1,696 research outputs found

    The Family Name as Socio-Cultural Feature and Genetic Metaphor: From Concepts to Methods

    Get PDF
    A recent workshop entitled The Family Name as Socio-Cultural Feature and Genetic Metaphor: From Concepts to Methods was held in Paris in December 2010, sponsored by the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and by the journal Human Biology. This workshop was intended to foster a debate on questions related to the family names and to compare different multidisciplinary approaches involving geneticists, historians, geographers, sociologists and social anthropologists. This collective paper presents a collection of selected communications

    Mining Ethics and Sustainability

    Get PDF
    This paper aims to increase our understanding about existing community capacity-building approaches and their implications for obtaining a social license to operate in the mining industry. The notion of ‘capacity building’ is gaining increasing currency in the mining sector in developing countries, due to the rapidly increasing globalised nature of mining operations. Building a community’s capacity to understand and effectively respond to these transformations is vital for obtaining a social license to operate, as it promotes sustainable and locally relevant development. Accountability mechanisms, such as global norms and international standards, increasingly point to the need to build capacity among stakeholders, particularly among local communities adjacent to mining operations. International frameworks and mining companies have embraced the notion of community capacity-building as a driver to assist corporate social and operational performance. However, this narrow understanding of capacity-building through the prism of corporate social responsibility and ‘best practices’ is preventing the industry from impacting communities meaningfully, and from forging sustainable communities in the 10 Mining Ethics and Sustainability regions where it operates

    EDM 2011: 4th international conference on educational data mining : Eindhoven, July 6-8, 2011 : proceedings

    Get PDF

    Pour une meilleure prise en charge de la SST : une nouvelle démarche pratique de gestion des risques de projets miniers

    Get PDF
    Bien que l’industrie miniĂšre utilise convenablement les outils de gestion des risques, certains projets miniers d’envergure ont rencontrĂ© de nombreux problĂšmes dus Ă  un manquement de prise en considĂ©ration de la santĂ© et de la sĂ©curitĂ© du travail (SST). MalgrĂ© le degrĂ© Ă©levĂ© des risques et des incertitudes reliĂ© Ă  l’exploitation d’un projet minier, il n’existe qu’un nombre limitĂ© de recherches proposant de gĂ©rer tous les risques identifiĂ©s de façon systĂ©matique. Cette insuffisance est parfois expliquĂ©e par le manque de fiabilitĂ© des donnĂ©es et les carences relatives Ă  l’expertise permettant d’identifier et d’évaluer convenablement tous les risques miniers. Dans un contexte Ă©conomique en pleine effervescence, l’industrie miniĂšre doit relever plusieurs dĂ©fis en lien avec le dĂ©marrage de nombreux projets. Dans un environnement trĂšs complexe et incertain, une gestion rigoureuse des risques demeure une composante indispensable pour contourner plusieurs menaces. Étant donnĂ© la complexitĂ© de ces projets, plusieurs entreprises miniĂšres cherchent continuellement Ă  amĂ©liorer et crĂ©er des dĂ©marches intĂ©grĂ©es de gestion des risques. Dans cette thĂšse, nous proposons une nouvelle dĂ©marche par facteurs de risques pour intĂ©grer la SST, de façon systĂ©matique et systĂ©mique, dans la gestion des risques de projets miniers. Cette dĂ©marche est appuyĂ©e sur un nouveau concept, la « concentration des sources de dangers », et sur la mĂ©thode d’analyse multicritĂšre AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Les travaux de recherche ont pour finalitĂ© la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation progressive de l’utilisation de cette dĂ©marche dans le secteur des mines d’or au QuĂ©bec. En plus de la dĂ©marche proposĂ©e, de ses outils et de ses nouveaux concepts, nous fournissons Ă  la communautĂ© scientifique et aux praticiens un portrait prĂ©liminaire des risques associĂ©s aux projets miniers. Ce portrait de risques est indispensable pour complĂ©ter une Ă©valuation fiable et rapide des risques de projets miniers. Nous partageons Ă©galement deux bases de donnĂ©es Ă©volutives comportant chacune plus de 200 sources de dangers Ă©laborĂ©es relativement Ă  deux mines d’or (Ă  ciel ouvert et souterraine). Ces bases de donnĂ©es servent comme bases de connaissances Ă©volutives et potentiellement adaptables et transfĂ©rables Ă  d’autres entreprises, de mĂȘme qu’à d’autres nouveaux projets miniers. Les travaux de recherche ont permis Ă  nos partenaires industriels d’identifier et de prioriser les risques potentiels afin qu’ils puissent choisir la meilleure stratĂ©gie de contrĂŽle. Plusieurs Ă©quipes interdisciplinaires ont Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©es dans cette recherche, favorisant ainsi un partage du savoir-faire industriel. Enfin, cette recherche a permis une prise en considĂ©ration de la SST dans toutes les activitĂ©s opĂ©rationnelles des mines impliquĂ©es. MalgrĂ© ces efforts, cette thĂšse prĂ©sente plusieurs limites parmi lesquelles on retrouve certaines que nous envisageons de rĂ©soudre dans un avenir rapprochĂ©. En premier lieu, nous nous proposons d’utiliser la mĂ©thode Delphi en vue d’atteindre un consensus entre les experts, dans le but de valider une Ă©chelle de conversion des « concentrations des sources de dangers » en probabilitĂ©s. Nous envisageons Ă©galement d’explorer les possibilitĂ©s d’ajout d’autres techniques de collecte de donnĂ©es mieux adaptĂ©es aux problĂ©matiques et risques Ă©tudiĂ©s. Seulement deux entreprises miniĂšres au QuĂ©bec ont mis en oeuvre la dĂ©marche de gestion des risques proposĂ©e. L’influence de la culture des organisations sur la dĂ©marche proposĂ©e reste un obstacle important quant Ă  la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation des rĂ©sultats de la thĂšse. Nous essayons de remĂ©dier Ă  cette contrainte par une prĂ©sence plus Ă©tendue dans le secteur, ainsi que par le suivi de nos partenaires industriels

