Model Production System for Laminated Wood Products

The purpose of this research was to investigate and experiment with the use of a designed model production system in comparison to a traditional system. It was the intent of this study to develop an efficient model production system for producing laminated wood products. This research included: (l) review of the literature pertinent to wood lamination, (2) survey of companies and individuals involved with wood lamination, (3) design and testing of a model lamination system, and (4) comparison of the designed system to the traditional method of laminating a wood product The variables and procedures relating to wood lamination were identified through the review of literature and returned surveys. The variables and procedures deemed important were used to design the schematic, mathematical, and physical models of a lamination system. The designed model system was compared to the traditional method of producing a laminated wood product. This was done through a comparison of production times, process charts, process layout diagrams, and cost analysis The primary conclusions obtained from this study were: (1) the designed model layout resulted in less material movement than the traditional layout, (2) the designed model process required fewer production activities than the traditional process, (3) the designed model process required less production time than the traditional method, (4) the designed model proved to be more economical in producing the same quantity of products than the traditional method, and (5) the quality of the laminated wood product proved higher using the designed model system in comparison to the traditional method It is recommended that: (1) a designed layout be used in lamination production runs, (2) a designed process should be incorporated in lamination production runs, (3) break-even analysis should be used to compare the economics of two production methods, and (4) models should be used to compare two or more competing system

A Review of State-of-the-Art Large Sized Foam Cutting Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing Technologies.

Purpose – Current additive rapid prototyping (RP) technologies fail to efficiently produce objects greater than 0.5?m3 due to restrictions in build size, build time and cost. A need exists to develop RP and manufacturing technologies capable of producing large objects in a rapid manner directly from computer-aided design data. Foam cutting RP is a relatively new technology capable of producing large complex objects using inexpensive materials. The purpose of this paper is to describe nine such technologies that have been developed or are currently being developed at institutions around the world. The relative merits of each system are discussed. Recommendations are given with the aim of enhancing the performance of existing and future foam cutting RP systems. Design/methodology/approach – The review is based on an extensive literature review covering academic publications, company documents and web site information. Findings – The paper provides insights into the different machine configurations and cutting strategies. The most successful machines and cutting strategies are identified. Research limitations/implications – Most of the foam cutting RP systems described have not been developed to the commercial level, thus a benchmark study directly comparing the nine systems was not possible. Originality/value – This paper provides the first overview of foam cutting RP technology, a field which is over a decade old. The information contained in this paper will help improve future developments in foam cutting RP systems

Simplified Production of Large Prototypes using Visible Slicing

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a totally automatic generative manufacturing technique based on a “divide-and-conquer” strategy called ‘slicing’. Simple slicing used on 2.5-axis kinematics of the existing RP machines is responsible for the staircase error. Although thinner slices will have less error, the slice thickness has practical limits. Visible Slicing overcomes these limitations. A few visible slices exactly represent the object. Each visible slice can be realized using a 3- axis kinematics machine from two opposite directions. Visible slicing is implemented on Segmented Object Manufacturing (SOM) machine under development. SOM can produce soft large prototypes faster and cheaper with accuracy comparable to that of CNC machining.Mechanical Engineerin

Design and manufacturing of a Selective Laser Sintering test bench to test sintering materials

The goal of this project is to design and build a prototype of recoating system for a laser cutting machine to turn it into a selective laser sintering printing machine. This prototype will be used to study new sintering materials and to design, if decided, a SLS 3D printing Machine (Selective Laser Sintering). This project has been developed in the installations and funded by Fundació CIM. The project develops the mechanical design and the electronic system design. Both parts are explained on this paper, so new users can use the machine and can understand the system. With this paper, it is expected that it can be improved in a future to test other parameters and configurations. The paper is divided in three basic blocks that are summed up here: The first block is an introduction to the 3D printing technologies. The most used of them are explained and selective laser sintering is explained in deep. With this block the reader can understand why it is important to develop the SLS technology and what has to be done to improve the machines and the technology. The second block is a discussion on the mechanical design of the machine. The general idea of the machine is explained so the user can understand why the machine is designed in this way. After that, each part is detailed to see how the different mechanical challenges where overtaken. At the end of the block, there is a small calculations section needed on the electronic part. The third block is an extensive explanation of the electronic system that controls and moves the machine. In that block, the different components are explained so the user can understand its basics working principles. It is also explained how the selection of the electronic components was done. Then everything is put together to see the whole electronic system. Along with this paper, there are annexes that provide some extra information for the reader. One of this annexes refers to the mechanical part and the other one has some datasheets and coding for the electronic section. The whole design has been done in SOLIDWORKS cad software and its electric extension ELECWORKS. The programming job was done with Arduino compiler

An Exploration of Structural Timber Innovation

In many undergraduate programs of study, civil and structural engineering students are exposed to introductory material regarding timber construction. The information received in the undergraduate experience typically consists of a brief summary of the basic mechanical properties of wood but does not significantly cover timber design. Much greater emphasis is placed on design practices involving steel and concrete, likely due to their prominence in contemporary building trends in civil engineering. While it is true that wood is one of the older materials in terms of its utilization in structural and architectural design, it is certainly not an antiquated choice. Wood offers unique properties not found in steel and concrete, and new practices in timber construction are continually being introduced to the industry. Wood has the potential to be combined with other building materials, and the continued push for sustainable design practice is increasing its appeal. As such, it would be remiss to discard wood in the design process. This report serves to provide its reader with an understanding of wood’s unique properties and explain why it is a viable choice for projects in the twenty-first century. Topics presented include an overview of wood’s material properties, contemporary engineered wood products, and its benefits as a green building material. Also included is a selection of recent projects showcasing innovative uses of timber materials. The projects are demonstrative of the range of possibilities when working with wood and represent forward-thinking design practices. While the report does not delve too deeply into any single topic, it offers a foundation for those interested in timber construction and its recent advancements. As will be shown, wood is not limited to single-family residences and other lightweight structures

