Novel annular flow electromagnetic measurement system for drilling engineering

Downhole micro-flux control drilling technology can effectively solve drilling accidents, such as kick and loss in narrow density window drilling scenarios. Using a downhole annular flow measurement system to obtain real-time information of downhole annular flow is the core and foundation of downhole micro-flux control drilling technology. The research work of electromagnetic flowmeters in recent years creates a challenge for downhole annular flow measurement. This paper proposes a new method for an annular flow measurement system based on the electromagnetic induction principle. First, the annular flow measuring principle, the weight function, the density of virtual current, and the magnetic field of the annular flow electromagnetic measurement system are described. Second, the basic design of the annular flow electromagnetic measurement system is described. Third, model simulation and dynamic experiments on an annular flow electromagnetic measurement system are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show a linear relationship between the system output and the annular flow rate, and also verify the correctness of annular flow electromagnetic measurement theory

Two-phase flow meter for determining water and solids volumetric flow rate in vertical and inclined solids-in-water flows

Multiphase flow can be defined as the simultaneous flow of a stream of two or more phases. Solids-in-water flow is a multiphase flows where solids and liquid are both present. Due to the density differences of the two phases, the results for such flow is often to have non-uniform profiles of the local volume fraction and local axial velocity for both phases in the flow cross-section. These non-uniform profiles are clearly noticeable in solids-in-water stratified flow with moving bed for inclined and horizontal pipelines. However in many industrial applications, such as oil and gas industry, food industry and mining industry, multiphase flows also exist and it is essentially important to determine the phase concentration and velocity distributions in through the pipe cross-section in order to be able to estimate the accurately the volumetric flow rate for each phase. This thesis describe the development of a novel non-intrusive flow meter that can be used for measuring the local volume fraction distribution and local axial velocity distributions of the continuous and discontinuous phases in highly non-uniform multiphase flows for which the continuous phase is electrically conducting and the discontinuous phase is an insulator. The developed flow meter is based on combining two measurement techniques: the Impedance cross correlation ICC technique and the electromagnetic velocity profiler EVP technique. Impedance cross correlation ICC is a non-invasive technique used to measure the local volume fraction distributions for both phases and the local velocity distribution for the dispersed phase over the pipe cross-section, whilst the electromagnetic velocity profiler EVP technique is used to v measure the local axial velocity profile of the continuous phase through the pipe cross-section. By using these profiles the volumetric flow rates of both phases can be calculated. A number of experiments were carried out in solid-in-water flow in the University of Huddersfield solids-in-water flow loop which has an 80 mm ID and an approximately 3m long working section. ICC and EVP systems were mounted at 1.6 m from the working section inlet which was inclined at 0 and 30 degree to the vertical. The obtained result for the flow parameters including phase volume fraction and velocity profiles and volumetric flow rates, have been compared with reference measurements and error sources of difference with their reference measurements have been identified and investigated

Methodology Applied to the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Dikes and Dams

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Progress of Electrical Resistance Tomography Application in Oil and Gas Reservoirs for Development Dynamic Monitoring

Petroleum engineers need real-time understanding of the dynamic information of reservoirs and production in the development process, which is essential for the fine description of oil and gas reservoirs. Due to the non-invasive feature of electromagnetic waves, more and more oil and gas reservoirs have received attention to capture the development dynamics with electrical resistance tomography (ERT). By measuring the distribution of resistivity on the surface, the ERT can offer information on the subsurface media. The theory and foundation of the ERT technology are presented in this study in the context of monitoring oil and gas reservoir growth dynamics. The characteristics of ERT technology are analyzed, and the progress of ERT application in the development of monitoring dynamics in terms of residual oil distribution, detection of water-driven leading edge, and monitoring of fractures during hydraulic fracturing is reviewed, as well as the progress of ERT technology optimization, including forward and inverse algorithms. This review aims to promote further application of ERT in the field of reservoir dynamics monitoring because of its important engineering significance as well as its academic value in terms of improving production efficiency and reducing risk

Index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1972

Abstracts of 1972 NASA Tech Briefs are presented. Four indexes are included: subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief number

Frontiers in Ultra-Precision Machining

Ultra-precision machining is a multi-disciplinary research area that is an important branch of manufacturing technology. It targets achieving ultra-precision form or surface roughness accuracy, forming the backbone and support of today’s innovative technology industries in aerospace, semiconductors, optics, telecommunications, energy, etc. The increasing demand for components with ultra-precision accuracy has stimulated the development of ultra-precision machining technology in recent decades. Accordingly, this Special Issue includes reviews and regular research papers on the frontiers of ultra-precision machining and will serve as a platform for the communication of the latest development and innovations of ultra-precision machining technologies

NASA Thesaurus. Volume 1: Hierarchical listing

There are 16,713 postable terms and 3,716 nonpostable terms approved for use in the NASA scientific and technical information system in the Hierarchical Listing of the NASA Thesaurus. The generic structure is presented for many terms. The broader term and narrower term relationships are shown in an indented fashion that illustrates the generic structure better than the more widely used BT and NT listings. Related terms are generously applied, thus enhancing the usefulness of the Hierarchical Listing. Greater access to the Hierarchical Listing may be achieved with the collateral use of Volume 2 - Access Vocabulary

NASA thesaurus. Volume 1: Hierarchical Listing

There are over 17,000 postable terms and nearly 4,000 nonpostable terms approved for use in the NASA scientific and technical information system in the Hierarchical Listing of the NASA Thesaurus. The generic structure is presented for many terms. The broader term and narrower term relationships are shown in an indented fashion that illustrates the generic structure better than the more widely used BT and NT listings. Related terms are generously applied, thus enhancing the usefulness of the Hierarchical Listing. Greater access to the Hierarchical Listing may be achieved with the collateral use of Volume 2 - Access Vocabulary and Volume 3 - Definitions

Emerging Trends in Mechatronics

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary branch of engineering combining mechanical, electrical and electronics, control and automation, and computer engineering fields. The main research task of mechatronics is design, control, and optimization of advanced devices, products, and hybrid systems utilizing the concepts found in all these fields. The purpose of this special issue is to help better understand how mechatronics will impact on the practice and research of developing advanced techniques to model, control, and optimize complex systems. The special issue presents recent advances in mechatronics and related technologies. The selected topics give an overview of the state of the art and present new research results and prospects for the future development of the interdisciplinary field of mechatronic systems

Advances in structural analysis and process monitoring of thermoplastic composite pipes.

Thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) in comparison to other pipes have proven beneficial features due to its flexibility which includes being fit for purpose, lightweight and no corrosion. However, during the manufacturing of TCP which involves the consolidation process, certain defects may be induced in it because of certain parameters, and this can affect the performance of the pipe in the long run as the induced defects might lead to in-service defects. Current techniques used in the industry are facing challenges with on-the-spot detection in a continuous manufacturing system. In TCP manufacturing process, the pipe is regularly monitored. When a defect is noticed, the whole process stops, and the appropriate action is taken. However, shutting down the process is costly; hence it is vital to decrease the downtime during manufacturing to the barest minimum. The solutions include optimizing the process for reduction in the manufacturing defects amount and thoroughly understanding the effect of parameters which causes certain defect types in the pipe. This review covers the current state-of-the-art and challenges associated with characterizing the identified manufacturing induced defects in TCP. It discusses and describes all effective consolidation monitoring strategy for early detection of these defects during manufacturing through the application of suitable sensing technology that is compatible with the TCP. It can be deduced that there is a correlation between manufacturing process to the performance of the final part and selection of characterization technique as well as optimizing process parameters