    The influence of sustainability in project management practices in the building sector

    Full text link
    La durabilitĂ© est un objectif adoptĂ© de maniĂšre croissante (et un concept globalement acceptĂ©) qui affecte - et rĂ©ciproquement qui est affectĂ© par - le processus de rĂ©alisation du projet de construction. Étant donnĂ© que le secteur du bĂątiment se voit de plus en plus forcĂ© d'adopter la durabilitĂ© dans les processus organisationnels, les chercheurs du domaine ont apportĂ© des connaissances pour amĂ©liorer la performance de bĂątiments dits « verts », en mettant l'accent souvent sur les technologies, les matĂ©riaux et les outils de gestion de l'environnement. Les praticiens se sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement concentrĂ©s sur l'augmentation de l'efficacitĂ©, de maniĂšre globale considĂ©rĂ©e comme une rĂ©duction de l'utilisation de l'eau, de l’énergie et d'autres ressources. Cependant, on constate que les connaissances demeurent encore insuffisantes existent encore sur les processus requis dans la mise en Ɠuvre des principes de la durabilitĂ© elle-mĂȘme. Ainsi, cette thĂšse vise Ă  crĂ©er une comprĂ©hension dĂ©taillĂ©e de la maniĂšre dont les pratiques liĂ©es Ă  la durabilitĂ© influencent la gestion du projet et les processus organisationnels dans les projets de construction. La recherche repose sur cinq Ă©tudes de cas de projets de construction rĂ©cents situĂ©s Ă  MontrĂ©al qui ont adoptĂ© des principes de durabilitĂ©. Les donnĂ©es comprennent 14 entretiens avec des experts en durabilitĂ©, gestion de projet et construction, ainsi que 24 entretiens avec des professionnels impliquĂ©s dans les cinq projets sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. Plus de 200 documents liĂ©s aux projets, des communiquĂ©s de presse, et des documents des politiques organisationnelles du donneur d’ouvrage ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s, et comparĂ©s aux informations obtenues Ă  partir des entrevues et des observations sur le terrain. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es Ă  l'aide d'une sĂ©rie de diagrammes et de techniques de cartographie visant Ă  rĂ©vĂ©ler l'Ă©volution de la structure de la Multi-Organisation Temporaire (MOT) et des pratiques de durabilitĂ© dans les Ă©tudes de cas. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent que la durabilitĂ© facilite le processus d'alignement entre la gestion du projet et la stratĂ©gie de l’organisation. Ils montrent Ă©galement que l’adoption des certifications « vertes » dans les projets de construction gĂ©nĂšre souvent une sĂ©rie de tensions qui influencent les processus et les pratiques de gestion de projet. De plus, l'Ă©tude rĂ©vĂšle que les parties prenantes adoptent une multiplicitĂ© d'approches Ă  la durabilitĂ©, et que ces approches changent au cours des diffĂ©rentes Ă©tapes du projet, gĂ©nĂ©rant alors des tensions supplĂ©mentaires entre les parties prenantes. Cette recherche suggĂšre que, pour adopter des pratiques de durabilitĂ© dans le secteur de la construction, il est urgent de passer des approches linĂ©aires, normatives et axĂ©es sur les produits Ă  une approche plus holistique, ouverte et centrĂ©e sur les processus. Contrairement Ă  la conviction commune, les rĂ©sultats montrent que la durabilitĂ© n'est pas une approche homogĂšne appliquĂ©e aux projets de construction et que la diversitĂ© d’approches gĂ©nĂšre un impact significatif sur la performance du projet. Il est donc nĂ©cessaire de bien comprendre les diffĂ©rentes approches des parties prenantes ainsi que leurs Ă©volutions dans les phases du projet. D'un point de vue pratique, les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude peuvent ĂȘtre mobilisĂ©s par les gestionnaires de projet pour Ă©viter les conflits entre les parties prenantes, pour rĂ©duire les tensions entre les approches managĂ©riales, pour faciliter l'innovation et la collaboration, ainsi que pour transformer les tensions en opportunitĂ©s d'amĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© des projets.Sustainability is an increasingly adopted objective (and an overarching concept) that affects, and is affected by, every aspect of the