3,882 research outputs found
Searching digital music libraries
There has been a recent explosion of interest in digital music libraries. In particular, interactive melody retrieval is a striking example of a search paradigm that differs radically from the standard full-text search. Many different techniques have been proposed for melody matching, but the area lacks standard databases that allow them to be compared on common grounds––and copyright issues have stymied attempts to develop such a corpus. This paper focuses on methods for evaluating different symbolic music matching strategies, and describes a series of experiments that compare and contrast results obtained using three dominant paradigms. Combining two of these paradigms yields a hybrid approach which is shown to have the best overall combination of efficiency and effectiveness
Towards an All-Purpose Content-Based Multimedia Information Retrieval System
The growth of multimedia collections - in terms of size, heterogeneity, and
variety of media types - necessitates systems that are able to conjointly deal
with several forms of media, especially when it comes to searching for
particular objects. However, existing retrieval systems are organized in silos
and treat different media types separately. As a consequence, retrieval across
media types is either not supported at all or subject to major limitations. In
this paper, we present vitrivr, a content-based multimedia information
retrieval stack. As opposed to the keyword search approach implemented by most
media management systems, vitrivr makes direct use of the object's content to
facilitate different types of similarity search, such as Query-by-Example or
Query-by-Sketch, for and, most importantly, across different media types -
namely, images, audio, videos, and 3D models. Furthermore, we introduce a new
web-based user interface that enables easy-to-use, multimodal retrieval from
and browsing in mixed media collections. The effectiveness of vitrivr is shown
on the basis of a user study that involves different query and media types. To
the best of our knowledge, the full vitrivr stack is unique in that it is the
first multimedia retrieval system that seamlessly integrates support for four
different types of media. As such, it paves the way towards an all-purpose,
content-based multimedia information retrieval system
Progressive Filtering Using Multiresolution Histograms for Query by Humming System
The rising availability of digital music stipulates effective categorization
and retrieval methods. Real world scenarios are characterized by mammoth music
collections through pertinent and non-pertinent songs with reference to the
user input. The primary goal of the research work is to counter balance the
perilous impact of non-relevant songs through Progressive Filtering (PF) for
Query by Humming (QBH) system. PF is a technique of problem solving through
reduced space. This paper presents the concept of PF and its efficient design
based on Multi-Resolution Histograms (MRH) to accomplish searching in
manifolds. Initially the entire music database is searched to obtain high
recall rate and narrowed search space. Later steps accomplish slow search in
the reduced periphery and achieve additional accuracy.
Experimentation on large music database using recursive programming
substantiates the potential of the method. The outcome of proposed strategy
glimpses that MRH effectively locate the patterns. Distances of MRH at lower
level are the lower bounds of the distances at higher level, which guarantees
evasion of false dismissals during PF. In due course, proposed method helps to
strike a balance between efficiency and effectiveness. The system is scalable
for large music retrieval systems and also data driven for performance
optimization as an added advantage.Comment: 12 Pages, 6 Figures, Full version of the paper published at
ICMCCA-2012 with the same title,
Link:http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-81-322-1143-3_2
Computer-aided Melody Note Transcription Using the Tony Software: Accuracy and Efficiency
accepteddate-added: 2015-05-24 19:18:46 +0000 date-modified: 2017-12-28 10:36:36 +0000 keywords: Tony, melody, note, transcription, open source software bdsk-url-1: https://code.soundsoftware.ac.uk/attachments/download/1423/tony-paper_preprint.pdfdate-added: 2015-05-24 19:18:46 +0000 date-modified: 2017-12-28 10:36:36 +0000 keywords: Tony, melody, note, transcription, open source software bdsk-url-1: https://code.soundsoftware.ac.uk/attachments/download/1423/tony-paper_preprint.pdfWe present Tony, a software tool for the interactive an- notation of melodies from monophonic audio recordings, and evaluate its usability and the accuracy of its note extraction method. The scientific study of acoustic performances of melodies, whether sung or played, requires the accurate transcription of notes and pitches. To achieve the desired transcription accuracy for a particular application, researchers manually correct results obtained by automatic methods. Tony is an interactive tool directly aimed at making this correction task efficient. It provides (a) state-of-the art algorithms for pitch and note estimation, (b) visual and auditory feedback for easy error-spotting, (c) an intelligent graphical user interface through which the user can rapidly correct estimation errors, (d) extensive export functions enabling further processing in other applications. We show that Tony’s built in automatic note transcription method compares favourably with existing tools. We report how long it takes to annotate recordings on a set of 96 solo vocal recordings and study the effect of piece, the number of edits made and the annotator’s increasing mastery of the software. Tony is Open Source software, with source code and compiled binaries for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux available from https://code.soundsoftware.ac.uk/projects/tony/
Deep Learning Techniques for Music Generation -- A Survey
This paper is a survey and an analysis of different ways of using deep
learning (deep artificial neural networks) to generate musical content. We
propose a methodology based on five dimensions for our analysis:
Objective - What musical content is to be generated? Examples are: melody,
polyphony, accompaniment or counterpoint. - For what destination and for what
use? To be performed by a human(s) (in the case of a musical score), or by a
machine (in the case of an audio file).
