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Rewriting Human History and Empowering Indigenous Communities with Genome Editing Tools.
Appropriate empirical-based evidence and detailed theoretical considerations should be used for evolutionary explanations of phenotypic variation observed in the field of human population genetics (especially Indigenous populations). Investigators within the population genetics community frequently overlook the importance of these criteria when associating observed phenotypic variation with evolutionary explanations. A functional investigation of population-specific variation using cutting-edge genome editing tools has the potential to empower the population genetics community by holding "just-so" evolutionary explanations accountable. Here, we detail currently available precision genome editing tools and methods, with a particular emphasis on base editing, that can be applied to functionally investigate population-specific point mutations. We use the recent identification of thrifty mutations in the CREBRF gene as an example of the current dire need for an alliance between the fields of population genetics and genome editing
Approaches to digital editing
This paper discusses approaches to digital editing, focusing on two projects, ReScript and Early English Laws (http://www.earlyenglishlaws.ac.uk). It also touches on some of the other tools available to editors, for example those offered as part of TextGrid. ReScript, a project of the Institute of Historical Research, aims to develop a prototype editing facility, which will support collaboration within established editorial teams as well as a crowdsourced approach to producing editions. It is currently being trialled with texts at a range of stages of production, from ‘completed’ 19th-century editions which will benefit from correction and annotation to completely new works. Early English Laws aims to publish online new editions and translations of all English legal codes, edicts and treatises produced up to and including Magna Carta in 1215. A bespoke editing facility has been developed by the Department of Digital Humanities at King’s College London which, like ReScript, will support collaborative editing, as well as export to print where appropriate. The latter project is particularly complex as it has to accommodate a variety of languages and editorial approaches (scholars working on early English texts, for example, have very different requirements from those working with Latin documents). The tools developed by both of these projects will be made available in due course for use and adaptation by and for other projects. The paper was given at the 'Envisioning REED in the digital age' workshop organised by the Records of Early English Drama project, University of Toronto, 4-5 April 2011
Visual Instruction Inversion: Image Editing via Visual Prompting
Text-conditioned image editing has emerged as a powerful tool for editing
images. However, in many situations, language can be ambiguous and ineffective
in describing specific image edits. When faced with such challenges, visual
prompts can be a more informative and intuitive way to convey ideas. We present
a method for image editing via visual prompting. Given pairs of example that
represent the "before" and "after" images of an edit, our goal is to learn a
text-based editing direction that can be used to perform the same edit on new
images. We leverage the rich, pretrained editing capabilities of text-to-image
diffusion models by inverting visual prompts into editing instructions. Our
results show that with just one example pair, we can achieve competitive
results compared to state-of-the-art text-conditioned image editing frameworks.Comment: Project page: https://thaoshibe.github.io/visii
A CNL for Contract-Oriented Diagrams
We present a first step towards a framework for defining and manipulating
normative documents or contracts described as Contract-Oriented (C-O) Diagrams.
These diagrams provide a visual representation for such texts, giving the
possibility to express a signatory's obligations, permissions and prohibitions,
with or without timing constraints, as well as the penalties resulting from the
non-fulfilment of a contract. This work presents a CNL for verbalising C-O
Diagrams, a web-based tool allowing editing in this CNL, and another for
visualising and manipulating the diagrams interactively. We then show how these
proof-of-concept tools can be used by applying them to a small example
Switchable genome editing via genetic code expansion
Multiple applications of genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 necessitate stringent regulation and Cas9 variants have accordingly been generated whose activity responds to small ligands, temperature or light. However, these approaches are often impracticable, for example in clinical therapeutic genome editing in situ or gene drives in which environmentally-compatible control is paramount. With this in mind, we have developed heritable Cas9-mediated mammalian genome editing that is acutely controlled by the cheap lysine derivative, Lys(Boc) (BOC). Genetic code expansion permitted non-physiological BOC incorporation such that Cas9 (Cas9BOC) was expressed in a full-length, active form in cultured somatic cells only after BOC exposure. Stringently BOC-dependent, heritable editing of transgenic and native genomic loci occurred when Cas9BOC was expressed at the onset of mouse embryonic development from cRNA or Cas9BOC transgenic females. The tightly controlled Cas9 editing system reported here promises to have broad applications and is a first step towards purposed, spatiotemporal gene drive regulation over large geographical ranges
High Resolution Imaging Systems For Spin-Stabilized Probe Spacecraft
A novel design for a high-resolution imaging system which includes on-board data editing and optical navigation, suggests high quality images can be acquired from spin-stabilized spacecraft oriented towards high velocity, short duration planetary missions ("Probes"). The approach to designing imaging systems requires that mission objectives be met within the physical and fiscal constraints imposed by the spacecraft and mission design. Severe constraints imposed on a Comet Halley probe (for example, 57km/sec encounter velocity with a small, 10km diameter, object coupled with a great uncertainty in encounter time and distance, were overcome by innovative use of existing technology. Such designs suggest that 3-axis stabilization or non-spinning platforms are not necessary to acquire high resolution, high quality planetary images
The effects of word processing and two common instructional methods on the essay revisions of twelfth grade students
Statement of the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between two common instructional methods--the use of editing questions and the use of models--and word processing in the revisions of twelfth-grade students. This study addressed the following questions: Will students\u27 revisions of analytical essays be significantly affected by the used of word processing? Will students\u27 revisions be significantly affected by the use of editing questions or writing models? And will there be a significant interaction between instructional method and computer use? Methods. A sample of 33 twelfth-grade students wrote four essays under four different conditions: word processing with model essays, word processing with editing questions, non-word processing with model essays, and non-word processing with editing questions. The resulting rough and final drafts were scored holistically, according to idea/example count, and according to error count. A statistical analysis of the differences between rough draft scores and final draft scores was then conducted using ANOVA and -scores. Results. Holistic scores and idea/example counts for the final drafts were significantly greater than those for corresponding rough drafts, but there was no significant decrease in error/example counts. The study did not demonstrate a significant difference in changes in the three scores between rough and final drafts among the four conditions. The study did demonstrate a significantly higher idea/example count and error count for the final drafts of essays written with word processing. Conclusions. The study indicates that the use of word processing does affect the student\u27s composition process but will not necessarily improve the quality of the student\u27s writing or the quality of student revisions
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