8,083 research outputs found
Near-Memory Address Translation
Memory and logic integration on the same chip is becoming increasingly cost
effective, creating the opportunity to offload data-intensive functionality to
processing units placed inside memory chips. The introduction of memory-side
processing units (MPUs) into conventional systems faces virtual memory as the
first big showstopper: without efficient hardware support for address
translation MPUs have highly limited applicability. Unfortunately, conventional
translation mechanisms fall short of providing fast translations as
contemporary memories exceed the reach of TLBs, making expensive page walks
common.
In this paper, we are the first to show that the historically important
flexibility to map any virtual page to any page frame is unnecessary in today's
servers. We find that while limiting the associativity of the
virtual-to-physical mapping incurs no penalty, it can break the
translate-then-fetch serialization if combined with careful data placement in
the MPU's memory, allowing for translation and data fetch to proceed
independently and in parallel. We propose the Distributed Inverted Page Table
(DIPTA), a near-memory structure in which the smallest memory partition keeps
the translation information for its data share, ensuring that the translation
completes together with the data fetch. DIPTA completely eliminates the
performance overhead of translation, achieving speedups of up to 3.81x and
2.13x over conventional translation using 4KB and 1GB pages respectively.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
High Impedance Detector Arrays for Magnetic Resonance
Resonant inductive coupling is commonly seen as an undesired fundamental
phenomenon emergent in densely packed resonant structures, such as nuclear
magnetic resonance phased array detectors. The need to mitigate coupling
imposes rigid constraints on the detector design, impeding performance and
limiting the scope of magnetic resonance experiments. Here we introduce a high
impedance detector design, which can cloak itself from electrodynamic
interactions with neighboring elements. We verify experimentally that the high
impedance detectors do not suffer from signal-to-noise degradation mechanisms
observed with traditional low impedance elements. Using this new-found
robustness, we demonstrate an adaptive wearable detector array for magnetic
resonance imaging of the hand. The unique properties of the detector glove
reveal new pathways to study the biomechanics of soft tissues, and exemplify
the enabling potential of high-impedance detectors for a wide range of
demanding applications that are not well suited to traditional coil designs.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, videos available upon reques
Optical Design of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Millimeter Bolometric Array Camera
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope is a 6-meter telescope designed to map the
Cosmic Microwave Background simultaneously at 145 GHz, 215 GHz, and 280 GHz
with arcminute resolution. Each frequency will have a 32 by 32 element focal
plane array of TES bolometers. This paper describes the design of the telescope
and the cold reimaging optics, which is optimized for millimeter-wave
observations with these sensitive detectors.Comment: 23 pages. Accepted for publication in Applied Optics. Several minor
clarifications added after peer revie
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