The descriptive theory of represented spaces

This is a survey on the ongoing development of a descriptive theory of represented spaces, which is intended as an extension of both classical and effective descriptive set theory to deal with both sets and functions between represented spaces. Most material is from work-in-progress, and thus there may be a stronger focus on projects involving the author than an objective survey would merit.Comment: survey of work-in-progres

On the topological aspects of the theory of represented spaces

Represented spaces form the general setting for the study of computability derived from Turing machines. As such, they are the basic entities for endeavors such as computable analysis or computable measure theory. The theory of represented spaces is well-known to exhibit a strong topological flavour. We present an abstract and very succinct introduction to the field; drawing heavily on prior work by Escard\'o, Schr\"oder, and others. Central aspects of the theory are function spaces and various spaces of subsets derived from other represented spaces, and -- closely linked to these -- properties of represented spaces such as compactness, overtness and separation principles. Both the derived spaces and the properties are introduced by demanding the computability of certain mappings, and it is demonstrated that typically various interesting mappings induce the same property.Comment: Earlier versions were titled "Compactness and separation for represented spaces" and "A new introduction to the theory of represented spaces

Effective Banach spaces

This thesis addresses Pour-El and Richards' fourth question from their book "Computability in analysis and physics", concerning the relation between higher order recursion theory and computability in analysis. Among other things it is shown that there is a computability structure that is uncountable. The example given is a structure on the Banach space of bounded linear operators on the set of almost periodic functions.Comment: Master's thesis, University of Oslo, 1997. Adviser: Dag Normann. Translated from Norwegian. Original title: "Effektive Banach-rom

Computing the speed of convergence of ergodic averages and pseudorandom points in computable dynamical systems

A pseudorandom point in an ergodic dynamical system over a computable metric space is a point which is computable but its dynamics has the same statistical behavior as a typical point of the system. It was proved in [Avigad et al. 2010, Local stability of ergodic averages] that in a system whose dynamics is computable the ergodic averages of computable observables converge effectively. We give an alternative, simpler proof of this result. This implies that if also the invariant measure is computable then the pseudorandom points are a set which is dense (hence nonempty) on the support of the invariant measure

Point degree spectra of represented spaces

We introduce the point degree spectrum of a represented space as a substructure of the Medvedev degrees, which integrates the notion of Turing degrees, enumeration degrees, continuous degrees, and so on. The notion of point degree spectrum creates a connection among various areas of mathematics including computability theory, descriptive set theory, infinite dimensional topology and Banach space theory. Through this new connection, for instance, we construct a family of continuum many infinite dimensional Cantor manifolds with property $C$ whose Borel structures at an arbitrary finite rank are mutually non-isomorphic. This provides new examples of Banach algebras of real valued Baire class two functions on metrizable compacta, and strengthen various theorems in infinite dimensional topology such as Pol's solution to Alexandrov's old problem

Effective symbolic dynamics, random points, statistical behavior, complexity and entropy

We consider the dynamical behavior of Martin-L\"of random points in dynamical systems over metric spaces with a computable dynamics and a computable invariant measure. We use computable partitions to define a sort of effective symbolic model for the dynamics. Through this construction we prove that such points have typical statistical behavior (the behavior which is typical in the Birkhoff ergodic theorem) and are recurrent. We introduce and compare some notions of complexity for orbits in dynamical systems and prove: (i) that the complexity of the orbits of random points equals the Kolmogorov-Sina\"i entropy of the system, (ii) that the supremum of the complexity of orbits equals the topological entropy

Computation with Advice

Computation with advice is suggested as generalization of both computation with discrete advice and Type-2 Nondeterminism. Several embodiments of the generic concept are discussed, and the close connection to Weihrauch reducibility is pointed out. As a novel concept, computability with random advice is studied; which corresponds to correct solutions being guessable with positive probability. In the framework of computation with advice, it is possible to define computational complexity for certain concepts of hypercomputation. Finally, some examples are given which illuminate the interplay of uniform and non-uniform techniques in order to investigate both computability with advice and the Weihrauch lattice

Computability on quasi-Polish spaces

We investigate the effectivizations of several equivalent definitions of quasi-Polish spaces and study which characterizations hold effectively. Being a computable effectively open image of the Baire space is a robust notion that admits several characterizations. We show that some natural effectivizations of quasi-metric spaces are strictly stronger

Dugundji systems and a retract characterization of effective zero-dimensionality

In this paper (as in [Ken15]), we consider an effective version of the characterization of (separable metric) spaces as zero-dimensional iff every nonempty closed subset is a retract of the space (actually, we have proved a relative result for closed (zero-dimensional) subspaces of a fixed space). This uses (in the converse direction) local compactness & bilocated sets as in [Ken15], but in the forward direction the newer version has a simpler proof and no compactness assumption. Furthermore, the proof of the forward implication relates to so-called Dugundji systems: we elaborate both a general construction of such systems for a proper nonempty closed subspace (using a computable form of countable paracompactness), and modifications to make the sets pairwise disjoint if the subspace is zero-dimensional, or to avoid the restriction to proper subspaces. In a different direction, a second theorem applies in $p$-adic analysis the ideas of the first theorem to compute a more general form of retraction, given a Dugundji system (possibly without disjointness). Finally, we complement the mentioned effective retract characterization of zero-dimensional subspaces by improving to equivalence the implications (or Weihrauch reductions in some cases), for closed at-most-zero-dimensional subsets with some negative information, among separate conditions of computability of operations $N,M,B,S$ introduced in [Ken15,\S 4] and corresponding to vanishing large inductive dimension, vanishing small inductive dimension, existence of a countable basis of relatively clopen sets, and the reduction principle for sequences of open sets. Thus, similarly to the robust notion of effective zero-dimensionality of computable metric spaces in [Ken15], there is a robust notion of `uniform effective zero-dimensionality' for a represented pointclass consisting of at-most-zero-dimensional closed subsets.Comment: 33 pages, major revised version, intended for postproceedings of CCC 201

Logic Blog 2015f

The 2015 Logic Blog contains a large variety of results connected to logic, some of them unlikely to be submitted to a journal. For the first time there is a group theory part. There are results in higher randomness, and in computable ergodic theory