Innovation networks in China, Japan, and Korea : evidence from Japanese patent data

The growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using Japanese patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan's technological specialization saw little change, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common field of prominent technology is "electronic circuits and communication technologies". Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronic technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries.East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, Technological innovations, Industrial technology, Patents, Technology transfer, Electronics, Telecommunication, Innovation network, Patent statistics

An Experimental Investigation of Productivity Stratification and Knowledge Transfer in an Electronically Mediated Environment

The idea of anywhere and anytime learning is enticing from a military standpoint, given the high deployment rates in the current operational environment. Electronic-based learning is seen as an answer to this requirement. Currently there are many variations in electronic-based instructional media, and little has been done to determine which format or combination of formats is most conducive to facilitating knowledge transfer and learning. The research project explores, through the use of an experiment, three primary constructs of media richness, content flexibility, and forced engagement, in their relation to effectiveness or productivity in facilitating learning in the experimental participants. The instructional subject matter of choice in this experimental research was the art of detecting deceptive communication. Within the confines of this study, little empirical evidence was found to support the idea that any of the specific variations of electronic training medium outperformed the others in facilitating knowledge transfer

Identifying Transfer of Care Gaps: Electronic Health Record Capture of Perioperative Handoff Communications

Transitions in patient care are held together by interdisciplinary handoff communications intended to coordinate the patient\u27s ongoing care requirements. Patients with complexity in care encumber the transfer of care process requiring a higher level of care coordination between the interdisciplinary team (Coleman, 2003; Naylor et al., 2004). While the literature is abundant on the characteristics and quality of handoff communications, it is limited on the requirements of what data is necessary for ongoing care following transfer communications (Galatzan & Carrington, 2018). This dissertation explores the verbal information transferred during Operating Room (OR) to Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) nursing handoff communications and whether the data is captured in the electronic health record (EHR) to represent the information critical to ongoing patient care and care planning. the study builds on the Kennedy Integrated Theoretical Framework (KITF) (Kennedy, 2012) integrating cognition theory, patterns of knowledge theory, and clinical communication space theory to support the human-technology characteristics within perioperative handoffs. Evidence of wisdom was present in the KITF in addition to elements of non-verbal communication patterns emerging from shared common ground contributed to the framework\u27s expansion. to understand the contributions of the perioperative nursing interface terminology, the Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS), makes to postsurgical care transitions, the study examines nursing diagnoses, interventions, interim outcomes and goals relationships to the handoff data communicated between OR and PACU Registered Nurses. Study findings revealed a complex fragmented process of verbal communications and electronic documentation for the handoff process. While the EHR is prominent in data procurement for the handoff process, the design of handoff artifacts (e.g., paper, electronic) significantly impact the value of information received. Incomplete handoff tools or missing EHR data adds to a cycle of information decay while contributing to increase cognitive load and potentiating opportunities for information and knowledge loss. the absence of nursing diagnoses in the automation of the PNDS challenges the integrity of the language within the documentation platform and raises considerations for hierarchical representation within interface terminologies. This study reinforces literature to reconsider user requirements in the design and functionality of healthcare information technology (HIT) to enable data and information flow and preserve knowledge development. the inclusion of mobile technology, cognitive support aids including clinical decision support tools, and other HIT will further enable the effectiveness of transfer communication, knowledge development, and the safety of ongoing patient care

IT security of electronic communication systems in smart textile products

The SEKT research project, which is supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, systematically investigates the integration and IT security of electronic communication systems in smart textile products. The main objectives are the scientific investigation of the IT security of Smart Textiles, the transfer of existing security concepts and the development of secure, innovative prototypes. The knowledge gained will be used to derive guidelines for the further procedure and courses for the textile and clothing industry will be developed, which will ensure an intensive multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral transfer of know-how. This challenge is to be met by an interdisciplinary team of scientists and companies from the textile and clothing industry and information technology. The actual status will be presented within the presentation

An Investigation of alternative communication methods to face to face interaction between design and client

