nous observons la co-Ă©volution entre le niveau de lâacteur et le niveau du champ organisationnel en identifiant trois consĂ©quences de lâagence sur le changement institutionnel (sĂ©lection des pratiques alternatives, modification des pratiques alternatives et durĂ©e du processus) et trois consĂ©quences des pressions coercitives sur lâagence (ajustement stratĂ©gique, modification des pratiques traditionnelles et lĂ©gitimation).La relaciĂłn entre estructura y agencia es una problemĂĄtica central en el estudio del cambio. El objetivo de esta investigaciĂłn es estudiar las interacciones entre el proceso de cambio institucional y el omportamiento estratĂ©gico de los actores organizacionales. A partir de un estudio empĂrico hecho sobre la industria de la mĂșsica se observa la coevoluciĂłn entre el nivel del actor y el nivel del campo organizacional al identificar tres consecuencias de la agencia sobre el cambio institucional (selecciĂłn de prĂĄcticas alternativas, modificaciĂłn de las prĂĄcticas alternativas y duraciĂłn del proceso) y tres consecuencias de las presiones coercitivas sobre la agencia (ajuste estratĂ©gico, modificaciĂłn de las prĂĄcticas tradicionales y legitimaciĂłn)
Mobile Banking as Enabling and Constraining Financial Inclusion in Pakistan- A Theoretical Perspective
This paper provides a theoretical framework for exploring the role of new technologies for âbankingâ the poor via mobile banking (m-banking) for financial inclusion in developing countries. It extends the literature beyond previous studies that examined m-banking through a technological or economic lens from the providerâs perspective, or from a collective national or regional level focussing on the individual userâs perspective. Thus the aim of the paper is to bridge the theoretical and methodological gap by justifying the application of Orlikowskiâs Duality of Technology, as a socio-technical lens to evaluate how the social construction of m-banking enables and constrains poor women to access government-to person (G2P) payments, or digital social cash in Pakistan- a country that has been previously under researched. By shifting the level of analysis to the organisational level, the structuration framework helps us investigate the social and economic impact of m-banking in the restructuring of poor households for financial inclusion in Pakistan, and the
effect of external and internal institutional forces in the redesign of emerging new technologies and financial practices. Furthermore, the paper debates why the socio-materiality of technology fails to provide a conceptual framework for this research. To conclude the paper highlights how the Duality of Technology contributes to new knowledge through a socio-technical perspective that underpins the philosophical orientation of the research to study the complex relationship between m-banking, households structures and social actors that provide an interpretive frame within the case study of the Benazir Income Support Programme in Pakistan
CHORUS Deliverable 2.1: State of the Art on Multimedia Search Engines
Based on the information provided by European projects and national initiatives related to multimedia search as well as domains experts that participated in the CHORUS Think-thanks and workshops, this document reports on the state of the art related to multimedia content search from, a technical, and socio-economic perspective.
The technical perspective includes an up to date view on content based indexing and retrieval technologies, multimedia search in the context of mobile devices and peer-to-peer networks, and an overview of current evaluation and benchmark inititiatives to measure the performance of multimedia search engines.
From a socio-economic perspective we inventorize the impact and legal consequences of these technical advances and point out future directions of research
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