1,096 research outputs found
Traffic Engineering in G-MPLS networks with QoS guarantees
In this paper a new Traffic Engineering (TE) scheme to efficiently route sub-wavelength requests with different QoS requirements is proposed for G-MPLS networks. In most previous studies on TE based on dynamic traffic grooming, the objectives were to minimize the rejection probability by respecting the constraints of the optical node architecture, but without considering service differentiation. In practice, some high-priority (HP) connections can instead be characterized by specific constraints on the maximum tolerable end-to-end delay and packet-loss ratio. The proposed solution consists of a distributed two-stage scheme: each time a new request arrives, an on-line dynamic grooming scheme finds a route which fulfills the QoS requirements. If a HP request is blocked at the ingress router, a preemption algorithm is executed locally in order to create room for this traffic. The proposed preemption mechanism minimizes the network disruption, both in term of number of rerouted low-priority connections and new set-up lightpaths, and the signaling complexity. Extensive simulation experiments are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme
Layering as Optimization Decomposition: Questions and Answers
Network protocols in layered architectures have historically been obtained on an ad-hoc basis, and much of the recent cross-layer designs are conducted through piecemeal approaches. Network protocols may instead be holistically analyzed and systematically designed as distributed solutions to some global optimization problems in the form of generalized Network Utility Maximization (NUM), providing insight on what they optimize and on the structures of network protocol stacks. In the form of 10 Questions and Answers, this paper presents a short survey of the recent efforts towards a systematic understanding of "layering" as "optimization decomposition". The overall communication network is modeled by a generalized NUM problem, each layer corresponds to a decomposed subproblem, and the interfaces among layers are quantified as functions of the optimization variables coordinating the subproblems. Furthermore, there are many alternative decompositions, each leading to a different layering architecture. Industry adoption of this unifying framework has also started. Here we summarize the current status of horizontal decomposition into distributed computation and vertical decomposition into functional modules such as congestion control, routing, scheduling, random access, power control, and coding. We also discuss under-explored future research directions in this area. More importantly than proposing any particular crosslayer design, this framework is working towards a mathematical foundation of network architectures and the design process of modularization
On the impact of heterogeneity and back-end scheduling in load balancing designs
Load balancing is a common approach for task
assignment in distributed architectures. In this paper, we show
that the degree of inefficiency in load balancing designs is highly
dependent on the scheduling discipline used at each of the backend
servers. Traditionally, the back-end scheduler can be modeled
as Processor Sharing (PS), in which case the degree of inefficiency
grows linearly with the number of servers. However, if the back-end
scheduler is changed to Shortest Remaining Processing Time
(SRPT), the degree of inefficiency can be independent of the
number of servers, instead depending only on the heterogeneity
of the speeds of the servers. Further, switching the back-end
scheduler to SRPT can provide significant improvements in
the overall mean response time of the system as long as the
heterogeneity of the server speeds is small
Porting Decision Tree Algorithms to Multicore using FastFlow
The whole computer hardware industry embraced multicores. For these machines,
the extreme optimisation of sequential algorithms is no longer sufficient to
squeeze the real machine power, which can be only exploited via thread-level
parallelism. Decision tree algorithms exhibit natural concurrency that makes
them suitable to be parallelised. This paper presents an approach for
easy-yet-efficient porting of an implementation of the C4.5 algorithm on
multicores. The parallel porting requires minimal changes to the original
sequential code, and it is able to exploit up to 7X speedup on an Intel
dual-quad core machine.Comment: 18 pages + cove
Modelling adaptive routing in Wide Area Networks
Bibliography: leaves 132-138.This study investigates the modelling of adative routing algorithms with specific reference to the algorithm of an existing Wide Area Network (WAN). Packets in the network are routed at each node on the basis of routing tables which contain internal and external delays for each route from the node. The internal delay on a route represents the time that packets queued for transmission will have to wait before being transmitted, while the external delay on a route represents the delay to other nodes via that route. Several modelling methods are investigated and compared for the purpose of identifying the most appropriate and applicable technique. A model of routing in the WAN using an analytic technique is described. The hypothesis of this study is that dynamic routing can be modelled as a sequence of models exhibiting fixed routing. The modelling rationale is that a series of analytic models is run and solved. The routing algorithm of the WAN studied is such that, if viewed at any time instant, the network is one with static routing and no buffer overflow. This characteristic, together with a real time modelling requirement, influences the modelling technique which is applied. Each model represents a routing update interval and a multiclass open queueing network is used to solve the model during a particular interval. Descriptions of the design and implementation of X wan, an X Window based modelling system, are provided. A feature of the modelling system is that it provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI), allowing interactive network specification and the direct observation of network routing through the medium of this interface. Various applications of the modelling system are presented, and overall network behaviour is examined. Experimentation with the routing algorithm is conducted, and (tentative) recommendations are made on ways in which network performance could be improved. A different routing algorithm is also implemented, for the purpose of comparison and to demonstrate the ease with which this can be affected
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