83 research outputs found
Technical, financial and environmental evaluation of 4G long term evolution: advanced with femtocell base stations
Recent advances in mobile communication technology have allowed for considerable
growth both in traffic and user numbers. However, in order to maintain acceptable quality of
experience and service levels with increasing network capacity requirements, a mobile
communications operator is challenged with high investment costs and high operating costs.
Cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability are two major factors a mobile
telecommunications operator must take into account in order to maintain its network planning
techniques ready for the accelerated growth of traffic in future mobile networks. With the
incoming LTE-Advanced system and with the increasing popularity of femtocells, it becomes
necessary to evaluate and quantify the economic viability and sustainability of this new type
of base station when used as a standalone deployment option, as well as when used in a two-tier network.
Therefore, different cases were used with a deployment method based on capacity
used with a varying non-uniform traffic distribution in order to assess the future resistance
and flexibility of this proposed solution. A comparison was made between macro cell
coverage only, full femtocell coverage and a two-tier joint solution.
Our study has concluded that for low capacity demands, the best approach is a two-tier network with femtocells used for indoor backhaul. A joint solution also allows for the
cost-effective resolution of indoor coverage issues. According to our future capacity
requirements projected, it has been concluded that a full femtocell deployment, by far, the
most economically viable option.
A method for the quantification and suppression of carbon emissions due to energy
consumption is also proposed, through which we studied and estimated the price for the
achievement of a zero carbon emissions network.Os recentes avanços na tecnologia de comunicações móveis têm permitido um
crescimento considerável da indústria, tanto em termos de tráfego como em número de
clientes. No entanto, para conseguir manter uma qualidade de experiência aceitável e com
elevada qualidade de serviço, um operador de comunicações móveis depara-se com elevados
custos de investimento e operação.
A eficácia em termos de custos e a pegada ambiental são dois factores que, entre
outros, um operador de telecomunicações móveis deve ter em conta de modo a manter as suas
técnicas de planeamento de rede preparadas para o acelerado crescimento do tráfego nas redes
móveis do futuro. Com a chegada próxima do LTE-Advanced e com a crescente popularidade
de femtocells, torna-se necessário avaliar e quantificar a viabilidade económica e o potencial
de poupança de energia deste novo tipo de estação de base quando utilizado como uma opção
de implantação autónoma, ou quando utilizado para suporte de uma rede de macro células.
Dessa forma, foram dimensionados diferentes casos de implementação baseados nos
requisitos de capacidade. Foi também aplicada uma distribuição de tráfego não-uniforme, a
fim de avaliar a resistência ao futuro e a flexibilidade de aplicação desta solução proposta.
Fez-se uma comparação entre uma implementação apenas com recurso a macro células, uma
implementação feita completamente com recurso a femtocells e uma solução conjunta destes
dois tipos de estação-base.
O estudo concluiu que, para requisitos de baixa capacidade, a melhor implementação
é uma rede de duas camadas, com femtocells utilizadas para o backhaul das ligações indoor.
A solução conjunta permite ainda a resolução eficaz de problemas de cobertura no interior de
edifícios. De acordo com a nossa projecção das necessidades futuras de capacidade concluiu-se que a implementação de uma rede apenas com recurso a femtocells é a melhor opção, do
ponto de vista da capacidade, financeiro e ambiental.
Também foi apresentada uma metodologia para quantificar a pegada ambiental
devida ao consumo de energia, através da qual se estudou e estimou os custos associados à
implementação de uma rede com pegada ambiental nula
Revenue requirements for mobile operators with ultra-high mobile broadband data traffic growth.
