833 research outputs found

    Efficiency Enhancement of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives by on-Line Loss Minimization Approaches

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    In this paper, a new loss minimization control algorithm for inverter-fed permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), which allows for the reduction of the power losses of the electric drive without penalty on its dynamic performance, is analyzed, experimentally realized, and validated. In particular, after a brief recounting of two loss minimization control strategies, namely, the "search control" and the "loss-model control," both a new modified dynamic model of the PMSM (which takes into account the iron losses) and an innovative "loss-model" control strategy are presented. Experimental tests on a specific PMSM drive employing the proposed loss minimization algorithm have been performed, aiming to validate the actual implementation. The main results of these tests confirm that the dynamic performance of the drive is maintained, and in small motors enhancement up to 3.5% of the efficiency can be reached in comparison with the PMSM drive equipped with a more traditional control strategy

    Characterization of the parameters of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors for a loss model algorithm

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    The paper provides the results of a detailed experimental study on the variations of the characteristics of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, when load, speed and/or magnetization conditions vary. In particular, the characterization is carried out by assessing, for several working conditions, the motor parameters that influence its efficiency. From the knowledge of the variability of these parameters, it is possible to develop a dynamic model of the motor, which accurately describes its behaviour and allows estimating the power losses for whatever speed and load. In order to validate the model, the values of the power losses obtained by using the model are compared with the values measured with experimental tests. The study shows that it is possible to maximize the motor efficiency just acting on the direct axis current component and, therefore, it can be considered a first step towards the definition of a loss model algorithm for a control drive system able to minimize in real-time the power losses of the motor

    Comparison of three control drive systems for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors

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    In a previous paper, we proposed a control strategy for interior permanent synchronous motors, which takes into account also the reduction of the motor power losses. The novelty of the suggested approach is that it takes into consideration the variations of all the motor parameters that have an influence on its efficiency. In order to verifyon the field the effectiveness of this new method, we implemented the proposed loss model algorithm in a control drive system and compared its performances, in terms of energy losses with respect to other conventional techniques

    EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION OF AN OPENLOOP CONTROLLED PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE USING ADAPTIVE NEURAL NETWORKS

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    When a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is utilized for applications where high dynamic performance is not a requirement, a simple open loop control strategy can be used to control them. PMSMs however are prone to instability when operated open loop in a variable speed drive, particularly at mid-frequencies/speeds. This paper presents an open-loop control strategy based on a direct adaptive neural network controller is developed for efficiency optimization of open-loop controlled PMSM drive. Stability constraints of the drive system which was previously reported are used to maintain both stable and highly efficient operation of the drive system. The adopted neural network can be viewed as a method for nonlinear adaptive system identification, relying on pattern recognition of stability limits and maximum obtainable efficiency. Results from computer simulation show that a stable and highly efficient operation can be maintained for the drive system under study irrespective of load and supply variations. The obtained results are also found in correlation with previously reported experiments and observations

    Maximum Torque per Ampere Control of Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor: An Experimental Study

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    In recent times, permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMaSRM) have been considered as suitable traction motors for electric vehicle applications. In this type of machine, where the share of reluctance torque is more significant than the excitation torque, it is more appropriate to use a control strategy that can fully utilize the reluctance torque. This paper deals with a new structure of permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motors that was designed and manufactured in a previous study. This paper suggests applying, in a first study, a constant parameter maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy to make a contribution towards the control of such structure that is becoming increasingly attractive in the field of electric transportation. This method is usually used to control interior permanent magnet synchronous motors to minimize the copper losses of the system. Before implementing and simulating this method, the mathematical models of the suggested motor and the inverter are given. An experimental study is conducted on a small-scale 1 kW prototype PMaSRM using a MicrolabBox Dspace to test and examine the proposed control. Simulation and experimental results are presented in this article in order to verify the validity of the developed control strategy

    Optimisation de la Conception du Moteur Synchrone à Excitation Hybride pour Véhicules Électriques à Haut Performance

