1,370 research outputs found

    The Public Performance Of Sanctions In Insolvency Cases: The Dark, Humiliating, And Ridiculous Side Of The Law Of Debt In The Italian Experience. A Historical Overview Of Shaming Practices

    Get PDF
    This study provides a diachronic comparative overview of how the law of debt has been applied by certain institutions in Italy. Specifically, it offers historical and comparative insights into the public performance of sanctions for insolvency through shaming and customary practices in Roman Imperial Law, in the Middle Ages, and in later periods. The first part of the essay focuses on the Roman bonorum cessio culo nudo super lapidem and on the medieval customary institution called pietra della vergogna (stone of shame), which originates from the Roman model. The second part of the essay analyzes the social function of the zecca and the pittima Veneziana during the Republic of Venice, and of the practice of lu soldate a castighe (no translation is possible). The author uses a functionalist approach to apply some arguments and concepts from the current context to this historical analysis of ancient institutions that we would now consider ridiculous. The article shows that the customary norms that play a crucial regulatory role in online interactions today can also be applied to the public square in the past. One of these tools is shaming. As is the case in contemporary online settings, in the public square in historic periods, shaming practices were used to enforce the rules of civility in a given community. Such practices can be seen as virtuous when they are intended for use as a tool to pursue positive change in forces entrenched in the culture, and thus to address social wrongs considered outside the reach of the law, or to address human rights abuses

    The European Experience: A Multi-Perspective History of Modern Europe, 1500–2000

    Get PDF
    The European Experience brings together the expertise of nearly a hundred historians from eight European universities to internationalise and diversify the study of modern European history, exploring a grand sweep of time from 1500 to 2000. Offering a valuable corrective to the Anglocentric narratives of previous English-language textbooks, scholars from all over Europe have pooled their knowledge on comparative themes such as identities, cultural encounters, power and citizenship, and economic development to reflect the complexity and heterogeneous nature of the European experience. Rather than another grand narrative, the international author teams offer a multifaceted and rich perspective on the history of the continent of the past 500 years. Each major theme is dissected through three chronological sub-chapters, revealing how major social, political and historical trends manifested themselves in different European settings during the early modern (1500–1800), modern (1800–1900) and contemporary period (1900–2000). This resource is of utmost relevance to today’s history students in the light of ongoing internationalisation strategies for higher education curricula, as it delivers one of the first multi-perspective and truly ‘European’ analyses of the continent’s past. Beyond the provision of historical content, this textbook equips students with the intellectual tools to interrogate prevailing accounts of European history, and enables them to seek out additional perspectives in a bid to further enrich the discipline

    In the Shape of a Paisley: An Autoethnography Study of the Gap in Iranian Immigrant Women With Government Executive Leadership Roles

    Get PDF
    This study explored the experiences of Iranian immigrant women leaders in the government sector in the Pacific Northwest. The focus of the study was to understand how their experiences of inequitable opportunities in the workplace prohibited them from attaining and advancing executive leadership roles. A qualitative autoethnography approach was used to explore how the researcher’s lived experiences denoted the career pathway trajectory for Iranian immigrant women in the government sector to capture the essence of their experiences navigating inequities along the leadership pipeline. To examine their experiences, multiracial feminism theory and representative bureaucracy theory provided a multifaceted viewpoint of Iranian immigrant women in the context of their identities concerning their leadership roles. A conceptual framework also guided this study through the lens of the “emotional tax” phenomenon on women of color in the workplace as they identified inequities in the organizations in which they worked. Finally, this study drew exclusively from the researcher’s experience, who served in a leadership position in the government sector. Through the development of supporting concepts and subthemes, four major themes emerged, including (a) Cultural Influence, (b) Powerless, (c) Empowered, and (d) Servant Leadership. These themes explained the process of leader emergence within the Iranian immigrant women community

    The concepts of a legal sanction and sanction regime : a EU blueprint for international criminal and financial law and a constitutional challenge for the EU financial sectors

    Get PDF
    Defence date: 3 April 2023Examining Board: Professor Stefan Grundmann, Humboldt University Berlin Professor Christos V. Gortsos, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Professor Hans-W. Micklitz, European University Institute Professor André Klip, Maastricht UniversityThis Thesis aims to define the concept of a legal ‘sanction’ and develop the sanction theory and principles that are connected with this definition. Part I of this Thesis therefore establishes the theoretical, constitutional and international architecture for sanctions, whereby the philosophical and traditional views on punishment from the old theoretical discussions of the justification for punishment is providing the broader context for the legal concept of sanctions; the case-law of European Court of Human Rights on Articles 6 and 7 and Article 4 of Protocol 7 to the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) is providing the main foundation for establishing the constitutional concept of sanctions by providing the architecture and principles for constructing a legal concept of sanctions; and the international standards and principles on sanctioning which the EU Member States has agreed to comply with under the Financial Sector Assessment Program, a task jointly charged on the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, is providing the international aspects on financial sanctions. The conclusions made in Part I will be applied in Part II of this Thesis, which will discuss the EU regimes of sanctions in the financial sector by first establishing the concept of ‘sanction regimes’ and determine its structures and principles. Second, the general requirements for the imposition of sanctions will then be established and discussed just as the constitutional framework will be applied in order to assess the classification of the EU financial law. Third, the specific types of EU financial sanctions will then be analysed and discussed by the application of the Engel-test and the principles establishing the constitutional concept of sanctions. Finally, the last Chapter will bring it all together and answer the research questions examined in this Thesis