construction project process. As the building sector is increasingly forced to adopt sustainability in organizational processes, researchers within the field have provided knowledge to improve “green” building performance, focusing on technologies, materials, and environmental management tools. Practitioners have usually focused on increasing efficiency, typically seen as reductions in the use of energy, water and other resources. However, insufficient knowledge still exists about the processes required in the effective implementation of sustainability principles. This dissertation seeks to create a comprehensive understanding of how sustainability principles influence project management and organizational processes in building projects. The research is based on five case studies of recent Montreal located building projects that have implemented sustainability principles. First-hand data included 14 Interviews with experts in sustainability, project management, and construction, as well as 24 interviews with professionals involved in the five projects. More than 200 project documents, press releases, and policy documents from the client organizations were studied and compared with the information obtained from the interviews and observations. The data was analyzed through a series of diagrams and mapping techniques that aimed at revealing the evolution of both the structure of the temporary multi-organization (TMO) and the sustainability practices within the case studies. Findings reveal that sustainability enables the alignment process between project management and business strategy. They also show that the implementation of “green” certifications in building projects often generates a series of tensions that influence project management processes and practices. Moreover, the study reveals that stakeholders adopt a multiplicity of sustainability approaches and that these approaches change during different stages of the project, generating additional tensions between stakeholders. The investigation suggests that in order to adopt sustainability practices in the building sector there is an urgent need to shift from linear, regulatory, and product-centred approaches to a more holistic, open, and process-centred approach. Contrary to common belief, results show that sustainability is not a homogeneous approach applied to building projects and that the diversity of approaches has a significant impact on project performance. There is, therefore, a need to fully understand different stakeholder approaches as well as their evolution in the project phases. From a practical point of view, results from this study can be used by project managers to avoid conflicts between stakeholders, reduce tensions between managerial approaches, facilitate innovation and collaboration, and transform tensions into opportunities for project quality enhancement

    A Century of Parks Canada, 1911-2011

    Get PDF
    "... a diverse and fascinating array of perspectives on the history of Canada's national parks, illuminating many less well-understood aspects of the evolving place of people in and near these parks." - Stephen Bocking, Professor and Chair, Environmental and Resource Studies Program, Trent University When Canada created a Dominion Parks Branch in 1911, it became the first country in the world to establish an agency devoted to managing its national parks. Over the past century this agency, now Parks Canada, has been at the centre of important debates about the place of nature in Canadian nationhood and relationships between Canada's diverse ecosystems and its communities. Today, Parks Canada manages over forty parks and reserves totalling over 200,000 square kilometres and featuring a dazzling variety of landscapes, and is recognized as a global leader in the environmental challenges of protected places. Its history is a rich repository of experience, of lessons learned - critical for making informed decisions about how to sustain the environmental and social health of our national parks. A Century of Parks Canada is published in partnership with NiCHE (Network in Canadian History and Environment; http://niche-canada.org/)