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    Since 1970, the ever-growing concerns of human community for the life-threatening environmental changes have pushed the policy makers to decarbonize those sectors with high energy demands, including the transportation industry. Optimal designs of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can contribute to today’s exigent car market, and take the leading role for future sustainable transportation of human and goods. At the heart of electromechanical energy conversion lays the electrical machines, which have attracted lots of interests and efforts for efficiency increase and cost reduction. In this thesis, a methodology is proposed and implemented to design and optimize the cost and efficiency of a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine (HESM) for a given vehicle and a desired driving cycle. Hybridization in the excitation system can combine the favorable qualities of high-torque at low-speed with superior overloading capability, exceptional flux weakening and extended Constant Power Speed Range (CPSR), high efficiency, and flexible controllability in motoring and generation modes. With HESM technology, we can also shift from the rare-earth magnets towards the cheap ferrite magnets and guaranty the supply for motor industry. The designed HESM in this work responds to three requirements of the vehicle, namely, the maximum cruising speed, acceleration time, and gradeability, with the least or null overdesign in the drivetrain. At the same time, it will have the maximum global efficiency over the driving cycle, and the minimum cost for the material. The optimization is conducted at either of the component and system levels. The optimization at component-level is developed based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). A new formulation for the objective functions is proposed, which deals with the design optimization and cost minimization, simultaneously. To maximize the efficiency, a system-level search is conducted to find the optimum HESM with the highest global efficiency over a given driving cycle. Due to the 3D direction of magnetic flux in the selected HESM topology, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was very time- and process-consuming. To be able to evaluate the objective functions during the optimization, a new model has been developed based on a 3D Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) network. This model predicts well the non-linearity of magnetic materials, as compared with the FEA simulations. At last, the final optimized HESM is evaluated by the virtue of FEA technique.Depuis 1970, les préoccupations de l’humanité envers les changements climatiques ont poussé les chercheurs à faire des études approfondies pour optimiser les machines électriques pour avoir des véhicules électriques plus performants et moins énergivores. La conception optimale de véhicules électriques (EV) peut contribuer pour un marché automobile plus exigeant et jouer un rôle principal pour le futur du transport durable des biens et des personnes. Les machines électriques se trouvent au cœur de la conversion d'énergie électromécanique, qui ont suscité beaucoup d'intérêts et d’efforts pour augmenter leur rendement et réduire leur coût. Cette thèse propose une méthodologie et une mise en œuvre pour minimiser le coût et maximiser l’efficacité d’une machine synchrone à excitation hybride (HESM) pour un véhicule donné et un cycle de conduite sélectionné. L'hybridation du système d’excitation peut combiner les qualités favorables comme un couple élevé à basse vitesse avec une capacité de surcharge supérieure, un défluxage exceptionnelle et une plage de vitesse prolongée de puissance constante (CPSR), une efficacité élevée et une contrôlabilité flexible dans les modes de traction et de freinage régénératif. Avec la technologie HESM, nous pouvons également passer des aimants de terres rares aux aimants en ferrite bon marché, et garantir l’approvisionnement pour l’industrie automobile. Le HESM conçu dans ce travail répond à trois exigences du véhicule : la vitesse de croisière maximale, le temps d’accélération et la capacité de monter une pente, avec un surdimensionnement minimal ou nulle de la chaîne de traction. Une optimisation multiniveau avec une interaction entre la vision composant et la vision système est proposée et validée. L’optimisation au niveau du composant est développée sur la base de l’algorithme génétique de tri non dominé (NSGA-II). Une nouvelle formulation pour les fonctions objectives est proposée pour l’optimisation simultanée de la conception de la machine et de la minimisation de son coût. Après avoir optimisés onze HESM au niveau du composant, pour maximiser l’efficacité, une optimisation au niveau du système est réalisée pour trouver le HESM optimal avec le plus haut rendement global sur le cycle de conduite donné. Une validation de la conception finale de la HESM présente un meilleur rendement global sur le cycle de conduite de 18,65% en relation à une machine synchrone à excitation séparée équivalente et 15,8% en relation à une à aiment permanent. En raison de la direction 3D du flux magnétique dans la topologie HESM sélectionnée, l’analyse par éléments finis (FEA) prenait beaucoup de temps et de ressources computationnelles. Afin d’évaluer les fonctions objectives lors de l’optimisation, un nouveau modèle a été développé basé sur un réseau de circuits magnétiques équivalents 3D (MEC). Ce modèle prédit bien la non-linéarité des matériaux magnétiques, par rapport aux simulations FEA. Enfin, le HESM optimisé final est évalué grâce à la technique FEA