Mobile broadband data access over cellular networks has been established as a major new service in just a few years. The mobile broadband penetration has risen from almost zero to between 10 and 15 per cent in Western European leading markets from 2007 to the end of 2009. More than 75% of network traffic was broadband data in 2009, and the data volumes are growing rapidly. But the revenue generation is the reverse as the average for operators in Europe in 2009 was around 77 per cent of service revenues from voice, 10 per cent from SMS and 13 per cent from other data. Voice and broadband data service are built on two quite different business models. Voice pricing is volume based. Revenue depends linearly on the number of voice minutes. Broadband data service on the other hand is mainly flat fee based even if different levels are being introduced as well as tiers. Revenue is decoupled from traffic and therefore also from operating costs and investment requirements. This is what we define as a revenue gap. Earnings as well as internal financing will suffer from increasing traffic per user unless the flat fee can be raised or changed to volume based, other revenue can be obtained and/or operating costs and investments can be reduced accordingly. Observable trends and common forecasts indicate strong growth of mobile broadband traffic as well as declining revenue from mobile voice in the next five year period. This outlook suggests a prospective revenue gap with weak top-line growth and expanding operating costs and investment requirements. This is not only a profitability and cash flow issue. It may also severely restrict the industry's revenue and profit growth potential if it is handled mainly by cost-cutting. In sections 2 - 4 we describe related work, our contribution, the specific research questions as well as the methodology and its problems. Section 5 is an overview of mobile operators' revenue, its sources and development till today. Section 6 presents trends, developments and published forecasts that may be relevant for the future. Section 7 contains our conclusions. --Mobile broadband,mobile operator revenues,revenue requirements,voice revenues,non-voice revenues
Femtocell operator entry decision with spectrum bargaining and service competition
This paper analyzes the effect of the entry of a femtocell operator into a mobile communications market where a macrocell operator exists. The analysis is conducted using a game-theory-based model, specifically a threelevel multi leaderfollower game, where different solution concepts are applied: Shapley value, Nash equilibrium and Wardrop equilibrium. It aims to answer the question of which benefit mobile communication users get from the entry of a femtocell operator into the market. The equilibrium is assessed from the point of view of each agent (e.g. profits and utilities), and of the whole (e.g. social welfare). A case for regulatory intervention is made. © 1997-2012 IEEE.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project TIN2010-21378-C02-02.Guijarro Coloma, LA.; Pla, V.; Vidal Catalá, JR.; Martínez Bauset, J. (2012). Femtocell operator entry decision with spectrum bargaining and service competition. IEEE Communications Letters. 16(12):1976-1979. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2012.101712.121645S19761979161
A review of femtocell
The popularity of wireless networks has attracted the attention of researchers to improve the network system and this motivated the operators to find a new technology called femtocells with the aim of meeting the increased coverage and data demand in the indoor environment. The application of femtocells in both indoors and office environment has provided good quality service and high performance network gains. However, femtocells face challenges of interference management which deteriorate the capacity and quality of network. But to cope with these challenges, many researchers have come up with solutions to solve the problems, some of which include interference cancellation and interference avoidance
European leadership in 5G. CEPS Special Report, December 2016
Prepared by Policy Department A at the request of the European Parliament’s
Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), this report examines the
concept for 5G, how it might fit in the future telecommunications landscape, the
state of play in R&D in the EU and globally, the possible business models and the
role of standards and spectrum policy, to assess the EU’s strategic position
5G and beyond networks
This chapter investigates the Network Layer aspects that will characterize the merger of the cellular paradigm and the IoT architectures, in the context of the evolution towards 5G-and-beyond, including some promising emerging services as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or Base Stations, and V2X communications
The doctoral research abstracts. Vol:11 2017 / Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM
Foreword:
Congratulation to IGS on the continuous effort to publish the 11th issue of the Doctoral Research
Abstracts which highlights the research in various disciplines from science and technology, business
and administration to social science and humanities. This research abstract issue features the abstracts
from 91 PhD doctorates who will receive their scrolls in this 86th UiTM momentous convocation
ceremony. This is a special year for the Institute of Graduate Studies where we are celebrating our
20th anniversary. The 20th anniversary is celebrated with pride with an increase in the number of PhD
graduates.
In this 86th convocation, the number of PhD graduates has increased by 30%
compared to the previous convocation. Each research produces an innovation
and this year, 91 research innovations have been successfully recognized to have
made contributions to the body of knowledge. This is in line with this year UiTM
theme that is “Inovasi Melonjak Persaingan Global (Innovation Soars Global
Competition)”.
Embarking on PhD research may not have been an easy decision for many of
you. It often comes at a point in life when the decision to further one’s studies
is challenged by the comfort of status quo. I would like it to be known that you
have most certainly done UiTM proud by journeying through the scholarly
world with its endless challenges and obstacles, and by persevering right
till the very end.
Again, congratulations to all PhD graduates. As you leave the university
as alumni we hope a new relationship will be fostered between you
and UiTM to ensure UiTM soars to greater heights. I wish you all the
best in your future endeavor. Keep UiTM close to your heart and be
our ambassadors wherever you go. / Prof Emeritus Dato’ Dr Hassan Said
Vice Chancellor
Universiti Teknologi MAR
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