As technology becomes increasingly more sophisticated, means and demand for digital communication are increasing. The geographical expansion of the business world has made communication alternatives critical to working together more effectively. Face to face meetings may not be possible or the most cost and time efficient approach. Also, there is a move towards working at home, telecommuting, by using electronic communication for interaction (Fitzgerald 1993). Thus, electronic correspondence is becoming essential and we are witnessing a move towards higher performance and potential for communication alternatives. Knowing the options and their appropriateness is a competitive advantage. In a information society dominated by computers and communications, value is increased by knowledge, as well as by the speed of movement of that knowledge. (Fitzgerald 1994). Graphic designers rely on strong communication with their clients. Clients\u27 needs must be expressed to the designer and designer\u27s solutions must be communicated for approval. This process is repeated at several stages: initial, revision, and final. Traditionally, when face to face meetings were not feasible, comprehensives were mailed to the client. With the current move towards electronic communication, mail manual transportation are slower and possibly more expensive than electronic correspondence. With technology today, electronic correspondence may also include interactivity, voice, and video. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate alternative methods to face to face interaction between designer and client throughout the design approval process. The goal being to determine the appropriateness of each transmission application for information interchange of different kind of images and at different stages of the approval process. Appropriateness was to be determined by equipment, economic and time factors, interoperability, security, and aesthetic and communication quality. Facsimile technology, Adobe Acrobat\u27s portable document formal files, the Internet, and videoconferencing were the vehicles analyzed as an electronic correspondence alternatives to face to face interaction. The vehicles were tested in two parts, through survey and actual transactions with graphic designers. Participants were provided questionnaires to evaluate and compare the visual and non visual aspects of each vehicle. This thesis did not test specific software or hardware, but rather the validity of the technique for interaction and transmission of data between designer and client throughout the design approval process. The test was in two parts. The first part was a survey sampling of 1 00 design sites, design firms and advertising agencies, to derive quantitative information on each transmission vehicle Based on the assessment of the appropriateness of each vehicle, determined by survey response in conjunction with background research, Facsimile technology, Adobe Acrobat, and videoconferencing were deemed appropriate for further testing. The Internet was deemed inappropriate. Three design sites were involved in comparing facsimile technology and PDF files to dye sublimation hardcopy prints. A video-conference was donated, conducted, and videotaped. Participants were asked to evaluate and compare visual and non-visual aspects of the transmitted comprehensives. The conclusion of this thesis project is that the technology is here to use for electronic alternatives to face to face interaction between clients. Some adjustments have to be made, though, before these technologies can be embraced completely. Electronic alternatives are not qualified for final approval because of lack of precision in color, lack of demonstrating production or finishing operations, and the quality of typography on monitors are extremely low causing the aesthetic quality to be extremely diminished. Second, the designers selected hardcopy as the best option for communicating the tested designs. This indicates the community is not ready to embrace electronic alternatives. This may be due to a lacking of advantage of the electronic option to deem them necessary and/or lack of comfortability with the electronic alternatives. Either reason, electronic alternatives to face to face interaction between client and designer is not, currenly, being fully accepted. As for the vehicles themselves, Adobe Acrobat was found to be a very appropriate product to use between designer and client to communicate design comprehensives for initial and revision stages. Facsimile transmissions are appropriate for initial comprehensives or for revisions of comprehensives already seen at higher quality by the client. The Internet is presently not appropriate for private one-to-one file transfer between client and designer. Its strengths do not outweigh its risks. Videoconferencing is electronic correspondence, not file transfer. It can be used in combination with mail carrier service and file transfer or alone. If the client has been sent appropriate final proofs and the conference is used for verbal and visual communication, it is appropriate for all stages. If the final proof has not been sent, it is very appropriate for initial and revision stages. In comparison to mail carriers, all electronic options transmission times were significantly faster. All transmissions were under a hour. Additionally, all alternatives except videoconferencing, were less expensive