Iskorištavanje borovine (Pinus sylvestris L.) s greškama za proizvodnju kompozitnog drva

This study presents opportunities for the utilization of timber by-products with defects for manufacturing engineered wood panels. Three gluing methods were proposed for this waste raw material derived from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. The methods used for combining and gluing enabled a more complete and complex utilization of wood with defects. The physical properties (density and moisture content) and mechanical properties (bending strength and modulus of elasticity) of the laboratory-fabricated engineered wood panels were evaluated in accordance with the European standards. The highest density of 643 kg/m3 and bending strength values (28.6 N/mm2) were obtained from the panels manufactured using method 3 and veneered with beech veneer sheets. The modulus of elasticity of the laboratory-made engineered wood panels reached values of up to 5580 N/mm2. This study demonstrated the feasibility of the utilization of defective wood pieces in the manufacturing of engineered wood panels.U radu je predstavljena mogućnost iskorištavanja otpadnog drva s greškama za proizvodnju kompozitnog drva u graditeljstvu. Predložene su tri metode lijepljenja otpadnog drva borovine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Metode kombiniranja i lijepljenja omogućile su potpunije iskorištavanje drva s greškama. Fizička svojstva (gustoća i sadržaj vode) i mehanička svojstva (čvrstoća na savijanje i modul elastičnosti) laboratorijski proizvedenih kompozitnih drvnih ploča za graditeljstvo ocijenjena su prema europskim standardima. Najveću gustoću (643 kg/m3) i čvrstoću na savijanje (28,6 N/mm2) imale su ploče proizvedene metodom 3 i furnirane bukovim furnirom. Modul elastičnosti laboratorijski proizvedenih kompozitnih drvnih ploča za graditeljstvo dosegnuo je vrijednost od 5580 N/mm2. Ovo je istraživanje uputilo na mogućnost iskorištavanja drva s greškama za proizvodnju kompozitnih drvnih ploča namijenjenih graditeljstvu

Plastics in Industrial Arts

For a long time the public has expressed a keen interest in synthetic materials, whether as substitutes for natural resources that will one day be exhausted, or as improvements upon natural materials whose limitations have become apparent. Among all the products and processes that chemistry has found, none has attracted more attention than plastics. During the last two decades, there has been tremendous development in the plastics industry. War-time conditions multiplied enormously the uses of this product. Every day new uses are found for this material and it is no longer considered as a substitute for scarce materials. Plastic articles are everywhere about us, yet a surprisingly few of us know very much about plastics. Our industrial arts departments pride themselves on being so organized that students may explore all industrial channels open to them in adult life, yet few of them offer a course in plastics. In view these facts, the problem confronting the writer of this paper is to show the need for a unit in plastics in industrial arts; show the ease in which the unit can be added to an existing woodwork unit; and show the ease with which the material can be worked. The increasing importance of plastics merits it\u27s introduction into the school program. The rapid and almost phenomenal growth of plastics has created a vital need for men trained in the industry and at the same times brought the use of plastics well within the reach of the craftsman. At the present time the dearth of experienced personnel is steadily becoming more acute and as the plastics industry continues to expand, this need is bound to make itself manifest. Tremendous opportunities are now open to those individuals who wish to enter this vast expansion and it behooves the enterprising graduate to gain whatever knowledge he can pertaining to various phases of the industry.1 The hypothesis of this study is -- plastics should be included in exploratory courses of industrial arts. The study will cover the tools, equipment, and work processes for the types of plastics best suited for industrial arts classes. At the outset of this paper, the writer made the following basic assumptions: (1) To the writer\u27s knowledge, most industrial arts shops in Texas do not have a course in plastics; (2) It would follow then, that few industrial arts students have been exposed to plastics; (3) Plastics can be easily acquired and (4) A minimum amount of special equipment is needed to work plastics. It is the primary purpose of the writer to analyse the possibilities of a unit in plastics in the industrial arts shop with a view to giving high school students an opportunity to become familiar with a material that is becoming as common as wood or metal in the industrial world. 1 J. H. Dubois, Plastics, p.

Tungsten wire/FeCrAlY matrix turbine blade fabrication study

The objective was to establish a viable FRS monotape technology base to fabricate a complex, advanced turbine blade. All elements of monotape fabrication were addressed. A new process for incorporation of the matrix, including bi-alloy matrices, was developed. Bonding, cleaning, cutting, sizing, and forming parameters were established. These monotapes were then used to fabricate a 48 ply solid JT9D-7F 1st stage turbine blade. Core technology was then developed and first a 12 ply and then a 7 ply shell hollow airfoil was fabricated. As the fabrication technology advanced, additional airfoils incorporated further elements of sophistication, by introducing in sequence bonded root blocks, cross-plying, bi-metallic matrix, tip cap, trailing edge slots, and impingement inserts