    Digital Twins and Blockchain for IoT Management

    Get PDF
    We live in a data-driven world powered by sensors getting data from anywhere at any time. This advancement is possible thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT embeds common physical objects with heterogeneous sensing, actuating, and communication capabilities to collect data from the environment and people. These objects are generally known as things and exchange data with other things, entities, computational processes, and systems over the internet. Consequently, a web of devices and computational processes emerges involving billions of entities collecting, processing, and sharing data. As a result, we now have an internet of entities/things that process and produce data, an ever-growing volume that can easily exceed petabytes. Therefore, there is a need for novel management approaches to handle the previously unheard number of IoT devices, processes, and data streams. This dissertation focuses on solutions for IoT management using decentralized technologies. A massive number of IoT devices interact with software and hardware components and are owned by different people. Therefore, there is a need for decentralized management. Blockchain is a capable and promising distributed ledger technology with features to support decentralized systems with large numbers of devices. People should not have to interact with these devices or data streams directly. Therefore, there is a need to abstract access to these components. Digital twins are software artifacts that can abstract an object, a process, or a system to enable communication between the physical and digital worlds. Fog/edge computing is the alternative to the cloud to provide services with less latency. This research uses blockchain technology, digital twins, and fog/edge computing for IoT management. The systems developed in this dissertation enable configuration, self-management, zero-trust management, and data streaming view provisioning from a fog/edge layer. In this way, this massive number of things and the data they produce are managed through services distributed across nodes close to them, providing access and configuration security and privacy protection

    Patient-focused outcomes from cardiac rehabilitation: Influence of service delivery characteristics

    Get PDF
    Repeat acute coronary heart disease (CHD) events are common. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a complex secondary prevention intervention proven to reduce repeat cardiac events. However, the delivery of CR services varies substantially between contexts, influencing important patient outcomes. In this thesis, the influence of CR service delivery characteristics on patient-focused outcomes, particularly exercise capacity, exercise self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life (HRQL), as well as patient experiences was investigated. The 29-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Profile Measure version 2.0 (PROMIS-29v2) was also evaluated for use in CR settings. A series of studies were conducted to determine the effects of CR delivery on patient-focused outcomes. Patient-focused outcomes in CR were positive overall. Exercise capacity improved substantially in CR programs in the Australian cross-state audit, where more improvements were demonstrated following shorter wait times regardless of program duration/number of sessions. Multiple aspects of HRQL improved substantially from CR in the meta-analysis and in the multi-site pre-post study, regardless of delivery mode (in-person or remote). The PROMIS-29v2 demonstrated validity, reliability, and sensitivity to HRQL changes occurring in CR. A benefit evident for remote CR delivery was shorter wait times, which is balanced against lower completion rates and less improvements in exercise self-efficacy. This thesis contributes to understanding the complex influences of CR service delivery characteristics to patient-focused outcomes. Consistent improvements in important patient-focused outcomes with CR participation and the influence of CR delivery models and patient characteristics are confirmed in this thesis. A granular, multi-level evaluation of CR components, considering the wider health care and societal systems, is required in designing effective and sustainable future CR delivery models

    Drug policies in Western Europe

    Get PDF

    Developing a person centred low secure model of care for forensic populations in NSW

    Get PDF
    Systems to support individualised care and treatment of forensic mental health patients have not been a priority in Australasia when compared to more well-developed systems in the UK and Canada. Despite the available legislative provisions in Australia, the mentally ill offender population in New South Wales (NSW) is often not supported with accommodation appropriate for the levels of restriction they need as they move towards community re-entry. A significant number of patients within the NSW forensic mental health system continue to be accommodated in unnecessarily high security facilities due to a lack of low-secure facilities and supported community placements, even though the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and programs such as Housing and Accommodation Support Initiative (HASI+) have improved provision of this in recent years. This study thematically analyses interviews with clinical experts working in forensic mental health in NSW to conceptualise a new model of care to appropriately support people with mental illness who require low-secure forensic mental health services, and to consider how such a model could be implemented. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two phases. The first phase involved 23 purposively selected experienced forensic mental health clinicians - primarily nurses, doctors, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and administrators - with interest, knowledge, and experience in forensic mental health services to gain insight into issues with the current system and relevant components of a new model for low-secure forensic care in NSW

    Life cycle monitoring of composite aircraft components with structural health monitoring technologies

    Get PDF
    Life cycle monitoring could considerably improve the economy and sustainability of composite aircraft components. Knowledge about the quality of a component and its structural health allows thorough exploitation of it’s useful life and offers opportunity for optimization. Current life cycle monitoring efforts can be split in two main fields 1) process monitoring and 2) structural health monitoring with little overlap between them. This work aims to propose an integral monitoring approach, enabling entire life monitoring with the same sensor. First, the state of the art of both composite manufacturing as well as structural health monitoring technologies is presented. Piezoelectric sensors have been ruled out for further investigation due their brittleness. Fiber optical sensors and electrical property-based methods are further investigated. Distributed fiber optic sensors have been successfully used in composite manufacturing trials. Two processes were demonstrated: vacuum assisted resin transfer molding and resin infusion under flexible tooling. Due to their flexibility, optical fibers can survive the loads occurring during manufacturing and deliver valuable insights. It is shown for the first time numerically and experimentally, that fiber bed compaction levels and volume fractions can be calculated from the optical frequency shift measured by the optical fiber sensors. The same sensor was used for subsequent structural health monitoring. This proves that the gap between process monitoring and structural health monitoring can be closed with mutual benefits in both areas. The final chapter presents a novel electrical property-based sensing technique. The sensors are highly flexible and manufactured with a robot-based 3D-printing method. They are shown to reliably work as strain sensors and crack detectors. This work presents a thorough investigation of available and novel sensing technologies for process monitoring and structural health monitoring settings. The results obtained could pave the way to more efficient aircraft structures.Open Acces
    corecore