Effective Knowledge Transfer: Application of the Media Richness Theory

Nowadays, information and knowledge are easily transmitted through communication and media types. Knowledge transfer must be in a manner that best meets the organization's business needs. The knowledge transfer quality depends on communication, and communication media have different levels of capability in transmitting knowledge; Media selection is based on various factors such as specific media features and the message content nature. The current research has been done by the library method. The necessary data were gathered through the study of printed and electronic information resources available in libraries, on the Internet, and in national and international databases. One of the success factors in transferring tacit knowledge depends on the selection of the appropriate knowledge transfer mechanism and communication media. Tacit knowledge (the most important type of knowledge) can be captured, stored, or transmitted using a specific type of technology based on the media enrichment theory. The main assumption of media richness theory is that person's performance in a communication situation is the result of proper conformity between the communication media features and intended task attributes. According to the media richness theory (MRT), each channel has its advantages and disadvantages, and as a result, each can be more ideal than the others for different scenarios. In the knowledge-sharing process after determining the implicit levels of knowledge (high, medium, low) by experts, based on media richness theory, the most appropriate media for transferring this type of knowledge is selected to ensure effectiveness

The Impact of Subsidiary Autonomy on MNE Knowledge Transfer: Resolving the Debate

This paper explores theoretical and empirical ambiguities in the literature concerning the impact of foreign subsidiary autonomy on intra-MNE knowledge transfer. We argue that understanding the interdependences between subsidiary autonomy and the use of different communication systems – e.g. person-based and electronic-based communication systems – is crucial to putting forward new insights in the debate. Based on the recent literature on strategic management, we hypothesize that the two communication systems call for different degrees of subsidiary autonomy and vice versa. Using a data set consisting of 307 dyads between foreign subsidiaries and their parent companies, we find that two distinctive configurations positively affect the extent of knowledge transfer from foreign subsidiaries to their parent companies. The first is the combination of a high degree of subsidiary autonomy and the use of person-based mechanisms, and the second is the combination of low subsidiary autonomy and the use of electronic-based mechanisms

TELE-DENTISTRY A NEW HORIZON OF DENTISTRY IN PAKISTAN

A new term e-dentistry or tele-dentistry is getting popularity these days in e-health which uses electronic processes and communication for the transfer of dental health resources and health-care by electronic means. Practice of e-dentistry is not adequate in Pakistan. Objective:The main objective of the study was to assess Knowledge and Attitude of Dentists towards Tele-Dentistry in Pakistan. Place and duration of study: this was conducted in Arm Forces Institute Of Dentistry Rawalpindi and Allied Hospital Faisalabad from January 2016 to September 2018.  Methodology: The data were collected through the self designed questionnaire. Study sample (n=155) included 92 males and 63 females. Mean age of male respondents was 29.57±5.3 years and the mean age of female respondents was 29.2±5.3 years. Results: According to the results of the study 37.4% respondents reported “yes” about knowledge about e-health. 23.9% reported “yes” about the knowledge of Open Dental or Free Dental software. 13.5% respondents had knowledge about the databases used now a days. 72.3% didn’t mention any use of e-health. 30.3% respondents had attended seminar on e-health. No respondent had practiced tele-dental health. 38.1% respondents agreed for practicability of e-health. 39.35% respondents reported that tele-dentistry can be practiced in Pakistan. 21% respondents recommended some areas where tele-dentistry can be applied. Conclusion: There are still significant gaps in the facts between where e-health is used and where its use is supported by high-quality evidence. Tele-dentistry has a potential to benefit the Pakistan’s healthcare system in terms of preventive care and disease treatment. Key Words: Communication, e-dental health, Healthcare, Tele-dentistry Knowledge, Practice

Embrapa Technological Information: a bridge between research and society

This paper presents the efforts undertaken by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation regarding Science and Technology information management, through one of its Decentralized Units, Embrapa Technological Information (Scientific and Technological Information Service', SCT). The major aim of SCT is to promote and improve the processes of scientific communication - information that feeds and that results from research activities - and of science and technology dissemination - information that results from research activities and that is directed to the general publi