32 research outputs found
Optimal UAV Deployment for Data Collection in Deadline-based IoT Applications
The deployment of UAVs is one of the key challenges in UAV-based communications while using UAVs for IoT applications. In this article, a new scheme for energy efficient data collection with a deadline time for the Internet of things (IoT) using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is presented. We provided a new data collection method, which was set to collect IoT node data by providing an efficient deployment and mobility of multiple UAV, used to collect data from ground internet of things devices in a given deadline time. In the proposed method, data collection was done with minimum energy consumption of IoTs as well as UAVs. In order to find an optimal solution to this problem, we will first provide a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) and then we used a heuristic to solve the time complexity problem. The results obtained in the simulation results indicate the optimal performance of the proposed scheme in terms of energy consumption and the number of used UAVs
Micro air vehicles energy transportation for a wireless power transfer system
The aim of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility use of an Micro air vehicles (MAV) in order to power wirelessly an electric system, for example, a sensor network, using low-cost and open-source elements. To achieve this objective, an inductive system has been modelled and validated to power wirelessly a sensor node using a Crazyflie 2.0 as MAV. The design of the inductive system must be small and light enough to fulfil the requirements of the Crazyflie. An inductive model based on two resonant coils is presented. Several coils are defined to be tested using the most suitable resonant configuration. Measurements are performed to validate the model and to select the most suitable coil. While attempting
to minimize the weight at transmitter’s side, on the receiver side it is intended to efficiently acquire and manage the power obtained from the transmitter. In order to prove its feasibility, a temperature sensor node is used as demonstrator.
The experiment results show successfully energy transportation by MAV, and wireless power transfer for the resonant configuration, being able to completely charge the node battery and to power the temperature sensor.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Multi-UAV Data Collection Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks
In this paper, we propose a framework design for wireless sensor networks
based on multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Specifically, we aim to
minimize deployment and operational costs, with respect to budget and power
constraints. To this end, we first optimize the number and locations of cluster
heads (CHs) guaranteeing data collection from all sensors. Then, to minimize
the data collection flight time, we optimize the number and trajectories of
UAVs. Accordingly, we distinguish two trajectory approaches: 1) where a UAV
hovers exactly above the visited CH; and 2) where a UAV hovers within a range
of the CH. The results of this include guidelines for data collection design.
The characteristics of sensor nodes' K-means clustering are then discussed.
Next, we illustrate the performance of optimal and heuristic solutions for
trajectory planning. The genetic algorithm is shown to be near-optimal with
only degradation. The impacts of the trajectory approach, environment,
and UAVs' altitude are investigated. Finally, fairness of UAVs trajectories is
discussed.Comment: To be presented at 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference
(Globecom
Mobile Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Energy-Efficient Internet of Things Communications
In this paper, the efficient deployment and mobility of multiple unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAVs), used as aerial base stations to collect data from
ground Internet of Things (IoT) devices, is investigated. In particular, to
enable reliable uplink communications for IoT devices with a minimum total
transmit power, a novel framework is proposed for jointly optimizing the
three-dimensional (3D) placement and mobility of the UAVs, device-UAV
association, and uplink power control. First, given the locations of active IoT
devices at each time instant, the optimal UAVs' locations and associations are
determined. Next, to dynamically serve the IoT devices in a time-varying
network, the optimal mobility patterns of the UAVs are analyzed. To this end,
based on the activation process of the IoT devices, the time instances at which
the UAVs must update their locations are derived. Moreover, the optimal 3D
trajectory of each UAV is obtained in a way that the total energy used for the
mobility of the UAVs is minimized while serving the IoT devices. Simulation
results show that, using the proposed approach, the total transmit power of the
IoT devices is reduced by 45% compared to a case in which stationary aerial
base stations are deployed. In addition, the proposed approach can yield a
maximum of 28% enhanced system reliability compared to the stationary case. The
results also reveal an inherent tradeoff between the number of update times,
the mobility of the UAVs, and the transmit power of the IoT devices. In
essence, a higher number of updates can lead to lower transmit powers for the
IoT devices at the cost of an increased mobility for the UAVs.Comment: Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Sept. 201
Performance of Integrated IoT Network with Hybrid mmWave/FSO/THz Backhaul Link
Establishing end-to-end connectivity of Internet of Things (IoT) network with
the core for collecting sensing data from remote and hard-to-reach terrains is
a challenging task. In this article, we analyze the performance of an IoT
network integrated with wireless backhaul link for data collection. We propose
a solution that involves a self-configuring protocol for aggregate node (AN)
selection in an IoT network, which sends the data packet to an unmanned aerial
vehicle (UAV) over radio frequency (RF) channels. We adopt a novel hybrid
transmission technique for wireless backhaul employing opportunistic selections
combining (OSC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) that simultaneously transmits
the data packet on mmWave (mW), free space optical (FSO), and terahertz (THz)
technologies to take advantage of their complementary characteristics. We
employ the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol to integrate the IoT and backhaul
links and provide physical layer performance assessment using outage
probability and average bit-error-rate (BER) under diverse channel conditions.
