Survey: energy efficient protocols using radio scheduling in wireless sensor network

An efficient energy management scheme is crucial factor for design and implementation of any sensor network. Almost all sensor networks are structured with numerous small sized, low cost sensor devices which are scattered over the large area. To improvise the network performance by high throughput with minimum energy consumption, an energy efficient radio scheduling MAC protocol is effective solution, since MAC layer has the capability to collaborate with distributed wireless networks. The present survey study provides relevant research work towards radio scheduling mechanism in the design of energy efficient wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The various radio scheduling protocols are exist in the literature, which has some limitations. Therefore, it is require developing a new energy efficient radio scheduling protocol to perform multi tasks with minimum energy consumption (e.g. data transmission). The most of research studies paying more attention towards to enhance the overall network lifetime with the aim of using energy efficient scheduling protocol. In that context, this survey study overviews the different categories of MAC based radio scheduling protocols and those protocols are measured by evaluating their data transmission capability, energy efficiency, and network performance. With the extensive analysis of existing works, many research challenges are stated. Also provides future directions for new WSN design at the end of this survey

A Survey on Energy-Efficient Strategies in Static Wireless Sensor Networks

A comprehensive analysis on the energy-efficient strategy in static Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that are not equipped with any energy harvesting modules is conducted in this article. First, a novel generic mathematical definition of Energy Efficiency (EE) is proposed, which takes the acquisition rate of valid data, the total energy consumption, and the network lifetime of WSNs into consideration simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the EE of WSNs is mathematically defined. The energy consumption characteristics of each individual sensor node and the whole network are expounded at length. Accordingly, the concepts concerning EE, namely the Energy-Efficient Means, the Energy-Efficient Tier, and the Energy-Efficient Perspective, are proposed. Subsequently, the relevant energy-efficient strategies proposed from 2002 to 2019 are tracked and reviewed. Specifically, they respectively are classified into five categories: the Energy-Efficient Media Access Control protocol, the Mobile Node Assistance Scheme, the Energy-Efficient Clustering Scheme, the Energy-Efficient Routing Scheme, and the Compressive Sensing--based Scheme. A detailed elaboration on both of the basic principle and the evolution of them is made. Finally, further analysis on the categories is made and the related conclusion is drawn. To be specific, the interdependence among them, the relationships between each of them, and the Energy-Efficient Means, the Energy-Efficient Tier, and the Energy-Efficient Perspective are analyzed in detail. In addition, the specific applicable scenarios for each of them and the relevant statistical analysis are detailed. The proportion and the number of citations for each category are illustrated by the statistical chart. In addition, the existing opportunities and challenges facing WSNs in the context of the new computing paradigm and the feasible direction concerning EE in the future are pointed out

Contact probing mechanisms for opportunistic sensor data collection in sparse wireless sensor networks

In many emerging wireless sensor network scenarios, the use of a fixed infrastructure of base stations for data collection is either infeasible, or prohibitive in terms of deployment and maintenance costs. Instead, we consider the use of mobile devices (i.e. smartphones) carried by people in their daily life to collect data from sensor nodes opportunistically. As the movement of these mobile nodes is, by definition, not controlled for the purpose of data collection, synchronization through contact probing becomes a challenging task, particularly for sensor nodes, which need to be aggressively duty-cycled to conserve energy and achieve long lifetimes. This paper formulates this important problem, providing an analytical solution framework and systematically investigating the effective use of contact probing for opportunistic data collection. We present two new solutions, Sensor Node-Initiated Probing (SNIP) and SNIP-Rush Hours, the latter taking advantage of the temporal locality of human mobility. These schemes are evaluated using numerical analysis and COOJA network simulations, and the results are validated on a small sensor testbed and with the real-world human mobility traces from Nokia MDC Dataset. Our experimental results quantify the relative performance of alternative solutions on sensor node energy consumption and the efficacy of contact probing for data collection, allowing us to offer insights on this important emerging problem

Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these field

Development of Aerial-Ground Sensing Network: Architecture, Sensor Activation, and Spatial Path-Energy Optimization