    Online loss minimization based direct torque and flux control of IPMSM drive

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    With the advent of high energy rare earth magnetic material such as, third generation neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB), permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is becoming more and more popular in high power industrial applications (e.g., high-speed railway) due to its advantageous features such as high energy density, stable parameters, high power factor, low noise and high efficiency as compared to the conventional ac motors. Over the years, vector control and direct torque and flux control (DTFC) techniques have been used for high performance motor drives. But, the DTFC is faster than that of conventional vector control as the DTFC scheme doesn't need any coordinate transformation, pulse width modulation (PWM) and current regulators. The DTFC utilizes hysteresis band comparators for both flux and torque controls. Most of the past researches on DTFC based motor drives mainly concentrated on the development of the inverter control algorithm with less torque ripple as it is the major drawback of DTFC. The torque reference value is obtained online based on motor speed error between actual and reference values through a speed controller. Traditionally, researchers chose a constant value of air-gap flux reference based on trial and error method which may not be acceptable for high performance drives as the air-gap flux changes with operating conditions and system disturbance. Efficient high performance drives require fast and accurate speed response to cope with disturbances and algorithm to minimize motor losses. However, if the reference air-gap flux is maintained constant it is not possible to control the motor losses. Therefore, this thesis presents a novel loss minimization based DTFC scheme for interior type PMSM drive so that the drive system can maintain both high efficiency and high dynamic performance. An online model based loss minimization algorithm (LMA) is developed to estimate the air-gap flux so that the motor operates at minimum loss condition while taking the general advantages of DTFC over conventional vector control. The performance the proposed LMA based DTFC for PMSM drive is tested in both simulation and real-time implementation at different operating conditions. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed flux observer based DTFC scheme for PMSM drive

    Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine

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    Optimal performance of the electric machine/drive system is mandatory to improve the energy consumption and reliability. To achieve this goal, mathematical models of the electric machine/drive system are necessary. Hence, this motivated the editors to instigate the Special Issue “Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine”, aiming to collect novel publications that push the state-of-the art towards optimal performance for the electric machine/drive system. Seventeen papers have been published in this Special Issue. The published papers focus on several aspects of the electric machine/drive system with respect to the mathematical modelling. Novel optimization methods, control approaches, and comparative analysis for electric drive system based on various electric machines were discussed in the published papers

    Loss Minimization Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Electric Vehicle Applications

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    With the limits of power source taken into consideration, the efficiency of the traction drive is of particular importance in the engineering of electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (EV/PHEV). Thanks to its high power density, high efficiency and high torque to weight ratio, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) distinguishes itself from other traction system candidates in the EV/PHEV application market. This research sets out to explore how the control strategy of PMSM can be optimized so as to achieve a better efficiency performance of EV/PHEV. Prior research has put forth Loss Minimization Control Strategy (LMC) and developed its algorithm by considering a certain operating point. The focus has been placed on how to approximately solve the optimal current reference from a high order expression. So far, very limited effort has been made toward a generalized form of LMC algorithm over the full machine operation region, i.e. constant torque and constant power region. In this thesis, a generalized relationship between d-q current for the LMC of PMSM is presented, and maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) can be derived as special cases of LMC. The proposed control strategy shows better response and enhancement of the machine efficiency over full speed range when compared to conventional control strategies. In order to develop the control method, the machine operation principle is discussed first, and the machine model is built for the control purpose. Then based on the analysis of PMSM operation performance with voltage and current constrains, the boundary of the machine operating is defined. In the light of literature review, the LMC is derived from the equivalent model of PMSM by considering the core loss. And the performance of the LMC is analyzed in detail for both constant torque and constant power region. In addition, the effects of parameters variation are investigated. Thus the control strategy is improved by considering full speed range. A Simulink model of PMSM with core loss taken into consider is developed to test the proposed control method. The experiment is performed on a lab surface-mounted PMSM. The experiment results are found to be consistent with simulation results
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