A real time classification algorithm for EEG-based BCI driven by self-induced emotions

Background and objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an efficient, parametric, general, and completely automatic real time classification method of electroencephalography (EEG) signals obtained from self-induced emotions. The particular characteristics of the considered low-amplitude signals (a self-induced emotion produces a signal whose amplitude is about 15% of a really experienced emotion) require exploring and adapting strategies like the Wavelet Transform, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) for signal processing, analysis and classification. Moreover, the method is thought to be used in a multi-emotions based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and, for this reason, an ad hoc shrewdness is assumed. Method: The peculiarity of the brain activation requires ad-hoc signal processing by wavelet decomposition, and the definition of a set of features for signal characterization in order to discriminate different self-induced emotions. The proposed method is a two stages algorithm, completely parameterized, aiming at a multi-class classification and may be considered in the framework of machine learning. The first stage, the calibration, is off-line and is devoted at the signal processing, the determination of the features and at the training of a classifier. The second stage, the real-time one, is the test on new data. The PCA theory is applied to avoid redundancy in the set of features whereas the classification of the selected features, and therefore of the signals, is obtained by the SVM. Results: Some experimental tests have been conducted on EEG signals proposing a binary BCI, based on the self-induced disgust produced by remembering an unpleasant odor. Since in literature it has been shown that this emotion mainly involves the right hemisphere and in particular the T8 channel, the classification procedure is tested by using just T8, though the average accuracy is calculated and reported also for the whole set of the measured channels. Conclusions: The obtained classification results are encouraging with percentage of success that is, in the average for the whole set of the examined subjects, above 90%. An ongoing work is the application of the proposed procedure to map a large set of emotions with EEG and to establish the EEG headset with the minimal number of channels to allow the recognition of a significant range of emotions both in the field of affective computing and in the development of auxiliary communication tools for subjects affected by severe disabilities

EEG-NeXt: A Modernized ConvNet for The Classification of Cognitive Activity from EEG

One of the main challenges in electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems is learning the subject/session invariant features to classify cognitive activities within an end-to-end discriminative setting. We propose a novel end-to-end machine learning pipeline, EEG-NeXt, which facilitates transfer learning by: i) aligning the EEG trials from different subjects in the Euclidean-space, ii) tailoring the techniques of deep learning for the scalograms of EEG signals to capture better frequency localization for low-frequency, longer-duration events, and iii) utilizing pretrained ConvNeXt (a modernized ResNet architecture which supersedes state-of-the-art (SOTA) image classification models) as the backbone network via adaptive finetuning. On publicly available datasets (Physionet Sleep Cassette and BNCI2014001) we benchmark our method against SOTA via cross-subject validation and demonstrate improved accuracy in cognitive activity classification along with better generalizability across cohorts

Bio-signal based control in assistive robots: a survey

Recently, bio-signal based control has been gradually deployed in biomedical devices and assistive robots for improving the quality of life of disabled and elderly people, among which electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG) bio-signals are being used widely. This paper reviews the deployment of these bio-signals in the state of art of control systems. The main aim of this paper is to describe the techniques used for (i) collecting EMG and EEG signals and diving these signals into segments (data acquisition and data segmentation stage), (ii) dividing the important data and removing redundant data from the EMG and EEG segments (feature extraction stage), and (iii) identifying categories from the relevant data obtained in the previous stage (classification stage). Furthermore, this paper presents a summary of applications controlled through these two bio-signals and some research challenges in the creation of these control systems. Finally, a brief conclusion is summarized

Kombinasi Sinyal EEG Dan Giroskop Untuk Kendali Mobil Virtual Dengan Menggunakan Modifikasi ICA Dan SVM

. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has been widely researched and developed in many fields of science. EEG signals could be classified into useful information for the application of Brain Computer Interface topic (BCI). In this research, we focus in a topic about driving a car using EEG signal. There are many approaches in EEG signal classification, but some approaches do not robust EEG signals that have many artifacts and have been recorded in real time. This research aims to classify EEG signals to obtain more optimal results, especially EEG signals with many artifacts and can be recorded in realtime. This research uses Emotiv EPOC device to record EEG signals in realtime. In this research, we propose the combination of Automatic Artifact Removal (AAR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) which has 71% of accuracy that can be applied to drive a virtual car