Representation - What are the concepts to be manipulated? Examples are:
waveform, spectrogram, note, chord, meter and beat. - What format is to be
used? Examples are: MIDI, piano roll or text. - How will the representation be
encoded? Examples are: scalar, one-hot or many-hot.
Architecture - What type(s) of deep neural network is (are) to be used?
Examples are: feedforward network, recurrent network, autoencoder or generative
adversarial networks.
Challenge - What are the limitations and open challenges? Examples are:
variability, interactivity and creativity.
Strategy - How do we model and control the process of generation? Examples
are: single-step feedforward, iterative feedforward, sampling or input
manipulation.
For each dimension, we conduct a comparative analysis of various models and
techniques and we propose some tentative multidimensional typology. This
typology is bottom-up, based on the analysis of many existing deep-learning
based systems for music generation selected from the relevant literature. These
systems are described and are used to exemplify the various choices of
objective, representation, architecture, challenge and strategy. The last
section includes some discussion and some prospects.Comment: 209 pages. This paper is a simplified version of the book: J.-P.
Briot, G. Hadjeres and F.-D. Pachet, Deep Learning Techniques for Music
Generation, Computational Synthesis and Creative Systems, Springer, 201
Music Retrieval System Using Query-by-Humming
Music Information Retrieval (MIR) is a particular research area of great interest because there are various strategies to retrieve music. To retrieve music, it is important to find a similarity between the input query and the matching music. Several solutions have been proposed that are currently being used in the application domain(s) such as Query- by-Example (QBE) which takes a sample of an audio recording playing in the background and retrieves the result. However, there is no efficient approach to solve this problem in a Query-by-Humming (QBH) application. In a Query-by-Humming application, the aim is to retrieve music that is most similar to the hummed query in an efficient manner. In this paper, I shall discuss the different music information retrieval techniques and their system architectures. Moreover, I will discuss the Query-by-Humming approach and its various techniques that allow for a novel method for music retrieval. Lastly, we conclude that the proposed system was effective combined with the MIDI dataset and custom hummed queries that were recorded from a sample of people. Although, the MRR was measured at 0.82 – 0.90 for only 100 songs in the database, the retrieval time was very high. Therefore, improving the retrieval time and Deep Learning approaches are suggested for future work
Streaming Audio Using MPEG–7 Audio Spectrum Envelope to Enable Self-similarity within Polyphonic Audio
One method overlooked to date, which can work alongside existing audio compression schemes, is that which takes account of the semantics and natural repetition of music through meta-data tagging. Similarity detection within polyphonic audio has presented problematic challenges within the field of Music Information Retrieval. This paper presents a method (SoFI) for improving the quality of stored audio being broadcast over any wireless medium through meta-data which has a number of market applications all with market value. Our system works at the content level thus rendering it applicable in existing streaming services. Using the MPEG-7 Audio Spectrum Envelope (ASE) gives features for extraction and combined with k-means clustering enables self-similarity to be performed within polyphonic audio. SoFI uses string matching to identify similarity between large sections of clustered audio. Objective evaluations of SoFI give positive results which show that SoFI is shown to detect high levels of similarity on varying lengths of time within an audio file. In a scale between 0 and 1 with 0 the best, a clear correlation between similarly identified sections of 0.2491 shows successful identification
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