9 research outputs found
Implications of movement for species distribution models - rethinking environmental data tools
Movement is considered an essential process in shaping the distributions of species. Nevertheless, most species distribution models (SDMs) still focus solely on environment-species relationships to predict the occurrence of species. Furthermore, the currently used indirect estimates of movement allow to assess habitat accessibility, but do not provide an accurate description of movement. Better proxies of movement are needed to assess the dispersal potential of individual species and to gain a more practical insight in the interconnectivity of communities. Telemetry techniques are rapidly evolving and highly capable to provide explicit descriptions of movement, but their usefulness for SDMs will mainly depend on the ability of these models to deal with hitherto unconsidered ecological processes. More specifically, the integration of movement is likely to affect the environmental data requirements as the connection between environmental and biological data is crucial to provide reliable results. Mobility implies the occupancy of a continuum of space, hence an adequate representation of both geographical and environmental space is paramount to study mobile species distributions. In this context, environmental models, remote sensing techniques and animal-borne environmental sensors are discussed as potential techniques to obtain suitable environmental data. In order to provide an in-depth review of the aforementioned methods, we have chosen to use the modelling of fish distributions as a case study. The high mobility of fish and the often highly variable nature of the aquatic environment generally complicate model development, making it an adequate subject for research. Furthermore, insight into the distribution of fish is of great interest for fish stock assessments and water management worldwide, underlining its practical relevance
Bibliography of the Indian Ocean 1968 (with a supplement for 1962-1967)
A request was made to the readers at the time of the issue of the first Bulletin in
March 1968 containing refernces relating to the Indian Ocean for the 1962-67 period,
to bring to our notice any omission noticed so that those references could be in
corporated in a supplement to be brought out along with the bibliography for 1968.
We received favourable response to this from several interested workers but would
like to make special mention of Dr. M. Angot, Centre O. R.S. T. O. M. de Nosy-Be,
Madagascar, Mr. S. W. Bhat, Meteorologist, India Meteorological Departement, Poona
and Dr. E. G. Silas of this Institute who supplied us with quite a large number of
references which have gone a long way in making the supplement comprehensive. Our
sincere thanks to all those who extended their co-operation
Marine Ecosystems Challenges and Opportunities (MECOS 09) Book of Abstracts
Marine ecosystems contain several unique qualities that set them apart from other
ecosystems. Of the 89 elements occurring in nature, the presence of 80 has been
confirmed in seawater. It is perhaps true that the remaining 9 elements are also present,
but in concentrations too small to be detected. This wide range of substances dissolved
in seawater has placed the marine organisms in a more advantageous position than
their freshwater counterparts. These elements provide the essential materials required
for the synthesis of all the basic nourishments of the body including the skeletal
support of marine animals. In the terrestrial ecosystems, the physical boundaries are
well marked and environmental variabilities are rather wide. The terrestrial organisms
and ecosystems have developed internal mechanisms to cope up with variabilities.
In contrast, in the marine ecosystems, the physical variability is small and extends
over very long time scales due to the large thermal capacity of the oceans and the
long periods of exchange between deep and near shore waters. Consequently, the
marine ecosystems are more vulnerable to large-scale environmental changes because
they do not have the internal adaptability inherent in the terrestrial systems
Renaissance in Fisheries: Outlook and Strategies - Book of Abstracts 9th Indian Fisheries Forum, December 19-23, 2011, Chennai, India
The Asian Fisheries Society – Indian Branch (AFSIB) since its inception in 1986, has been providing
a platform for discussion at the national level on issues related to research, development, education
and policies by organizing Indian Fisheries Forum (IFF) every three years in different parts of the
country. The 9th Indian Fisheries Forum (9th iff) will be hosted by the Central Marine
Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), at Chennai during 19-23 December 2011. The
main theme of the 9th iff is “Renaissance in Fisheries: Outlook & Strategies”. It would have a
comprehensive look for the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, for achieving greater synergy among
the stakeholders and planning strategies for capture fisheries and aquafarming to build higher
levels of sustainability and profitability. The forum would also address the issues of impact of climate
change and its mitigation, resource constraint and species diversification for the expansion of fish
production activity; and encourage young scientists to undertake need-based and resource specific
research. An international symposium sponsored by the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem
(BoBLME) is scheduled to be held during the forum on 21 December, 2011 with theme: Bay of
Bengal–Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management
River Ecological Restoration and Groundwater Artificial Recharge
Three of the eleven papers focused on groundwater recharge and its impacts on the groundwater regime, in which recharge was caused by riverbed leakage from river ecological restoration (artificial water replenishment). The issues of the hydrogeological parameters involved (such as the influence radius) were also reconsidered. Six papers focused on the impact of river ecological replenishment and other human activities on river and watershed ecology, and on groundwater quality and use function. The issues of ecological security at the watershed scale and deterioration of groundwater quality were of particular concern. Two papers focused on water resources carrying capacity and water resources reallocation at the regional scale, in the context of the fact that ecological water demand has been a significant topic of concern. The use of unconventional water resources such as brackish water has been emphasized in the research in this issue
Biodiversity and biomass of algae in the Okavango Delta (Botswana), a subtropical flood-pulsed wetland
In freshwater bodies algae provide key ecosystem services such as food and water purification. This is the first systematic assessment of biodiversity, biomass and distribution patterns of these aquatic primary producers in the Okavango Delta (Botswana), a subtropical flood-pulsed wetland in semiarid Southern Africa. This study delivers the first estimate of algal species and genera richness at the Delta scale; 496 species and 173 genera were observed in 132 samples. A new variety of desmid (Chlorophyta) was discovered, Cosmarium pseudosulcatum var. okavangicum, and species richness estimators suggest that a further few hundred unidentified species likely live in this wetland. Rare species represent 81% of species richness and 30% of total algal biovolume. Species composition is most similar within habitat types, thus varying more significantly at the Delta scale. In seasonally inundated floodplains, algal species / genera richness and diversity are significantly higher than in permanently flooded open water habitats. The annual flood pulse has historically allowed more diverse algal communities to develop and persist in these shallower and warmer environments with higher mean nutrient levels and more substrata and more heterogenous habitats for benthic taxa. These results support the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, Species-Energy Theory and Habitat Heterogeneity Diversity hypotheses. Higher algal biodiversity supports higher algal biomass in the floodplains, where species form three-dimensional communities of attached and periphytic algae requiring more nutrients than phytoplankton assemblages. Multivariate analyses demonstrate that habitat type, flooding frequency and conductivity most importantly influence the relative abundance of algal species, genera and phyla in the Okavango Delta. This study’s findings highlight how the preservation of water level fluctuations and habitat heterogeneity is crucial to maintaining biodiverse and thus resilient food webs in this unique ecosystem which faces increasing anthropogenic threats, such as global warming and upstream water abstraction plans