Safety assessment methods for avionics software system

Nowadays, the avionics software has been becoming more and more critical for both civil and military aircraft. However, the software may become crazy sometimes and may cause the catastrophic result if any failure in software. Therefore, the software safety assessment is not only crucial to the specific software, but also for the system and aircraft. Although there are some industry standards as guidelines for development of software system, applications of these standards to practical software systems are still challenged and hard to operate in practice. This thesis tries to solve this problem. After analyses and summaries of the system safety assessment process and existing software safety assessment process in different fields, research wants to propose the systematic and comprehensive software safety assessment process and method for avionics software. The thesis presents the research process, and proposes one suitable avionics software safety assessment process. Meanwhile, thesis uses a real functional block in flight management system as a case study, and then conducts the software safety requirement assessment based on the proposed software safety assessment method. After analysis the result of case study, this proposed software safety assessment process and methods can quickly and correctly identify the software design errors. So, this analysis can use to prove the feasibility and validity of this proposed software safety assessment process and methods, which will help engineers modify every software design errors at the early stage in order to guarantee the software safety

Quality measures and assurance for AI (Artificial Intelligence) software

This report is concerned with the application of software quality and evaluation measures to AI software and, more broadly, with the question of quality assurance for AI software. Considered are not only the metrics that attempt to measure some aspect of software quality, but also the methodologies and techniques (such as systematic testing) that attempt to improve some dimension of quality, without necessarily quantifying the extent of the improvement. The report is divided into three parts Part 1 reviews existing software quality measures, i.e., those that have been developed for, and applied to, conventional software. Part 2 considers the characteristics of AI software, the applicability and potential utility of measures and techniques identified in the first part, and reviews those few methods developed specifically for AI software. Part 3 presents an assessment and recommendations for the further exploration of this important area

Situation-oriented requirements engineering

The establishment of smart environments, Internet of Things (IoT) and socio-technical systems has introduced many challenges to the software development process. One such main challenge is software requirements gathering which needs to address issues in a broader spectrum than traditional standalone software development. Consideration of bigger picture that includes software, its domain, the components of the domains and especially the interactions between the software and the surrounding domain components, including both human and other systems entities, is essential to gathering reliable requirements. However, most of the traditional Requirements Engineering approaches lack such comprehensive overlook of the overall view. The main objective of this work is to introduce a human-centered approach to Requirements Engineering in order to push the boundaries of traditional concepts to be more suitable for use in the development of modern socio-technical systems in smart environments. A major challenge of introducing a human-centered approach is to effectively identify the related human factors; especially, since each individual has unique desires, goals, behaviors. Our proposed solution is to use the observational data sets generated by smart environments as a resource to extract individual\u27s unique personalities and behaviors related to the software design. The concept of situations defined in our earlier study is used to represent the human and domain related aspects including human desires, goals, beliefs, interactions with the system and the constrained environment. In the first stage of this work, a computational model called situation-transition structure is developed to understand the discrete factors and behavior patterns of individuals through the observational data. During the second stage, the information mined from the situation transition structure is applied to propose new human-centered approaches to support main Requirements Engineering concepts: requirements elicitation, risk management, and prioritization. The pertinence of the proposed work is illustrated through some case studies. The conclusion asserts some of the future research direction

The integration of hazard evaluation procedures and requirements engineering for safety-critical embedded systems

Although much work has been done on assessing safety requirements in programmable systems, one very important aspect, the integration of hazard evaluation procedures and requirements engineering, has been somewhat neglected. This thesis describes the derivation and application of a methodology, HAZAPS (HAZard Assessment in Programmable Systems). The methodology assists at the requirements stage in the development of safety-critical embedded systems. The objectives are to identify hazards in programmable systems, construct and model the associated safety requirements, and, finally, to assess these requirements. HAZAPS integrates safety engineering and software modelling techniques. The analysis of more than 300 computer related incidents provided the criteria used to identify, select and modify safety engineering techniques. [Continues.

Problem Oriented Engineering for Software Safety

Safety critical systems must satisfy stringent safety standards and there development requires the use of specialist safe software system development (SSSD) approaches as the complexity and penetration of these systems increases. These SSSD approaches satisfy certain useful properties that make them suitable for safety system development. The first objective of this thesis is to select a candidate SSSD approach and evaluate its capabilities against a set of useful properties identified from reviewing a group of existing SSSD approaches, and thus show that this candidate SSSD approach is appropriate for use in safety system development. In addition, a second objective is to use this candidate SSSD approach to improve the early life cycle phase of an existing industrial safety development process used to develop embedded avionics applications. In particular to allow issues to be resolved earlier in the development, which are currently not being uncovered until much later in the development when they are much more difficult and expensive to correct. This involved the identification of further properties and issues that the candidate SSSD approach must address. The overall aim is to demonstrate that this candidate SSSD approach can be used in the early phase of a safety system development to derive a validated specification that can be subjected to safety analysis to show that it satisfies the identified system safety properties and thus forms a viable basis for the rest of the development

Poverty, Diet and Health Behaviours: a Quantitative and Qualitative Study Among Young Urbanised Women.

Demographic, socio-economic, attitudinal, dietary, health behavioural and anthropometric data were collected from 221 “disadvantaged” and 74 “advantaged” women aged 18-35 years across Dublin, according to the provisions of a novel socio-economic sampling frame. Internal and external validation techniques established the dietary assessment method of choice and identified “valid” dietary reporters (n=216, 153 disadvantaged, 63 advantaged) among this sample. Five qualitative focus groups (n=5-8 per group) were also conducted among disadvantaged women to examine their diet and health behaviour choices. Lower intakes of fruit and vegetables (172g/d vs. 405g/d,

Volume 20, Number 03 (March 1902)

Harold Bauer on the Study of the Piano Artistic Freedom Musical Appreciation Comparative Composition Development of Rhythm Musical Pioneers Discipline of the Thumb Prime Necessity in Music Education Relation of the Teacher Toward the Pupil Sight Readinghttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1467/thumbnail.jp