5,678 research outputs found

    American Literatures After 1865

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    This work was created as part of the University Libraries’ Open Educational Resources Initiative at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. A web version of this text can be found at https://umsystem.pressbooks.pub/ala1865/. This book is an anthology of American Literatures After 1865, a new revision of the open educational resource entitled Writing the Nation: A Concise Introduction to American Literature 1865 to Present. It contains works that have been newly introduced to the public domain and provides direct links to reading materials that can be borrowed for free from Archive.org

    Anime Studies: media-specific approaches to neon genesis evangelion

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    Anime Studies: Media-Specific Approaches to Neon Genesis Evangelion aims at advancing the study of anime, understood as largely TV-based genre fiction rendered in cel, or cel-look, animation with a strong affinity to participatory cultures and media convergence. Making Neon Genesis Evangelion (Shin Seiki Evangerion, 1995-96) its central case and nodal point, this volumen forground anime as a media with clearly recognizable aesthetic properties, (sub)cultural affordances and situated discourses

    Automatic Normalization of Temporal Expressions

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    Dates, periods and timespans are described in archaeological datasets using a number of different textual patterns for which myriad variations exist, rendering direct automated comparison difficult. The issue can occur even within records from the same dataset and is further compounded when attempting to integrate multilingual data – particularly where dates may be expressed in words rather than numbers. The same problem can be found in temporal metadata, whether manually entered or generated via Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques from reports and grey literature. Resolving and normalizing dates and periods to internationally agreed standard formats enables efficient data integration, interchange, search, comparison and visualization. This paper reports on the design and implementation of a tool to normalize temporal expressions to a numerical time axis and reflects on key issues. Textual patterns for seven categories of temporal expression have been normalized: Ordinal named or numbered centuries; Year spans; Single year (with tolerance); Decades; Century spans; Single year with prefix; Named periods. The following languages are currently supported: Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, Welsh. Methods are described together with an (open source) normalization tool developed in Python and four applications of the method are discussed, together with limitations and future work. Results are presented from diverse data sets and languages. The input is a temporal text string and a language code (ISO639-1). The output is a tab delimited text file with start/end years (in ISO 8601 format), relative to Common Era (CE). The normalized outputs are provided as additional attributes along with the original text expression for consuming software to employ in end-user applications

    “Corpses in the Grass”: strategic culture and combat effectiveness in the Pacific War; a case study of the U.S. Seventh Infantry Division

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    Rather than accepting the premise that American industrial capacity and the sheer quantitative advantage that it produced were the only reasons that the U.S. was able to prevail over its qualitatively superior foes during the Second World War, I will demonstrate through the four different Pacific theater campaigns of the 7th Infantry Division the decisive importance of willpower and the less explored influence of strategic culture on the outcome of the war. I will challenge the theory of the supposedly inexorable triumph of American military mass as opposed to its superior combat effectiveness through a case study exploring the performance of the 7th U.S. Infantry Division in the Pacific. This case study contains two principal elements: the first is an analysis of the battles of Attu, Kwajalein, Leyte, and Okinawa and the second is a comparison of the strategic/tactical cultures of Japan and the United States and how they contributed to and influenced the relative combat effectiveness of the opposing forces. My hypothesis is that the 7th Division was comparatively more combat-efficient than its Japanese opponents because of an American “tactical culture” characterized by superior leadership that embodied adaptability and flexibility, informed by continuous learning that resulted in realistic training and highly effective tactical performance. The inspiration for this thesis began with the author’s Master of Arts dissertation, “Hell in the Mist: The Seventh Infantry Division and the Battle of Attu” completed for Southern New Hampshire University in 2015. Significant portions of this thesis borrow from and incorporate elements of that study. By extending the combat effectiveness debate from the European theater to the Pacific theater, I challenge the deterministic assumptions made by other historians about American industrial superiority over Japan by taking a cultural approach to provide new possible explanations of historical events. In this way, the competing hypotheses of how and why one force was more combat effective can be further explored. I will contrast and compare the American and Japanese strategic, operational, tactical, and human dimensions of the Pacific War

    LASSO – an observatorium for the dynamic selection, analysis and comparison of software