We also develop simplified expressions to gain a better understanding of the
system's performance at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We provide computer
simulations to compare different wireless backhaul technologies under various
channel and SNR scenarios and demonstrate the performance of the data
collection using the integrated link.Comment: This work has been submitted to IEEE for possible publicatio
Efficient Deployment of Small Cell Base Stations Mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for the Internet of Things Infrastructure
In the Internet of Things networks deploying fixed infrastructure is not always the best and most economical solution. Advances in efficiency and durability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) made flying small cell base stations (BS) a promising approach by providing coverage and capacity in environments where using fixed infrastructure is not economically justified. A key challenge in covering an area with UAV-based small cell BSs is optimal positioning the UAVs to maximize the coverage and minimize the number of required UAVs. In this paper, we propose an optimization problem that helps to determine the number and position of the UAVs. Moreover, to have efficient results in a reasonable time, we propose complementary heuristic methods that effectively reduce the search space. The simulation results show that our proposed method performs better than genetic algorithms
A Survey on Mobile Charging Techniques in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks
The recent breakthrough in wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has empowered wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by facilitating stable and continuous energy supply to sensors through mobile chargers (MCs). A plethora of studies have been carried out over the last decade in this regard. However, no comprehensive survey exists to compile the state-of-the-art literature and provide insight into future research directions. To fill this gap, we put forward a detailed survey on mobile charging techniques (MCTs) in WRSNs. In particular, we first describe the network model, various WPT techniques with empirical models, system design issues and performance metrics concerning the MCTs. Next, we introduce an exhaustive taxonomy of the MCTs based on various design attributes and then review the literature by categorizing it into periodic and on-demand charging techniques. In addition, we compare the state-of-the-art MCTs in terms of objectives, constraints, solution approaches, charging options, design issues, performance metrics, evaluation methods, and limitations. Finally, we highlight some potential directions for future research
Data collection of mobile sensor networks by drones
Data collection by autonomous mobile sensor arrays can be coupled with the use of drones which provide a low-cost, easily deployable backhauling solution. These means of collection can be used to organize temporary events (sporting or cultural) or to carry out operations in difficult or hostile terrain. The aim of this thesis is to propose effective solutions for communication between both mobile sensors on the ground and on the edge-to-ground link. For this purpose, we are interested in scheduling communications, routing and access control on the sensor / drone link, the mobile collector. We propose an architecture that meets the constraints of the network. The main ones are the intermittence of the links and therefore the lack of connectivity for which solutions adapted to the networks tolerant to the deadlines are adopted. Given the limited opportunities for communication with the drone and the significant variation in the physical data rate, we proposed scheduling solutions that take account of both the contact time and the physical flow rate. Opportunistic routing is also based on these two criteria both for the selection of relay nodes and for the management of queues. We wanted to limit the overhead and propose efficient and fair solutions between mobile sensors on the ground. The proposed solutions have proved superior to conventional scheduling and routing solutions. Finally, we proposed a method of access combining a random access with contention as well as an access with reservation taking into account the aforementioned criteria. This flexible solution allows a network of dense mobile sensors to get closer to the performance obtained in an oracle mode. The proposed solutions can be implemented and applied in different application contexts for which the ground nodes are mobile or easily adapted to the case where the nodes are static