Title from PDF of title page viewed May 13, 2019Dissertation advisor: ZhiQiang ChenVitaIncludes bibliographical references (pages 101-110)Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2019The advent of autonomous navigation, positioning, and in general robotics technologies has enabled the maturity of small to miniature-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs; or colloquially called drones) and their wide use in engineering practice as a low-cost and effective geospatial remote sensing solution. Meanwhile, wireless sensing network technology (WSN) has also matured in recent years with many applications found in engineering practice. In this dissertation, a novel aerial ground wireless sensing network (AG-WSN) is developed, which is expected to transform a number of critical geospatial sensing and monitoring practices, such as precision agriculture, civil infrastructure protection, and disaster response. Towards the maximal energy efficiency, three research problems are concerned in this dissertation. First, a radio-frequency (RF) wake-up mechanism is investigated for aerial activation of ground sensors using a UAV platform. Second, the data transmission under wireless interference between the UAV and ground WSN is experimentally investigated, which suggests practical relations and parameters for aerial-ground communication configuration. Last, this dissertation theoretically explores and develops an optimization framework for UAV's aerial path planning when collecting ground-sensor data. An improved mixed-integer non-linear programming approach is proposed for solving the optimal spatial path-energy using the framework of the traveling-salesman problem with neighborhoods.Introduction -- Development of radio-frequency sensor wake-up through UAV as an aerial gateway -- Experimental investigation of aerial-ground network communication towards geospatially large-scale structural health monitoring -- Spatial path-energy optimization for tactic unmanned aerial vehicles operation in aerial-ground networking -- Conclusion and future wor

Wireless Sensor Networks

The aim of this book is to present few important issues of WSNs, from the application, design and technology points of view. The book highlights power efficient design issues related to wireless sensor networks, the existing WSN applications, and discusses the research efforts being undertaken in this field which put the reader in good pace to be able to understand more advanced research and make a contribution in this field for themselves. It is believed that this book serves as a comprehensive reference for graduate and undergraduate senior students who seek to learn latest development in wireless sensor networks

Emerging Communications for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are deployed in a rapidly increasing number of arenas, with uses ranging from healthcare monitoring to industrial and environmental safety, as well as new ubiquitous computing devices that are becoming ever more pervasive in our interconnected society. This book presents a range of exciting developments in software communication technologies including some novel applications, such as in high altitude systems, ground heat exchangers and body sensor networks. Authors from leading institutions on four continents present their latest findings in the spirit of exchanging information and stimulating discussion in the WSN community worldwide

Cross-layer energy-efficient schemes for multimedia content delivery in heterogeneous wireless networks

The wireless communication technology has been developed focusing on fulfilling the demand in various parts of human life. In many real-life cases, this demand directs to most types of commonly-used rich-media applications which – with diverse traffic patterns - often require high quality levels on the devices of wireless network users. Deliveries of applications with different patterns are accomplished using heterogeneous wireless networks using multiple types of wireless network structure simultaneously. Meanwhile, content deliveries with assuring quality involve increased energy consumption on wireless network devices and highly challenge their limited power resources. As a result, many efforts have been invested aiming at high-quality and energy-efficient rich-media content deliveries in the past years. The research work presented in the thesis focuses on developing energy-aware content delivery schemes in heterogeneous wireless networks. This thesis has four major contributions outlined below: 1. An energy-aware mesh router duty cycle management scheme (AOC-MAC) for high-quality video deliveries over wireless mesh networks. AOC-MAC manages the sleep-periods of mesh devices based on link-state communication condition, reducing their energy consumption by extending their sleep-periods. 2. An energy efficient routing algorithm (E-Mesh) for high-quality video deliveries over wireless mesh networks. E-Mesh evolves an innovative energy-aware OLSR-based routing algorithm by taking energy consumption, router position and network load into consideration. 3. An energy-aware multi-flow-based traffic load balancing scheme (eMTCP) for multi-path content delivery over heterogeneous wireless networks. The scheme makes use of the MPTCP protocol at the upper transport layer of network, allowing data streams to be delivered across multiple consequent paths. Meanwhile, this benefit of MPTCP is also balanced with energy consumption awareness by partially off-loading traffic from the paths with higher energy cost to others. 4. A MPTCP-based traffic-characteristic-aware load balancing mechanism (eMTCP-BT) for heterogeneous wireless networks. In eMTCP-BT, mobile applications are categorized according to burstiness level. eMTCP-BT increases the energy efficiency of the application content deliveries by performing a MDP-based distribution of traffic delivery via the available wireless network interfaces and paths based on the traffic burstiness level