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    Mining software repositories at the scale of 'big code' (i.e., big data) is a challenging activity. As well as finding a suitable software corpus and making it programmatically accessible through an index or database, researchers and practitioners have to establish an efficient analysis infrastructure and precisely define the metrics and data extraction approaches to be applied. Moreover, for analysis results to be generalisable, these tasks have to be applied at a large enough scale to have statistical significance, and if they are to be repeatable, the artefacts need to be carefully maintained and curated over time. Today, however, a lot of this work is still performed by human beings on a case-by-case basis, with the level of effort involved often having a significant negative impact on the generalisability and repeatability of studies, and thus on their overall scientific value. The general purpose, 'code mining' repositories and infrastructures that have emerged in recent years represent a significant step forward because they automate many software mining tasks at an ultra-large scale and allow researchers and practitioners to focus on defining the questions they would like to explore at an abstract level. However, they are currently limited to static analysis and data extraction techniques, and thus cannot support (i.e., help automate) any studies which involve the execution of software systems. This includes experimental validations of techniques and tools that hypothesise about the behaviour (i.e., semantics) of software, or data analysis and extraction techniques that aim to measure dynamic properties of software. In this thesis a platform called LASSO (Large-Scale Software Observatorium) is introduced that overcomes this limitation by automating the collection of dynamic (i.e., execution-based) information about software alongside static information. It features a single, ultra-large scale corpus of executable software systems created by amalgamating existing Open Source software repositories and a dedicated DSL for defining abstract selection and analysis pipelines. Its key innovations are integrated capabilities for searching for selecting software systems based on their exhibited behaviour and an 'arena' that allows their responses to software tests to be compared in a purely data-driven way. We call the platform a 'software observatorium' since it is a place where the behaviour of large numbers of software systems can be observed, analysed and compared

    Vielfalt und Integration - diversitĂĄ ed integrazione - diversitĂ© et intĂ©gration: Sprache(n) in sozialen und digitalen RĂ€umen: Eine Festschrift fĂŒr Elisabeth Burr

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    Diese Festschrift fĂŒr Elisabeth Burr stellt Vielfalt und Integration in der Sprachwissenschaft und in den Digital Humanities in den Mittelpunkt. Die BeitrĂ€ge berĂŒhren zentrale Fragen im Schaffen Burrs: Wie kann Sprache und ihre Variation in AbhĂ€ngigkeit von sozialen und geographischen Faktoren adĂ€quat beschrieben werden? Wie lassen sich informatische und digitale ZugĂ€nge dafĂŒr nutzen? VerknĂŒpft werden sie mit ihr wichtigen und aktuellen Themen aus Sozio-, Gender- und Korpuslinguistik, Dialektologie und Sprachgeographie sowie den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften. Die Beitragenden sind u. a. Stefania Spina, Thomas Krefeld, Annette Gerstenberg, Lazslo Hinyadi, Carol Chiodo und Lauren Tilton, Manuel Burghardt, Øyvind Eide, JĂŒrgen Hermes, Andreas Witt. Ray Siemens, Arianna Ciula, Alejandro BĂ­a sowie Rob Evans

    Music, Mood and Attunement in the Early Novels of Samuel Beckett

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    This thesis investigates the connections between music, mood and notions of ‘attunement’ in Samuel Beckett’s early novels Murphy and Watt. It considers the intersection between ideas of music in these novels and their philosophical underpinnings, focusing specifically on the concept of melancholia. Throughout western history, melancholia has been associated with intellectual or artistic inspiration. This thesis argues that Beckett’s recourse to ideas of music in his early work draws on and critiques this aspect of the cultural configuration of melancholia. Part One considers the use of music and tuning in Murphy. It argues that Beckett’s musical references animate the (often comic) exploration of the nature and limits of different forms of knowledge in relation to the insights produced by the melancholic disposition. In doing so, Part One draws out the implications of Beckett’s creative engagement with key literary, philosophical and musical sources – especially Burton’s The Anatomy of Melancholy, the musical theories of Jean-Phillipe Rameau, and the technicalities of musical tuning in Pythagorean philosophy, subsequently reworked by Schopenhauer. Broadening the exploration of ideas of tuning, Part Two addresses how the idea of ‘attunement’ (which is encompassed by Heidegger’s term ‘Stimmung’, denoting one’s orientation to the world through mood) brings into view the affective quality of Watt. It considers the text in relation to the epistemic feeling states associated with melancholia and demonstrates how Beckett draws on and critiques intersecting musical and philosophical discourses of ‘harmony’ – especially in the work of Leibniz – so as to explore alternative conceptions of attunement rooted in embodiment. As such, Part Two of this thesis attempts to reconfigure our understanding of the way in which Beckett’s work can be understood as musical. Overall, by exploring the epistemic affective states associated with music and melancholia in Beckett’s early novels, this thesis contributes to a wider understanding of the role played by music in modernist literature
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