    Building Boys, Building Canada: The Boy Scout Movement in Canada, 1908-1970

    Get PDF
    This dissertation examines Canada’s largest organization for boys of the twentieth century - the Boy Scouts. In Scouting for Boys [1908], Robert Baden Powell argued that Scouting provided a universal model for countries of the British Empire to develop the physical, mental and spiritual development of boys. The process of transplanting Baden-Powell’s movement to Canada led to the establishment of two separate organizations, divided along linguistic and religious lines. The movement also extended its reach to the Canadian North as missionaries and government officials adopted the movement in residential and day schools across the country. The Canadian Scout movement provides a compelling lens to understand how language, religion, race and class shaped the construction of Canadian boyhoods. This dissertation taps into the archival records of the Boy Scout movement, Canadian churches, state records, and private collections from the 1910s through to the 1960s to examine the motivations, objectives and tensions within the Scout movement’s network of institutional and cultural support. It argues that, as part of the frequent renewal of masculinities, Scouting and its supporters embraced the modern and the antimodern in order to shore up, revive, or reinvigorate masculinities that were deemed to be threatened. Perceptions of what boys needed were not always complementary and reflected broader religious, linguistic and racial assumptions and expectations about masculinity. The relationship between Scouting and Canadian churches, for instance, was fluid - reflecting a more complicated picture of religiosity in the postwar period than existing scholarship has considered. The relationship between French-Canadian and English-Canadian Scouting was also complex and symptomatic of larger shifting relationships between the French-Canadian diaspora, Quebec and English-speaking Canada. Northern nationalists, meanwhile, latched onto the Scout movement as a means of promoting particular “ideas of north” for southern boys and northern Aboriginal and Inuit boys. These different supporters were, however, tied together by a shared desire to mitigate the perceived “feminizing” effects of modern life through a “modernizing antimodernism.” Masculinity’s ties to political and social citizenship remained strong well into the 1960s as Scouting’s coalition of supporters sustained the belief that building better boys was the key to building a better Canada

    Law in the present future : approaching the legal imaginary of smart cities with science (and) fiction

    Full text link
    This doctoral research concerns smart cities, describing digital solutions and social issues related to their innovative technologies, adopted models, and major projects around the world. The many perspectives mentioned in it were identified by online tools used for the textual analysis of two databases that were built from relevant publications on the main subject by authors coming from media and academia. Expected legal elements emerged from the applied process, such as privacy, security, transparency, participation, accountability, and governance. A general review was produced on the information available about the public policies of Big Data in the two municipal cases of Rio de Janeiro and MontrĂ©al, and their regulation in the Brazilian and Canadian contexts. The combined approaches from science and literature were explored to reflect on the normative concerns represented by the global challenges and local risks brought by urban surveillance, climate change, and other neoliberal conditions. Cyberpunk Science Fiction reveals itself useful for engaging with the shared problems that need to be faced in the present time, all involving democracy. The results achieved reveal that this work was, in fact, about the complex network of practices and senses between (post)modern law and the imaginary of the future.Cette recherche doctorale centrĂ©e sur les villes intelligentes met en Ă©vidence les solutions numĂ©riques et les questionnements sociĂ©taux qui ont trait aux technologies innovantes, ainsi qu’aux principaux modĂšles et projets dĂ©veloppĂ©s autour d’elles Ă  travers le monde. Des perspectives multiples en lien avec ces dĂ©veloppements ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’outils en ligne qui ont permis l’analyse textuelle de deux bases de donnĂ©es comprenant des publications scientifiques et des Ă©crits mĂ©diatiques. De ce processus analytique ont Ă©mergĂ© des Ă©lĂ©ments juridiques relatifs aux questions de vie privĂ©e, de sĂ©curitĂ©, de transparence, de participation, d’imputabilitĂ© et de gouvernance. De plus, Ă  partir de ces informations a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e une revue des politiques publiques relatives aux mĂ©gadonnĂ©es dans les villes de Rio de Janeiro et de MontrĂ©al, ainsi que des rĂ©glementations nationales du Canada et du BrĂ©sil en lien avec ce sujet. Finalement, Ă  travers l’exploration d’écrits scientifiques et fictionnels de la littĂ©rature, les principaux enjeux normatifs soulevĂ©s localement et mondialement par la surveillance urbaine, les changements climatiques et les politiques nĂ©olibĂ©rales ont pu ĂȘtre mis Ă  jour. Le courant cyberpunk de la science-fiction s’est avĂ©rĂ© particuliĂšrement utile pour rĂ©vĂ©ler les principaux problĂšmes politiques, en lien avec la prĂ©servation de la dĂ©mocratie, auxquelles sont confrontĂ©es nos sociĂ©tĂ©s prĂ©sentement. Les rĂ©sultats de la recherche dĂ©montrent finalement la prĂ©sence d’un rĂ©seau de pratiques et de significations entre le droit (post)moderne et les reprĂ©sentations imaginaires du futur
    • 

    corecore