Status of the CBM experiment

Abstract. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the Facility for Anti-Proton and Ion Research (FAIR) will explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at highest net baryon densities and moderate temperatures. The CBM physics pro-gram will be started with beams delivered by the SIS 100 synchrotron, providing energies from 2 to 11 GeV/nucleon for heavy nuclei, up to 14 GeV/nucleon for light nuclei, and 29 GeV for protons. The highest net baryon densities will be explored with ion beams up to 45 GeV/nucleon energy delivered by SIS 300 in the next stage of FAIR. Collision rates up to 107 per second are required to produce very rare probes with unprecedented statistics in this energy range. Their signatures are complex. These conditions call for detector systems designed to meet the extreme requirements in terms of rate capability, momentum and spatial resolution, and a novel DAQ and trigger concept which is not limited by latency but by throughput. The article discusses the development status of the CBM sub-systems for charged particle tracking, vertex detection, electron/muon identifi-cation, hadron/time-of-flight measurement, electromagnetic and zero-degree calorimetry, in terms of prototypes and expected physics performance. The concept and develop-ment status of CBM’s central detector, the Silicon Tracking System STS are presented in somewhat more detail.

Quench Study for FAIR Magnets

FAIR – the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research is a new international accelerator facility which is built in Darmstadt, Germany. The core machines of the project are the superconducting synchrotron SIS100 and the superconducting fragment separator Super–FRS. Design and construction of superconducting machines require a comprehensive study of cases when the superconducting state is lost (quench). This dissertation covers two subjects. The first subject aims the development of a novel calculation tool (called GSI quench software) dedicated to the quench study of the FAIR magnets. Quench calculations done with the GSI software serve as an input for the proper design of SIS100 and Super–FRS quench detection and energy extraction systems. The software uses the unconditionally stable implicit scheme for the solution of the partial–differential equations that describe the thermal model of the coil. An innovative adaptive time stepping algorithm is used in order to limit the maximum temperature increase of the individual mesh elements to a predefined level. The thermal model of the coil gives the possibility to include the cooling by a liquid helium bath. The electrical circuit topology including the magnet protection system (energy extraction resistors and/or by–pass diodes) is implemented. The properties of the magnet’s yoke are taken into account in the inductance function Ld(I). The implemented electro–thermal model was verified and validated by comparison to quench measurements conducted on SIS100 dipole and Super–FRS dipole prototypes. The testing campaign on the SIS100 dipole prototype (magnet training, quench propagation velocity, hot–spot temperature, MIITs, RRRCu, inductance, splice resistance, current leads) was performed in the scope of this work. The quench measurements on the Super–FRS dipole prototype were received from the FAIR China Group. The results of calculations performed with the GSI software are either in good agreement with the measurement data or they represent the worst case scenario, e.g. the calculated hot–spot temperature or quench voltage is higher than measured. The second subject concerns the design challenges of the SIS100 quench detection system. An outstanding cycling rate of the dipole circuit (4 T/s), high voltage (U0/U = 1 kV/2 kV), radiation hardness required for the equipment to be installed in the accelerator tunnel (>= 1 MGy) and long signal lines between the magnets and quench detection racks (up to 200 m) implies a customised design of the key components of the system. Selected contributions to the SIS100 quench detection system, concerning the reduction of the parasitic capacitance in the main magnet circuits (by utilising magnetic amplifiers and a new overlapping structure of balance bridges) and the development of a quench detector dedicated to corrector magnets (mutual inductance detector) are presented

Particle-identification capability of the straw tube tracker and feasibility studies for the charmed-baryon program with PANDA

PANDA zal een van de belangrijkste experimenten zijn bij de toekomstige Faciliteit voor Antiproton en Ion Onderzoek (FAIR), welke in aanbouw is in Darmstadt, Duitsland. Het PANDA experiment zal botsingen onderzoeken tussen een straal van antiprotonen en een gefixeerd proton of nucleair doelwit. PANDA heeft een unieke opstelling vergeleken met andere natuurkunde experimenten en zal een unieke toegang geven tot verschillende natuurkunde onderwerpen. De verwachting is dat het PANDA experiment zal voorzien in nieuwe resultaten die helpen de zware-baryon sector experimenteel in kaart te brengen. Het Λc baryon speelt een significante rol in het begrijpen van zowel charm als bottom baryonen. PANDA bestaat uit subdetectoren die geoptimaliseerde individuele taken hebben. Een van de belangrijke taken is de reconstructie van de afgelegde baan, die gebaseerd is op informatie verkregen van de baandetectoren. PANDA heeft vier belangrijke baandetectoren en een daarvan is de Straw Tube Tracker (STT), een cilindrische detector die bestaat uit met gas gevulde buizen. Dit proefschrift presenteert Monte Carlo (MC) -simulaties die zijn uitgevoerd om het vermogen van PANDA bij gecharmeerde baryonproductie te onderzoeken. Daarnaast worden de resultaten gepresenteerd van tests die zijn uitgevoerd met een prototype STT-detector onderzoek ook de elektronische uitlezing en tracking en PID-prestaties om eindelijk een beslissing te nemen om de PANDA STT-detector te lezen